python模块之XlsxWriter 详解

Posted 2020-10-08

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Xlsx是python用来构造xlsx文件的模块，可以向excel2007+中写text，numbers，formulas 公式以及hyperlinks超链接。

可以完成xlsx文件的自动化构造，包括：

合并单元格，制作excel图表等功能：

技术分享

1，Introduction:

xlsxWriter支持多种excle功能；与excel完美兼容；写大文件，速度快且只占用很小的内存空间

不支持读或者改现有的excel文件

2， Installing:

sudo pip install XlsxWriter;

sudo easy_install XlsxWriter;

或者源码安装：http://github.com/jmcnamara/XlsxWriter/archive/master.tar.gz

3，使用：

import xlsxwriter

workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(‘hello.xlsx‘) # 建立文件

worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() # 建立sheet， 可以work.add_worksheet(‘employee‘)来指定sheet名，但中文名会报UnicodeDecodeErro的错误

worksheet.write(‘A1‘, ‘Hello world‘) # 向A1写入

workbook.close()

excel公式计算

# Some data we want to write to the worksheet.
expenses = (
    [‘Rent‘, 1000],
    [‘Gas‘,   100],
    [‘Food‘,  300],
    [‘Gym‘,    50],
)
 
# Start from the first cell. Rows and columns are zero indexed. 按标号写入是从0开始的，按绝对位置‘A1‘写入是从1开始的
row = 0
col = 0
 
# Iterate over the data and write it out row by row.
for item, cost in (expenses):
    worksheet.write(row, col,     item)
    worksheet.write(row, col + 1, cost)
    row += 1
 
# Write a total using a formula.
worksheet.write(row, 0, ‘Total‘)
worksheet.write(row, 1, ‘=SUM(B1:B4)‘)    # 调用excel的公式表达式
 
workbook.close()

excel自定义格式：

import xlsxwriter

 # 建文件及sheet.
 workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(‘Expenses02.xlsx‘)
 worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()

 # Add a bold format to use to highlight cells. 设置粗体，默认是False
 bold = workbook.add_format({‘bold‘: True})

 # Add a number format for cells with money.  定义数字格式
 money = workbook.add_format({‘num_format‘: ‘$#,##0‘})

 # Write some data headers. 带自定义粗体blod格式写表头
 worksheet.write(‘A1‘, ‘Item‘, bold)
 worksheet.write(‘B1‘, ‘Cost‘, bold)

 # Some data we want to write to the worksheet.
 expenses = (
     [‘Rent‘, 1000],
     [‘Gas‘,   100],
     [‘Food‘,  300],
     [‘Gym‘,    50],
 )

 # Start from the first cell below the headers.
 row = 1
 col = 0

 # Iterate over the data and write it out row by row.
 for item, cost in (expenses):
     worksheet.write(row, col,     item)    # 带默认格式写入
     worksheet.write(row, col + 1, cost, money)  # 带自定义money格式写入
     row += 1

 # Write a total using a formula.
 worksheet.write(row, 0, ‘Total‘,       bold)
 worksheet.write(row, 1, ‘=SUM(B2:B5)‘, money)

 workbook.close()

excel写入时间格式

from datetime import datetime
 import xlsxwriter
 
 # Create a workbook and add a worksheet.
 workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(‘Expenses03.xlsx‘)
 worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
 
 # Add a bold format to use to highlight cells.
 bold = workbook.add_format({‘bold‘: 1})
 
 # Add a number format for cells with money.
 money_format = workbook.add_format({‘num_format‘: ‘$#,##0‘})
 
 # Add an Excel date format.
 date_format = workbook.add_format({‘num_format‘: ‘mmmm d yyyy‘})
 
 # Adjust the column width.
 worksheet.set_column(1, 1, 15)
 
 # Write some data headers.
 worksheet.write(‘A1‘, ‘Item‘, bold)
 worksheet.write(‘B1‘, ‘Date‘, bold)
 worksheet.write(‘C1‘, ‘Cost‘, bold)
 
 # Some data we want to write to the worksheet.
 expenses = (
     [‘Rent‘, ‘2013-01-13‘, 1000],
     [‘Gas‘,  ‘2013-01-14‘,  100],
     [‘Food‘, ‘2013-01-16‘,  300],
     [‘Gym‘,  ‘2013-01-20‘,   50],
 )
 
 # Start from the first cell below the headers.
 row = 1
 col = 0
 
 for item, date_str, cost in (expenses):
     # Convert the date string into a datetime object.
     date = datetime.strptime(date_str, "%Y-%m-%d")
 
     worksheet.write_string  (row, col,     item              )
     worksheet.write_datetime(row, col + 1, date, date_format )
     worksheet.write_number  (row, col + 2, cost, money_format)
     row += 1
 
 # Write a total using a formula.
 worksheet.write(row, 0, ‘Total‘, bold)
 worksheet.write(row, 2, ‘=SUM(C2:C5)‘, money_format)
 
 workbook.close()

@@@ write方法提供了python类型到excel类型的转换， XlsxWriter支持excel工作表最大1048576行记录，16384条列记录，超出可以选择再建新sheet

worksheet.write(0, 0, ‘Hello‘)          # write_string()
worksheet.write(1, 0, ‘World‘)          # write_string()
worksheet.write(2, 0, 2)                # write_number()
worksheet.write(3, 0, 3.00001)          # write_number()
worksheet.write(4, 0, ‘=SIN(PI()/4)‘)   # write_formula()
worksheet.write(5, 0, ‘‘)               # write_blank()
worksheet.write(6, 0, None)             # write_blank()

关于更多字符串、数字、颜色及位置等excel格式：http://xlsxwriter.readthedocs.io/format.html

4，图标

这个是我比较关注的利用excel工具进行图标统计的功能

相比较python的matplotlib的画图模块，excel的图标更加漂亮灵活一些

Chart: Area, Bar, Column, Doughnut, Line, Pie, Scatter, Stock, Radar

workbook = xlswriter.Workbook(‘chart.xls‘)

worksheet = workbook.add_sheet(‘First_example‘) # 普通工作表

建立Chart对象： chart = workbook.add_chart({type, ‘column‘})

将图插入到sheet中： worksheet.insert_chart(‘A7‘, chart)

或者可以建立图表工作表chartsheet

chartsheet = workbook.add_charsheet()

chartsheet.set_char(chart)

柱状图：

import xlsxwriter
 
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(‘chart.xlsx‘)
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
 
# Create a new Chart object.
chart = workbook.add_chart({‘type‘: ‘column‘})
 
# Write some data to add to plot on the chart.
data = [
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
    [2, 4, 6, 8, 10],
    [3, 6, 9, 12, 15],
]
 
worksheet.write_column(‘A1‘, data[0])  # 按列插入
worksheet.write_column(‘B1‘, data[1])
worksheet.write_column(‘C1‘, data[2])
 
# Configure the chart. In simplest case we add one or more data series.
chart.add_series({‘values‘: ‘=Sheet1!$A$1:$A$5‘})
chart.add_series({‘values‘: ‘=Sheet1!$B$1:$B$5‘})
chart.add_series({‘values‘: ‘=Sheet1!$C$1:$C$5‘})
 
# Insert the chart into the worksheet.
worksheet.insert_chart(‘A7‘, chart)
 
workbook.close()