HTTP 2.0 鍘熺悊璇︾粏鍒嗘瀽

Posted 2020-12-25

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HTTP 2.0鏄湪SPDY锛圓n experimental protocol for a faster web, The Chromium Projects锛夊熀纭€涓婂舰鎴愮殑涓嬩竴浠ｄ簰鑱旂綉閫氫俊鍗忚銆侶TTP/2 鐨勭洰鐨勬槸閫氳繃鏀寔璇锋眰涓庡搷搴旂殑澶氳矾澶嶇敤鏉ヨ緝灏戝欢杩燂紝閫氳繃鍘嬬缉HTTPS棣栭儴瀛楁灏嗗崗璁紑閿€闄嶄綆锛屽悓鏃跺鍔犺姹備紭鍏堢骇鍜屾湇鍔″櫒绔帹閫佺殑鏀寔銆?nbsp;
鏈枃鐩殑鏄涔燞TTP 2.0鐨勫師鐞嗗苟鐮旂┒鍏堕€氫俊鐨勮缁嗙粏鑺傘€傚ぇ閮ㄥ垎鐭ヨ瘑鐐规簮浜庛€奧eb鎬ц兘鏉冨▉鎸囧崡銆嬨€?/p>

 

• 1. 浜岃繘鍒跺垎甯у眰
  • 1.1 甯э紙frame锛?/a>
  • 1.2 娑堟伅锛坢essage锛?/a>
  • 1.3 娴侊紙stream锛?/a>
• 2. 澶氳矾澶嶇敤鍏变韩杩炴帴
• 3. 璇锋眰浼樺厛绾?/a>
• 4. 鏈嶅姟绔帹閫?/a>
• 5. 棣栭儴鍘嬬缉
• 6. 涓€涓畬鏁寸殑HTTP 2.0閫氫俊杩囩▼
  • 6.1 鍩轰簬ALPN鐨勫崗鍟嗚繃绋?/a>
  • 6.2 鍩轰簬HTTP鐨勫崗鍟嗚繃绋?/a>
  • 6.3 瀹屾暣閫氫俊杩囩▼
• 7. HTTP 2.0鎬ц兘鐡堕
• 鍙傝€冩枃鐚?/a>

 

1. 浜岃繘鍒跺垎甯у眰

浜岃繘鍒跺垎甯у眰锛屾槸HTTP 2.0鎬ц兘澧炲己鐨勬牳蹇冦€?/span> 
HTTP 1.x鍦ㄥ簲鐢ㄥ眰浠ョ函鏂囨湰鐨勫舰寮忚繘琛岄€氫俊锛岃€孒TTP 2.0灏嗘墍鏈夌殑浼犺緭淇℃伅鍒嗗壊涓烘洿灏忕殑娑堟伅鍜屽抚锛屽苟瀵瑰畠浠噰鐢ㄤ簩杩涘埗鏍煎紡缂栫爜銆傝繖鏍凤紝瀹㈡埛绔拰鏈嶅姟绔兘闇€瑕佸紩鍏ユ柊鐨勪簩杩涘埗缂栫爜鍜岃В鐮佺殑鏈哄埗銆?nbsp;
濡備笅鍥炬墍绀猴紝HTTP 2.0骞舵病鏈夋敼鍙楬TTP 1.x鐨勮涔夛紝鍙槸鍦ㄥ簲鐢ㄥ眰浣跨敤浜岃繘鍒跺垎甯ф柟寮忎紶杈撱€?nbsp;
1.1 甯э紙frame锛?/span>

HTTP 2.0閫氫俊鐨勬渶灏忓崟浣嶏紝鍖呮嫭甯ч閮ㄣ€佹祦鏍囪瘑绗︺€佷紭鍏堝€煎拰甯у噣鑽风瓑銆?nbsp;
1.2 娑堟伅锛坢essage锛?/span>

娑堟伅鏄寚閫昏緫涓婄殑HTTP娑堟伅锛堣姹?鍝嶅簲锛夈€備竴绯诲垪鏁版嵁甯х粍鎴愪簡涓€涓畬鏁寸殑娑堟伅銆傛瘮濡備竴绯诲垪DATA甯у拰涓€涓狧EADERS甯х粍鎴愪簡璇锋眰娑堟伅銆?/p>

1.3 娴侊紙stream锛?/span>

娴佹槸杩炴帴涓殑涓€涓櫄鎷熶俊閬擄紝鍙互鎵胯浇鍙屽悜娑堟伅浼犺緭銆傛瘡涓祦鏈夊敮涓€鏁存暟鏍囪瘑绗︺€備负浜嗛槻姝袱绔祦ID鍐茬獊锛屽鎴风鍙戣捣鐨勬祦鍏锋湁濂囨暟ID锛屾湇鍔″櫒绔彂璧风殑娴佸叿鏈夊伓鏁癐D銆?nbsp;
鎵€鏈塇TTP 2. 0 閫氫俊閮藉湪涓€涓猅CP杩炴帴涓婂畬鎴愶紝 杩欎釜杩炴帴鍙互鎵胯浇浠绘剰鏁伴噺鐨勫弻鍚戞暟鎹祦Stream銆?鐩稿簲鍦帮紝 姣忎釜鏁版嵁娴佷互 娑堟伅鐨勫舰寮忓彂閫侊紝 鑰屾秷鎭敱涓€ 鎴栧涓抚缁勬垚锛?nbsp;杩欎簺甯у彲浠ヤ贡搴忓彂閫侊紝 鐒跺悗鏍规嵁姣忎釜甯ч閮ㄧ殑娴佹爣璇嗙閲嶆柊缁勮銆?/span> 
鍦ㄤ竴涓猅CP杩炴帴涓婂畬鎴愩€?/p>

2. 澶氳矾澶嶇敤鍏变韩杩炴帴

鍩轰簬浜岃繘鍒跺垎甯у眰锛孒TTP 2.0鍙互鍦ㄥ叡浜玊CP杩炴帴鐨勫熀纭€涓婏紝鍚屾椂鍙戦€佽姹傚拰鍝嶅簲銆侶TTP娑堟伅琚垎瑙ｄ负鐙珛鐨勫抚锛岃€屼笉鐮村潖娑堟伅鏈韩鐨勮涔夛紝浜ら敊鍙戦€佸嚭鍘伙紝鏈€鍚庡湪鍙︿竴绔牴鎹祦ID鍜岄閮ㄥ皢瀹冧滑閲嶆柊缁勫悎璧锋潵銆?nbsp;
鎴戜滑鏉ュ姣斾笅HTTP 1.x鍜孒TTP 2.0锛屽亣璁句笉鑰冭檻1.x鐨刾ipeline鏈哄埗锛屽弻鏂瑰洓灞傞兘鏄竴涓猅CP杩炴帴銆傚鎴风鍚戞湇鍔″害鍙戣捣涓変釜鍥剧墖璇锋眰/image1.jpg锛?image2.jpg锛?image3.jpg銆?nbsp;
HTTP 1.x鍙戣捣璇锋眰鏄覆琛岀殑锛宨mage1杩斿洖鍚庢墠鑳藉啀鍙戣捣image2锛宨mage2杩斿洖鍚庢墠鑳藉啀鍙戣捣image3銆?nbsp;
3. 璇锋眰浼樺厛绾?/span>

娴佸彲浠ュ甫鏈変竴涓?1bit鐨勪紭鍏堢骇锛?/p>

• 0锛氳〃绀烘渶楂樹紭鍏堢骇
• 2³¹-1锛氳〃绀烘渶浣庝紭鍏堢骇

瀹㈡埛绔槑纭寚瀹氫紭鍏堢骇锛屾湇鍔＄鍙互鏍规嵁杩欎釜浼樺厛绾т綔涓轰緷鎹氦浜掓暟鎹紝姣斿瀹㈡埛绔紭鍏堢骇璁剧疆涓?css>.js>.jpg锛堝叿浣撳彲鍙傝銆婇珮鎬ц兘缃戠珯寤鸿鎸囧崡銆嬶級锛?鏈嶅姟绔寜浼樺厛绾ц繑鍥炵粨鏋滄湁鍒╀簬楂樻晥鍒╃敤搴曞眰杩炴帴锛屾彁楂樼敤鎴蜂綋楠屻€?nbsp;
鐒惰€岋紝涔熶笉鑳借繃鍒嗚糠淇¤姹備紭鍏堢骇锛屼粛鐒惰娉ㄦ剰浠ヤ笅闂锛?/p>

• 鏈嶅姟绔槸鍚︽敮鎸佽姹備紭鍏堢骇
• 浼氬惁寮曡捣闃熼闃诲闂锛屾瘮濡傞珮浼樺厛绾х殑鎱㈠搷搴旇姹備細闃诲鍏朵粬璧勬簮鐨勪氦浜掋€?/li>

4. 鏈嶅姟绔帹閫?/span>

HTTP 2.0澧炲姞浜嗘湇鍔＄鎺ㄩ€佸姛鑳斤紝鏈嶅姟绔彲浠ユ牴鎹鎴风鐨勮姹傦紝鎻愬墠杩斿洖澶氫釜鍝嶅簲锛屾帹閫侀澶栫殑璧勬簮缁欏鎴风銆傚涓嬪浘鎵€绀猴紝瀹㈡埛绔姹俿tream 1锛?page.html銆傛湇鍔＄鍦ㄨ繑鍥瀞tream 1娑堟伅鐨勫悓鏃舵帹閫佷簡stream 2锛?script.js锛夊拰stream 4锛?style.css锛夈€?nbsp;
mod_http2鑳藉寮€鍚?nbsp;H2Push on鏈嶅姟绔帹閫丳ush銆侼ginx鐨?code>ngx_http_v2_module杩樹笉鏀寔鏈嶅姟绔疨ush銆?/li>

1 Apache mod_headers example
2 <Location /index.html>
3     Header add Link "</css/site.css>;rel=preload"
4     Header add Link "</images/logo.jpg>;rel=preload"
5 </Location>

 

5. 棣栭儴鍘嬬缉

HTTP 1.x姣忎竴娆￠€氫俊锛堣姹?鍝嶅簲锛夐兘浼氭惡甯﹂閮ㄤ俊鎭敤浜庢弿杩拌祫婧愬睘鎬с€侶TTP 2.0鍦ㄥ鎴风鍜屾湇鍔＄涔嬮棿浣跨敤鈥滈閮ㄨ〃鈥濇潵璺熻釜鍜屽瓨鍌ㄤ箣鍓嶅彂閫佺殑閿?鍊煎銆傞閮ㄨ〃鍦ㄨ繛鎺ヨ繃绋嬩腑濮嬬粓瀛樺湪锛屾柊澧炵殑閿?鍊煎浼氭洿鏂板埌琛ㄥ熬锛屽洜姝わ紝涓嶉渶瑕佹瘡娆￠€氫俊閮介渶瑕佸啀鎼哄甫棣栭儴銆?nbsp;
6. 涓€涓畬鏁寸殑HTTP 2.0閫氫俊杩囩▼

鑰冭檻涓€涓棶棰橈紝瀹㈡埛绔浣曠煡閬撴湇鍔＄鏄惁鏀寔HTTP 2.0锛熸槸鍚︽敮鎸佸浜岃繘鍒跺垎甯у眰鐨勭紪鐮佸拰瑙ｇ爜锛熸墍浠ワ紝鍦ㄤ袱绔娇鐢℉TTP 2.0閫氫俊涔嬪墠锛屽繀鐒跺瓨鍦?span style="color: #ff1493">鍗忚鍗忓晢鐨勮繃绋嬨€?/p>

6.1 鍩轰簬ALPN鐨勫崗鍟嗚繃绋?/span>

鏀寔HTTP 2.0鐨勬祻瑙堝櫒鍙互鍦═LS浼氳瘽灞傝嚜鍙戝畬鎴愬拰鏈嶅姟绔殑鍗忚鍗忓晢浠ョ‘瀹氭槸鍚︿娇鐢℉TTP 2.0閫氫俊銆傚叾鍘熺悊鏄疶LS 1.2涓紩鍏ヤ簡鎵╁睍瀛楁锛屼互鍏佽鍗忚鐨勬墿灞曪紝鍏朵腑ALPN鍗忚锛圓pplication Layer Protocol Negotiation, 搴旂敤灞傚崗璁崗鍟? 鍓嶈韩鏄疦PN锛夌敤浜庡鎴风鍜屾湇鍔＄鐨勫崗璁崗鍟嗚繃绋嬨€?nbsp;
鏈嶅姟绔娇鐢ˋLPN锛岀洃鍚?43绔彛榛樿鎻愰珮HTTP 1.1锛屽苟鍏佽鍗忓晢鍏朵粬鍗忚锛屾瘮濡係PDY鍜孒TTP 2.0銆?nbsp;
姣斿锛屽鎴风鍦═LS鎻℃墜Client Hello闃舵琛ㄦ槑鑷韩鏀寔HTTP 2.0 
6.2 鍩轰簬HTTP鐨勫崗鍟嗚繃绋?/span>

鐒惰€岋紝HTTP 2.0涓€瀹氭槸HTTPS锛圱LS 1.2锛夌殑鐗规潈鍚楋紵 
褰撶劧涓嶆槸锛屽鎴风浣跨敤HTTP涔熷彲浠ュ紑鍚疕TTP 2.0閫氫俊銆傚彧涓嶈繃鍥犱负HTTP 1. 0鍜孒TTP 2. 0閮戒娇鐢ㄥ悓涓€涓?绔彛锛?0锛夛紝 鍙堟病鏈夋湇鍔″櫒鏄惁鏀寔HTTP 2. 0鐨勫叾浠栦换浣?淇℃伅锛屾鏃?瀹㈡埛绔彧鑳戒娇鐢℉TTP Upgrade鏈哄埗锛圤kHttp, nghttp2绛夌粍浠跺潎鍙疄鐜帮紝涔熷彲浠ヨ嚜宸辩紪鐮佸畬鎴愶級閫氳繃鍗忚皟纭畾閫傚綋鐨勫崗璁細

 1 HTTP Upgrade request
 2 GET / HTTP/1.1
 3 host: nghttp2.org
 4 connection: Upgrade, HTTP2-Settings
 5 upgrade: h2c        /*鍙戣捣甯︽湁HTTP2.0 Upgrade澶撮儴鐨勮姹?/span>*/       
 6 http2-settings: AAMAAABkAAQAAP__   /*瀹㈡埛绔疭ETTINGS鍑€鑽?/span>*/
 7 user-agent: nghttp2/1.9.0-DEV
 8 
 9 HTTP Upgrade response    
10 HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols   /*鏈嶅姟绔悓鎰忓崌绾у埌HTTP 2.0*/
11 Connection: Upgrade
12 Upgrade: h2c
13 
14 HTTP Upgrade success               /*鍗忓晢瀹屾垚*/

 

6.3 瀹屾暣閫氫俊杩囩▼

TCP杩炴帴寤虹珛锛?nbsp;
42072: HTTP2_SESSION

 1 42072: HTTP2_SESSION
 2 textlink.simba.taobao.com:443 (PROXY 10.19.110.55:8080)
 3 Start Time: 2017-04-05 11:39:11.459
 4 
 5 t=370225 [st=    0] +HTTP2_SESSION  [dt=32475+]
 6                      --> host = "textlink.simba.taobao.com:443"
 7                      --> proxy = "PROXY 10.19.110.55:8080"
 8 t=370225 [st=    0]    HTTP2_SESSION_INITIALIZED
 9                        --> protocol = "h2"
10                        --> source_dependency = 42027 (PROXY_CLIENT_SOCKET_WRAPPER)
11 t=370225 [st=    0]    HTTP2_SESSION_SEND_SETTINGS
12                        --> settings = ["[id:3 flags:0 value:1000]","[id:4 flags:0 value:6291456]","[id:1 flags:0 value:65536]"]
13 t=370225 [st=    0]    HTTP2_STREAM_UPDATE_RECV_WINDOW
14                        --> delta = 15663105
15                        --> window_size = 15728640
16 t=370225 [st=    0]    HTTP2_SESSION_SENT_WINDOW_UPDATE_FRAME
17                        --> delta = 15663105
18                        --> stream_id = 0
19 t=370225 [st=    0]    HTTP2_SESSION_SEND_HEADERS
20                        --> exclusive = true
21                        --> fin = true
22                        --> has_priority = true
23                        --> :method: GET
24                            :authority: textlink.simba.taobao.com
25                            :scheme: https
26                            :path: /?name=tbhs&cna=IAj9EOy3fngCAXBQ5kJ9yusH&nn=&count=13&pid=430266_1006&_ksTS=1491363551394_94&callback=jsonp95
27                            user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36
28                            accept: */*
29                            referer: https://www.taobao.com/
30                            accept-encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch, br
31                            accept-language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8
32                            cookie: [382 bytes were stripped]
33                        --> parent_stream_id = 0
34                        --> stream_id = 1
35                        --> weight = 147
36 t=370256 [st=   31]    HTTP2_SESSION_RECV_SETTINGS
37                        --> host = "textlink.simba.taobao.com:443"
38 t=370256 [st=   31]    HTTP2_SESSION_RECV_SETTING
39                        --> flags = 0
40                        --> id = 3
41                        --> value = 128
42 t=370256 [st=   31]    HTTP2_SESSION_UPDATE_STREAMS_SEND_WINDOW_SIZE
43                        --> delta_window_size = 2147418112
44 t=370256 [st=   31]    HTTP2_SESSION_RECV_SETTING
45                        --> flags = 0
46                        --> id = 4
47                        --> value = 2147483647
48 t=370256 [st=   31]    HTTP2_SESSION_RECV_SETTING
49                        --> flags = 0
50                        --> id = 5
51                        --> value = 16777215
52 t=370256 [st=   31]    HTTP2_SESSION_RECEIVED_WINDOW_UPDATE_FRAME
53                        --> delta = 2147418112
54                        --> stream_id = 0
55 t=370256 [st=   31]    HTTP2_SESSION_UPDATE_SEND_WINDOW
56                        --> delta = 2147418112
57                        --> window_size = 2147483647
58 t=370261 [st=   36]    HTTP2_SESSION_RECV_HEADERS
59                        --> fin = false
60                        --> :status: 200
61                            date: Wed, 05 Apr 2017 03:39:11 GMT
62                            content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
63                            vary: Accept-Encoding
64                            server: Tengine
65                            expires: Wed, 05 Apr 2017 03:39:11 GMT
66                            cache-control: max-age=0
67                            strict-transport-security: max-age=0
68                            timing-allow-origin: *
69                            content-encoding: gzip
70                        --> stream_id = 1
71 t=370261 [st=   36]    HTTP2_SESSION_RECV_DATA
72                        --> fin = false
73                        --> size = 58
74                        --> stream_id = 1
75 t=370261 [st=   36]    HTTP2_SESSION_UPDATE_RECV_WINDOW
76                        --> delta = -58
77                        --> window_size = 15728582
78 t=370261 [st=   36]    HTTP2_SESSION_RECV_DATA
79                        --> fin = true
80                        --> size = 0
81                        --> stream_id = 1
82 t=370295 [st=   70]    HTTP2_STREAM_UPDATE_RECV_WINDOW
83                        --> delta = 58
84                        --> window_size = 15728640
85 t=402700 [st=32475] 

7. HTTP 2.0鎬ц兘鐡堕

鏄笉鏄惎鐢℉TTP 2.0鍚庢€ц兘蹇呯劧鎻愬崌浜嗭紵浠讳綍浜嬫儏閮戒笉鏄粷瀵圭殑锛岃櫧鐒舵€讳綋鑰岃█鎬ц兘鑲畾鏄兘鎻愬崌鐨勩€?nbsp;
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銆奧eb鎬ц兘鏉冨▉鎸囧崡銆?nbsp;
銆婁娇鐢?nghttp2 璋冭瘯 HTTP/2 娴侀噺銆?nbsp;https://imququ.com/post/intro-to-nghttp2.html