利用PXE实现自动化系统部署

Posted 2020-12-23 lidanyue

本实验实现在centos8系统上利用PXE自动化安装Centos6,7,8三个系统

（1） 安装前准备

关闭防火墙和SELINUX，DHCP服务器静态IP
网络要求：关闭Vmware软件中的DHCP服务，基于NAT模式

（2） 安装相关软件包并启动

 

[root@centos8 ~]#dnf -y install dhcp-server tftp-server httpd syslinux-nonlinux 
[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl enable --now httpd tftp dhcpd

 

 （3）配置DHCP服务

 

[root@centos8 ~]#cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
[root@centos8 ~]#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
  1 option domain-name "example.com";
  2 option domain-name-servers 180.76.76.76,223.6.6.6;
  3 default-lease-time 600;
  4 max-lease-time 7200;
  5 log-facility local7;
  6 subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
#分配的IP范围
  7     range 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;
#路由网关
  8     option routers 10.0.0.2;
#本机IP
  9     next-server 10.0.0.8;
 10     filename "pxelinux.0";
 11     }
[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl start dhcpd

 

（4）准备yum 源和相关目录（将centos8系统上安装三个光盘，分别对应相应的ios文件）

 

[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos/{6,7,8}/os/x86_64/ 
#centos6的为sr0,centos7的为sr2,centos8的为sr1
[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0  100G  0 part /
├─sda3   8:3    0   50G  0 part /data
├─sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part 
└─sda5   8:5    0    4G  0 part [SWAP]
sr0     11:0    1  3.7G  0 rom  
sr1     11:1    1    7G  0 rom  
sr2     11:2    1 10.3G  0 rom
[root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/
[root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr1 /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/
[root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr2 /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/

 

（5）准备kickstart文件

 

[root@centos8 ~]$mkdir /var/www/html/ks/
[root@centos8 ~]$cd /var/www/html/ks/
[root@centos8 ks]$vim centos6.cfg 

  1 install
  2 text
  3 reboot
  4 url --url=http://10.0.0.8/centos/6/os/x86_64/
  5 lang en_US.UTF-8
  6 keyboard us
  7 network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp  --noipv6
  8 rootpw  --iscrypted $6$j9YhzDUnQVnxaAk8$qv7rkMcPAEbV5yvwsP666DXWYadd3jYjkA9fpxAo9qYotjGGBUclCGoP1TRvgHBpqgc5n0RypMsPTQnVDcpO01
  9 firewall --disabled
 10 authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
 11 selinux --disabled
 12 timezone Asia/Shanghai
 13 bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
 14 zerombr
 15 clearpart --all --initlabel
 16 part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=1024
 17 part / --fstype=ext4 --size=50000
 18 part /data --fstype=ext4 --size=30000
 19 part swap --size=2048
 20 %packages
 21 @core
 22 @server-policy
 23 @workstation-policy
 24 autofs
 25 vim-enhanced
 26 %end
 27 %post
 28 useradd wang
 29 echo magedu | passwd --stdin wang &> /dev/null
 30 mkdir  /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
 31 mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
 32 cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
 33 [base]
 34 name=base
 35 baseurl=file:///misc/cd
 36 gpgcheck=0
 37 EOF
 38 %end

[root@centos8 ks]$vim centos7.cfg 

  1 #platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
  2 #version=DEVEL
  3 # Install OS instead of upgrade
  4 install
  5 # Keyboard layouts
  6 keyboard ‘us‘
  7 # Root password
  8 rootpw --plaintext magedu
  9 # System language
 10 lang en_US
 11 # System authorization information
 12 auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
 13 # Use text mode install
 14 text
 15 firstboot --disable
 16 # SELinux configuration
 17 selinux --disabled
 18 
 19 
 20 # Firewall configuration
 21 firewall --disabled
 22 # Network information
 23 network  --bootproto=static --device=eth0 --ip=10.0.0.123 --netmask=255.255.255.0
 24 # Reboot after installation
 25 reboot
 26 # System timezone
 27 timezone Asia/Shanghai
 28 # Use network installation
 29 url --url="http://10.0.0.8/centos/7/os/x86_64"
 30 # System bootloader configuration
 31 bootloader --append="net.ifnames=0" --location=mbr
 32 # Partition clearing information
 33 clearpart --all
 34 # Disk partitioning information
 35 part / --fstype="xfs" --size=100000
 36 
 37 %post
 38 useradd mage
 39 echo magedu |passwd --stdin mage
 40 mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
 41 mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
 42 cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
 43 [base]
 44 baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
 45         http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
 46         http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
 47 gpgcheck=1
 48 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 49 EOF
 50 mkdir /root/.ssh -m 700
 51 cat > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys <<EOF
 52 ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABgQC4fLgICiPzngrZ3J55lqfGH/yAifTe39nHi/9Z/2kC0WLYyyLvQGmyXP2I+y0sIaIpqvGHSglrXpsMszu2YoO72ydm+baSCazoH3pBUKvNa34+nukm9kUXsuNchFSzJGt6yOMEZNfvdenFYAAkRo5    /hYNy/jgaGbCSejxxBjx1oPB1ik7DQUXuZJKeNQEHYuQLMeNOatR7eQSWPH/e6vSgu6kERtn4QKvIa7VTt1hL8oE2VaxlmtuQEEhuuU1TELn5atkoGX2bSCxPjJxfBLqLKA75DGmaIKZl849JCOsQH/4nSGnGsF1BDrV/JqfeTsDBlt3/DKIlNZ+5/B    VBg4UPgAnKWFrrE52ub3L87SsqteES5Zh1K6yv3qA4Xagf1UTKFA7KhGZA2y+AwUTglQMeoYB1CNDQQjf35RDqjW25FD2IzqFurnVSkVEOU7u9mdN6v6KVZjAadOrFhXRoWtsJnEbwD/Dh1g8RWt55xIE0f4RekLNsmfgQxp3MiZSv8XU= root@cen    tos8.localdomain
 53 EOF
 54 chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
 55 %end
 56 
 57 %packages
 58 @web-server
 59 
 60 %end

[root@centos8 ks]$vim centos8.cfg 

  1 ignoredisk --only-use=sda
  2 zerombr
  3 text
  4 reboot
  5 clearpart --all --initlabel
  6 selinux --disabled
  7 firewall --disabled
  8 url --url=http://10.0.0.8/centos/8/os/x86_64/
  9 keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts=‘us‘
 10 lang en_US.UTF-8
 11 network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens160 --ipv6=auto --activate
 12 network  --hostname=centos8.magedu.com
 13 rootpw --iscrypted $6$j9YhzDUnQVnxaAk8$qv7rkMcPAEbV5yvwsP666DXWYadd3jYjkA9fpxAo9qYotjGGBUclCGoP1TRvgHBpqgc5n0RypMsPTQnVDcpO01
 14 firstboot --enable
 15 skipx
 16 services --disabled="chronyd"
 17 timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
 18 user --name=wang --password=6oUfb/02CWfLb5l8f$sgEZeR7c7DpqfpmFDH6huSmDbW1XQNR4qKl2EPns.gOXqlnAIgv9pTogtFVaDtEpMOC.SWXKYqxfVtd9MCwxb1 --iscrypted --gecos="wang"
 19 part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=102400
 20 part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=51200
 21 part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048
 22 part /boot --fstype="ext4" --ondisk=sda --size=1024
 23 %packages
 24 @^minimal-environment
 25 kexec-tools
 26 %end
 27 %addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb=‘auto‘
 28 %end
 29 %anaconda
 30 pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
 31 pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
 32 pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
 33 %end
 34 
 35 %post
 36 useradd mage
 37 echo magedu | passwd --stdin mage &> /dev/null
 38 %end

 

（6） 准备PXE启动相关文件

 

[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/centos{6,7,8}
#准备CentOS6，7，8各自的内核相关文件
[root@centos8 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img}  /var/lib/tftpboot/centos6
[root@centos8 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img}  /var/lib/tftpboot/centos7
[root@centos8 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img}  /var/lib/tftpboot/centos8
[root@centos8 ~]#cp /usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,menu.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot/ 
#以下三个文件是CentOS8安装所必须文件，CentOS6，7则不需要
[root@centos8 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/{ldlinux.c32,libcom32.c32,libutil.c32}  /var/lib/tftpboot/
#生成安装菜单文件
[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/
[root@centos8 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/isolinux.cfg  /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
#最终目录结构如下
[root@centos8 ~]#tree /var/lib/tftpboot
.
├── centos6
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── centos7
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── centos8
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── ldlinux.c32
├── libcom32.c32
├── libutil.c32
├── menu.c32
├── pxelinux.0
└── pxelinux.cfg
   └── default
4 directories, 12 files

 

（7） 准备启动菜单文件

 

[root@centos8 ~]#vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 
default menu.c32
timeout 600
menu title Install CentOS Linux 
label linux8
 menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^8
 kernel centos8/vmlinuz
 append initrd=centos8/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.8/ks/centos8.cfg
  
label linux7
 menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^7 
 kernel centos7/vmlinuz
 append initrd=centos7/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.8/ks/centos7.cfg
  
label linux6
 menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^6 
 kernel centos6/vmlinuz
 append initrd=centos6/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.8/ks/centos6.cfg
label manual
 menu label ^Manual Install CentOS Linux 8.0 
 kernel centos8/vmlinuz
 append initrd=centos8/initrd.img 
inst.repo=http://10.0.0.8/centos/8/os/x86_64/
label rescue
 menu label ^Rescue a CentOS Linux system 8
 kernel centos8/vmlinuz
 append initrd=centos8/initrd.img 
inst.repo=http://10.0.0.8/centos/8/os/x86_64/ rescue 
  
label local
 menu default
 menu label Boot from ^local drive
 localboot 0xffff

 

最后自己试一下是否能够安装就好啦