四级语法
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简单句
1. 什么是英语句子
英语的句子必须具备主谓结构 ,并且主语一定是谓语的发出者,如果有宾语的话,宾语一定是谓语动词的对象或承受者
2. 英语句子的基本结构
主谓:He die
主谓宾:
- 谓语:实义动词
主谓表:
- 谓语:
- 系动词 :
- be动词
- 感官动词:look=seem=appear,smell(n.气味),taste(n.喜好,喜爱 have taste for sth喜爱什么东西),sound(n.声音),feel
- 变化:become, get ,turn(颜色的变化), grow(长大的变), fall
- 保持:keep,stay,remain,stand
- 系动词 :
主谓双宾与主谓宾宾补:只需要在最后两个宾语之间加个be动词,如果读起来意思是对的,就是主谓宾宾补,意思不对就是双宾
I bought him(is) a dog主谓双宾 We made him (is)our monitor(班长)主谓宾宾补
3. **句子的成分(词性的问题)
谓语的词性:
- 谓语的成分:有时态的实义动词或系动词充当谓语。
- 一句话当中动词能不能多?(绝对不能,一句话当中只能有一个动词的存在并且充当谓语,多余的动词全部都要变成非 - 谓语动词)
- ①谓语只能是动词
- ② 动词只能做谓语
- ③ 所以我们需要把一句话当中所有不做谓语的动词全部都要变成不是动词(非 - 谓语动词) (当非 - 谓语动词做主语的时候,谓语动词三单)
- ving - 主动
- ved - 被动
- to do - 目的
试译:大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员,主要生活在中国西南部的森林里
Pandas are the rarest members in bear family ,mainly living in the forest of Chinese Southwest
试译:长江流经不同的生态体系,是诸多濒危物种的栖息地,灌溉了中国五分之一的土地
YangZi River flowing through diverse ecological systems , keeps the home of a sea of endangered species irrigating chinese 1/5 land.
试译:我爱你,你爱我
I loving me , you love me .(独立主格)
试译:冬天来了,春天就不远了。
Winter approaching , Spring will be around the corner
试译:我是一个老师,我喜欢唱歌。
Being a teacher ,I have passion for singing songs . (分词作状语)
- 一句话当中动词能不能少?(绝对不能,当一句话需要动词,而又没有动词的时候,永远都加be动词,而且be动词没有意思)
谓语的总结:
一句话当中有且只能有一个有时态的实义动词或者是系动词的存在,并且充当谓语。
主语:
1.主语的成分:名词、代词(只替代名词)、非 - 谓语动词、从句(引导词+句子)
2.一句话当中主语能不能少写:绝对不能,
那一句话没有主语怎么办呢?
-
加it作为主语:必须与天气、温度、时间有关系(机舱里很闷:It feels exceedingly hot in the cabin)
-
there be(exist seem remain) 句型,听到“有”的时候使用
有很多人喜欢我:There exist a host of undergraduates being fascinated with me
-
被动###:当听到一句话没有主语,或者是人称代词作主语的时候,都可以考虑写成被动
- 三种情况无被动:①动词后有介词的话,该动词无被动
? ②英语中所有的系动词都没有被动
? ③have 翻译成 ”有“ 的时候,没有被动
必须指出坚持很重要:Persistence must be pointed out outstandingly crucial
越来越多的人认为过度捕捞很严重:Overfishing is claimed more then fearful by an increasing amount of professors
- 人称代词作主语 :不到万不得已,最好不要使用
如果有梦想,就应该会成功:If there exists a dream ,glories are supposed to be achieved
宾语:
1.宾语的成分:名词,代词,非 - 谓语动词, 从句
表语:
1.表语的成分:名词,代词,非 - 谓语动词,从句,形容词,介词短语,
练习:
我喜欢在重庆:I like being in CQ
4. 简单句的考点分析
写作:
①:所有写不来的长难句,都写成简单句。
②: 所有写不来的单词,都可以写成自己会的词汇,
长难句分析:
①:找这句话的动词,也就是谓语,从而找到一句话的主谓宾 ,如果一句话找到多个动词的,就确定主句的谓语动词(前面没有引导词的动词就是主句的谓语动词。)
练习:
这两天心里很不爽:I fell upset these two days
全球在变暖:It is becoming warm throughout the world
嫉妒本身就是一种仰望:Being jealous is a kind of warship
有意义就是好好活,好好活就是做有意义的事情:Being meaingful proves to live well . living well seems to do meaningful things.
建议政府采取措施来缓解这个问题。It is suggested that the government should take measures to alleviate this problem.
并列句
①:什么是并列句:就是用连词连接两个句子
②:英语中常见的并列连词:
- 平行:and,not only……but also..
- (similarly equally likewise)adv. 同样地 (at the same time in the mean while)同时
- 转折:(but , yet , while , whereas)但是
- however(adv. 然而) nevertheless(adv. 尽管如此) on the contrary(相反地) conversely(adv. 相反地) unexpectedly(adv. 意外地) unfortunately(adv. 不幸地) by contrast(与……相反)
- 选择:or, whether....or....
- alternatively (adv. 或者)
- 因果:for , so(所以)
- therefore(adv. 因此) thus(adv. 因此) consequently(adv. 因此;所以) as a result(因此)
- 递进:then(adv.然后)
- besides(adv.此外) furthermore(adv. 此外) moreover(adv.此外) additionally(adv.此外) subsequently(adv.随后) in addition(另外)
③:并列句的考点分析
写作:
- 只要写作的上下句之间有逻辑关系,就一定要用逻辑关系词(连词、副词、介词和介词短语)
爱情早已经不在了,他还停留在过去。Romance has evaporated , and on the contrary she still misses thepast
④:连词与副词、介词短语的区别
- 使用连词时,有无逗号均可,而其他的逻辑关系词的前面,要么用句号,要么用连词and
练习:
有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎:There remain an army(大批) of companies coming from afar(adv.从远处) , and consequently I feel more than delighted(高兴)
都说我如水百变,可知我清澈不变。I am claimed changeable like water. By contrast ,my clarity keeps consistent
还记得那天吗?我没有通过四级考试,一个人在雨中哭泣,你走过来,拍拍我的肩膀,告
诉我人生没有终点。Do you still keep that day in mind ? I failed to pass CET4 , and as a result ,I shed tears in the rain alone . at the same time , you came up to me and subsequently you beat my shoulder and told me "there exists no destination in life"
完型填空:
- 只需要读懂逻辑关系词前后两句话地意思就ok
长难句分析:
- 在分析长难句的时候,只要见到有并列连词的出现,通常都会有省略,翻译的时候先把省略的部分找出来再翻译
- 分析长难句的第二步就是找连词,但是当连词的连接两个单词的时候,这个来连词就当作没看见
- 那如何查找省略的内容?
- 一句话只要有省略,就一定会省略在连词后,而不是连词前,----- 所以连词后面有的成分,连词前面通常有,(通常)如果连词后只有一个成分的话,连词前一定能找到它的对应成分;如果连词后有多个成分的话,连词前不一定都能找到对应成分,但至少能找到一个成分。------- 连词前面有,而连词后面没有的成分,便是省略的内容
练习:
Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
在这些问题得到解决之前,行为技术将继续遭到拒绝,而这可能是解决我们问题的唯一途径。
it:代词指代题 的做题方法,就近原则和一致原则
名词(短语)和名词性从句
一:名词能够充当的所有成分
①:名词充当主语:The movie looks terrific. (极好的,精彩的)
②:名词充当宾语:I admire his mother.
③:名词充当表语:Gump is a man.
④:名词充当同位语:I enjoy the part , the beginning.
同位语:
- 用来解释名词的成分就是同位语
I like Eason , a well-known singer from HongKong
I , a university students
My mother , a typical house wife , enjoy playing Mahjong , a chinese entertainment(娱乐活动)
- 只要在作文中见到名词,都可以有意识的在他的后面加个同位语,对该名词进行补充说明
坚持很重要:Persistence , an active mentality , (一种积极的心态) plays a critical role in the glories of all children and adults
同位语成分:
①:名词n.
②:代词
③:非 - 谓语动词 I enjoy the sports , running.
④:从句
二:什么是名词性从句
What I saw is attractive.(主语从句)
I appreciate what she said.(宾语从句)
Gump is who should learn from.(表语从句)
I enjoy the part that a feather is flying in the sky.(同位语从句)
- 名词在句子中能够充当的成分,从句都能充当,这就是名词性从句
三:名词性从句的引导词
他已经离婚了,是我的错:That He has got divorced is my fault
他已经离婚了吗?是显而易见的:Whether he has got divorced is obvious
他要和谁结婚呀?是一个秘密:Who he will marry is a secret
名词性从句的引导词是按照从句的类型分的类,一共把引导词分成三类:
①:that:当从句是陈述句时,并且that在从句中不充当任何成分
②:whether:当从句时一般疑问句时,并且whether在从句中也不不充当成分,意思是是否
③:所有的特殊疑问词:当从句是特殊疑问句时,
并且英语中所有的从句都一定是陈述句的形式,也就是 引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 的形式
练习:
我正在思考外星人存在吗? I am wondering whether aliens exist
女人总是对的,是一个常识. That Ladies tend to be right is remains common knowledge.
我的意思是,孝敬父母是中华民族的传统美德。My meaning seems that supporting the elderly remains a chinese conventional vintue (表语从句)
有一天,你会发现,事业、友情、亲情、都比爱情重要。Someday, one will perceive that career , kinship , and friendship prove more indeispensable than romance(爱情)(that引导的宾语从句)
关键是你什么时候有钱啊 The point seems when wealth will become available for you
名词性从句的考点分析
写作:
①:主语从句的满分表达就是:把主语从句放在句末,用it作形式主语
- It is / seems apparent that.... 显而易见 ,众所周知
- It looks beyond dispute that..... 显而易见,众所周知
- It has been widely accepted that.... 显而易见,众所周知
- It is universally acknowledged that.... 显而易见,众所周知
- It keeps my argument that..... 我认为(I think that)
主语从句的满分句型,可以写在作文中任何一句话的前面,用来拉长句子。
练习:
显而易见关于勤奋的这个话题引起了广泛的关注了 It looks beyond dispute that the issue about diligence has been brought into the limelight
②:同位语从句
他已经找到了一个女朋友,这件事使他的家人很开心 The matter that he managed to find a girlfriend makes his superiors rejoiced
同位语从句即可放在他所解释的名词后,也可以放在整句话的后面
没有什么能够掩盖这个事实,她正在变老,Nothing can hide the truth that she is getting old
河南人都是骗子这个想法是错误的 The outlook prove wrong that private individual in HN seem all deceivers
温室里的花朵不能经受风雨这个事实,表明我们不应该溺爱孩子 The evidence that flowers in the greanhouse fail to undergo storms, indicates that kids should by no means=(not) be spolied by thier senior citizens
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