绗簲绔?鑷畾涔夊簭鍒楃被
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鏍囩锛?a href='http://www.mamicode.com/so/1/coroutine' title='coroutine'>coroutine
metaclass 姒傚康 require expr Staff 鍒楄〃鎿嶄綔 澹版槑 鑰屼笖5.1 python涓殑搴忓垪鍒嗙被
搴忓垪鏄痯ython涓竴涓緢閲嶈鐨勫崗璁€?/p>
绗竴涓淮搴︼細
瀹瑰櫒搴忓垪(list銆乼uple銆乨eque)
瀹瑰櫒搴忓垪鍙互鏀?mark>浠绘剰
绫诲瀷鐨勬暟鎹紝鎵€浠ョ悊瑙ｄ负瀹瑰櫒my_list = []
my_list.append(1) # int
my_list.append("a") # str
print(my_list)
[1, 鈥榓鈥榏
鎵佸钩搴忓垪(str銆乥ytes銆乥ytearray銆乤rray.array)
str鏄簭鍒楃被鍨嬶紝鏈変釜鐗规€ф槸鍙互鐢╢or寰幆閬嶅巻銆?/p>
绗簩涓淮搴︼細
鍙彉搴忓垪(list銆乨eque銆乥ytearray銆乤rray)
涓嶅彲鍙樺簭鍒?str銆乼uple銆乥ytes)
5.2 搴忓垪绫诲瀷鐨刟bc缁ф壙鍏崇郴
璺熷鍣ㄧ浉鍏崇殑涓€浜涙暟鎹粨鏋勭殑鎶借薄鍩虹被閮芥槸鏀惧湪collections.abc閲岋紝鐐硅繘鍘荤湅
__all__ = ["Awaitable", "Coroutine",
"AsyncIterable", "AsyncIterator", "AsyncGenerator",
"Hashable", "Iterable", "Iterator", "Generator", "Reversible",
"Sized", "Container", "Callable", "Collection",
"Set", "MutableSet",
"Mapping", "MutableMapping",
"MappingView", "KeysView", "ItemsView", "ValuesView",
"Sequence", "MutableSequence",
"ByteString",
]
閲岄潰閮芥槸鎶借薄鍩虹被锛?quot;Sequence"(涓嶅彲鍙樺簭鍒楋級銆?"MutableSequence"(鍙彉搴忓垪)锛屾槸搴忓垪鐩稿叧鐨勬娊璞″熀绫汇€?/p>
鐐瑰嚮鍘籗equence鐪嬶紝鎵€鏈夐瓟娉曞嚱鏁版瀯鎴愪簡搴忓垪鍗忚锛?/p>
class Sequence(Reversible, Collection):
"""All the operations on a read-only sequence.
Concrete subclasses must override __new__ or __init__,
__getitem__, and __len__.
"""
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __getitem__(self, index):
raise IndexError
def __iter__(self):
i = 0
try:
while True:
v = self[i]
yield v
i += 1
except IndexError:
return
def __contains__(self, value):
for v in self:
if v is value or v == value:
return True
return False
def __reversed__(self):
for i in reversed(range(len(self))):
yield self[i]
Sequence缁ф壙浜嗕袱涓被锛孯eversible鏄暟鎹殑鍙嶈浆
鐐硅繘鍘荤湅Collection
class Collection(Sized, Iterable, Container):
__slots__ = ()
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Collection:
return _check_methods(C, "__len__", "__iter__", "__contains__")
return NotImplemented
缁ф壙浜嗕笁涓娊璞″熀绫籗ized, Iterable, Container
class Sized(metaclass=ABCMeta):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __len__(self):
return 0
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Sized:
return _check_methods(C, "__len__")
return NotImplemented
Sized瀹炵幇浜唋en鏂规硶锛岃繖鏍峰彲浠ヨ绠桟ollection鐨勯暱搴?/p>
class Iterable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __iter__(self):
while False:
yield None
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Iterable:
return _check_methods(C, "__iter__")
return NotImplemented
Iterable瀹炵幇浜嗚凯浠ｅ櫒锛屽彲浠ヨ繘琛宖or寰幆
class Container(metaclass=ABCMeta):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __contains__(self, x):
return False
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Container:
return _check_methods(C, "__contains__")
return NotImplemented
Container瀹炵幇浜哻ontains锛屽彲浠ヤ娇鐢╥f銆乮n鍒ゆ柇銆傚綋鐒跺鏋滀笉瀹炵幇contains锛屼娇鐢╣etitem榄旀硶鏂规硶锛屼篃鏄彲浠ョ敤if銆乮n鍒ゆ柇鐨勩€?/p>
鍐嶇湅MutableSequence(鍙彉鏁版嵁绫诲瀷):
class MutableSequence(Sequence):
__slots__ = ()
"""All the operations on a read-write sequence.
Concrete subclasses must provide __new__ or __init__,
__getitem__, __setitem__, __delitem__, __len__, and insert().
"""
@abstractmethod
def __setitem__(self, index, value):
raise IndexError
@abstractmethod
def __delitem__(self, index):
raise IndexError
......
閲岄潰鏈塻etitem銆乨elitem榄旀硶鍑芥暟锛屽垎鍒槸娣诲姞鍜屽垹闄わ紝杩樻湁寰堝鍏朵粬鐨勯瓟娉曞嚱鏁帮紝杩欎簺榄旀硶鍑芥暟鏋勬垚浜嗗簭鍒楃殑鍗忚銆?/p>
a = [1,2]
c = a + [3,4]
print(C)
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
+鍙互鎶婁袱涓猯ist鍋氳繛鎺ワ紝+=涔熷彲浠ユ妸涓や釜list鍋氳繛鎺?/p>
a = [1,2]
a += [3,4] # 灏卞湴鍔?print(a)
[1, 2, 3, 4]
+=杩樺彲浠ヨ繛鎺ュ垪琛ㄥ拰鍏冪粍
a = [1,2]
a += 锛?,4锛?# 灏卞湴鍔?print(a)
[1, 2, 3, 4]
杩樻槸涓€鏍风殑鏁堟灉锛屼絾濡傛灉鎶?涓殑鍒楄〃鏀逛负鍏冪粍
a = [1,2]
c = a + (3,4)
print(C)
c = a + (3,4)
TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "tuple") to list
浼氭姏鍑哄紓甯革紝鎵€浠?鍜?=鏈夊緢澶х殑鍖哄埆銆?/p>
+=涓彲浠ユ帴浠绘剰鐨勫簭鍒楃被鍨嬶紝+=鍏跺疄鏄€氳繃涓€涓瓟娉曞嚱鏁板疄鐜扮殑銆?/p>
MutableSequence(鍙彉搴忓垪绫诲瀷)閲岄潰鏈変釜__iadd__榄旀硶鍑芥暟锛?/p>
def __iadd__(self, values):
self.extend(values)
return self
璋冪敤鐨勬槸extend鏂规硶锛?/p>
def extend(self, values):
鈥楽.extend(iterable) -- extend sequence by appending elements from the iterable鈥? if values is self:
values = list(values)
for v in values:
self.append(v)
extend鎺ュ彈涓€涓獀alues锛岃皟鐢╢or寰幆锛屼换浣曞簭鍒楃被鍨嬮兘鍙互璋冪敤for寰幆锛岀劧鍚庝緷娆ppend杩涘垪琛ㄣ€?/p>
閭ｄ箞浣跨敤extend涔熸槸鍙互鐨勶細
a = [1,2]
a += (3,4)
a.extend(range(3))
print(a)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 0, 1, 2]
鍐嶈append鏂规硶锛屽拰extend鏄笉涓€鏍风殑
a = [1,2]
a.append([1,2])
a.append((3,4))
print(a)
[1, 2, [1, 2], (3, 4)]
append鏄妸鍒楄〃鍙樻垚浜嗕竴涓厓绱犲姞鍏ュ垪琛ㄤ腑锛岃€屼笉鏄凯浠ｉ噷闈㈢殑鍏冪礌锛屼緷娆″姞鍏ュ垪琛ㄤ腑銆?/p>
append涓嶄細鍘诲仛for寰幆銆?/p>
5.4 瀹炵幇鍙垏鐗囩殑瀵硅薄
鍏堢湅涓嬪垏鐗囨搷浣?/p>
#妯″紡[start:end:step]
"""
鍏朵腑锛岀涓€涓暟瀛梥tart琛ㄧず鍒囩墖寮€濮嬩綅缃紝榛樿涓?锛? 绗簩涓暟瀛梕nd琛ㄧず鍒囩墖鎴锛堜絾涓嶅寘鍚級浣嶇疆锛堥粯璁や负鍒楄〃闀垮害锛夛紱
绗笁涓暟瀛梥tep琛ㄧず鍒囩墖鐨勬闀匡紙榛樿涓?锛夈€? 褰搒tart涓?鏃跺彲浠ョ渷鐣ワ紝褰揺nd涓哄垪琛ㄩ暱搴︽椂鍙互鐪佺暐锛? 褰搒tep涓?鏃跺彲浠ョ渷鐣ワ紝骞朵笖鐪佺暐姝ラ暱鏃跺彲浠ュ悓鏃剁渷鐣ユ渶鍚庝竴涓啋鍙枫€? 鍙﹀锛屽綋step涓鸿礋鏁存暟鏃讹紝琛ㄧず鍙嶅悜鍒囩墖锛岃繖鏃秙tart搴旇姣攅nd鐨勫€艰澶ф墠琛屻€?"""
aList = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17]
print (aList[::]) # 杩斿洖鍖呭惈鍘熷垪琛ㄤ腑鎵€鏈夊厓绱犵殑鏂板垪琛?print (aList[::-1]) # 杩斿洖鍖呭惈鍘熷垪琛ㄤ腑鎵€鏈夊厓绱犵殑閫嗗簭鍒楄〃
print (aList[::2]) # 闅斾竴涓彇涓€涓紝鑾峰彇鍋舵暟浣嶇疆鐨勫厓绱?print (aList[1::2]) # 闅斾竴涓彇涓€涓紝鑾峰彇濂囨暟浣嶇疆鐨勫厓绱?print (aList[3:6]) # 鎸囧畾鍒囩墖鐨勫紑濮嬪拰缁撴潫浣嶇疆
aList[0:100] # 鍒囩墖缁撴潫浣嶇疆澶т簬鍒楄〃闀垮害鏃讹紝浠庡垪琛ㄥ熬閮ㄦ埅鏂?aList[100:] # 鍒囩墖寮€濮嬩綅缃ぇ浜庡垪琛ㄩ暱搴︽椂锛岃繑鍥炵┖鍒楄〃
[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17]
[17, 15, 13, 11, 9, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3]
[3, 5, 7, 11, 15]
[4, 6, 9, 13, 17]
[6, 7, 9]
[0, 2, 0, 4, 0, 6]
aList = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17]
aList[len(aList):] = [9] # 鍦ㄥ垪琛ㄥ熬閮ㄥ鍔犲厓绱?print("1-",aList)
aList[:0] = [1, 2] # 鍦ㄥ垪琛ㄥご閮ㄦ彃鍏ュ厓绱?print("2-",aList)
aList[3:3] = [4] # 鍦ㄥ垪琛ㄤ腑闂翠綅缃彃鍏ュ厓绱?print("3-",aList)
aList[:3] = [1, 2] # 鏇挎崲鍒楄〃鍏冪礌锛岀瓑鍙蜂袱杈圭殑鍒楄〃闀垮害鐩哥瓑
print("4-",aList)
aList[3:] = [4, 5, 6] # 绛夊彿涓よ竟鐨勫垪琛ㄩ暱搴︿篃鍙互涓嶇浉绛?print("5-",aList)
aList[::2] = [0] * 3 # 闅斾竴涓慨鏀逛竴涓?print ("6-",aList)
aList[::2] = [鈥榓鈥? 鈥榖鈥? 鈥榗鈥榏 # 闅斾竴涓慨鏀逛竴涓?print("7-",aList)
# aList[::2] = [1,2] # 宸︿晶鍒囩墖涓嶈繛缁紝绛夊彿涓よ竟鍒楄〃闀垮害蹇呴』鐩哥瓑
aList[:3] = [] # 鍒犻櫎鍒楄〃涓墠3涓厓绱?print("8-",aList)
del aList[:3] # 鍒囩墖鍏冪礌杩炵画
print("9-",aList)
del aList[::2] # 鍒囩墖鍏冪礌涓嶈繛缁紝闅斾竴涓垹涓€涓?print("10-",aList)
1- [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 9]
2- [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 9]
3- [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 9]
4- [1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 9]
5- [1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 6]
6- [0, 2, 0, 4, 0, 6]
7- [鈥榓鈥? 2, 鈥榖鈥? 4, 鈥榗鈥? 6]
8- [4, 鈥榗鈥? 6]
9- []
10- []
瀹炵幇涓€涓敮鎸佸垏鐗囩殑瀵硅薄(涓嶅彲鍙?锛屾牴鎹甋equence鎶借薄鍩虹被閲岀殑榄旀硶鍑芥暟銆?/p>
import numbers
class Group:
# 鏀寔鍒囩墖鎿嶄綔
def __init__(self, group_name, company_name, staffs): # 缁勫悕锛屽叕鍙稿悕锛屽憳宸? self.group_name = group_name
self.company_name = company_name
self.staffs = staffs # staffs鏄痩ist
def __reversed__(self):
self.staffs.reverse()
def __getitem__(self, item):
cls = type(self) # 鑾峰彇褰撳墠class
# 杩斿洖涓€涓狦roup绫诲瀷
if isinstance(item, slice):
return cls(group_name=self.group_name,
company_name=self.company_name,
staffs=self.staffs[item])
elif isinstance(item, numbers.Integral):
return cls(group_name=self.group_name,
company_name=self.company_name,
staffs=[self.staffs[item]])
def __len__(self):
return len(self.staffs)
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self.staffs)
def __contains__(self, item):
if item in self.staffs:
return True
else:
return False
staffs = ["bobby1", "imooc", "bobby2", "bobby3"]
group = Group(company_name="imooc", group_name="user", staffs=staffs)
# 鍒囩墖
sub_group = group[:2]
# 姹傞暱搴?print(len(group))
# is銆乮n鍒ゆ柇
if "bobby1" in group:
print ("yes")
# for 杩唬
for user in group:
print(user)
# 鍙嶈浆
reversed(group)
print(group.staffs)
4
yes
bobby1
imooc
bobby2
bobby3
[鈥榖obby3鈥? 鈥榖obby2鈥? 鈥榠mooc鈥? 鈥榖obby1鈥榏
Group鏄粍鐨勬蹇碉紝鍦ㄧ敓娲讳腑寰堝父瑙侊紝姣斿瀛︽牎鐨勫涔犵粍锛屽叕鍙哥殑閮ㄩ棬銆傚Group瀹炰緥鍒囩墖锛岃繑鍥炰竴涓狦roup绫诲瀷鐨勫璞°€?/p>
getitem鏄垏鐗囩殑鍏抽敭锛宨tem鍙互鏄竴涓猻lice瀵硅薄锛屼篃鍙互鏄竴涓猧nt銆?/p>
sub_group鏄竴涓狦roup绫诲瀷瀵硅薄銆?/p>
鏈塱nsort鍜宐isect锛宨nsort鏄敤鏉ユ彃鍏ョ殑銆?/p>
瀵规暟鎹粨鏋勪簡瑙ｇ殑璇濓紝瀵瑰凡鎺掑簭鐨勫簭鍒楋紝鏈変竴绉嶆煡鎵炬晥鐜囧緢楂樼殑绠楁硶鍙簩鍒嗘煡鎵撅紝bisect灏辨槸鐢ㄤ簩鍒嗘煡鎵炬潵缁存寔宸叉帓搴忓簭鍒楋紝鍖呮嫭鎻掑叆涓€涓暟鎹?insort)銆佹煡鎵炬暟鎹簲璇ユ彃鍏ヤ粈涔堜綅缃?bisect)銆?/p>
insort鏈変袱涓彉绉嶇殑鍑芥暟insort_right鍜宨nsort_left锛屾槸insort_right鐨勯粯璁?/p>
- insort_left锛氬鏋滄彃鍏ョ殑鏁版嵁鍦ㄥ簭鍒椾腑宸插瓨鍦紝鍒欐柊鏁版嵁鎻掑叆宸插瓨鍦ㄦ暟鎹箣鍓?/li>
- insort_right锛氬鏋滄彃鍏ョ殑鏁版嵁鍦ㄥ簭鍒椾腑宸插瓨鍦紝鍒欐柊鏁版嵁鎻掑叆宸插瓨鍦ㄦ暟鎹箣鍚?/li>
bisect涔熸湁涓や釜鍙樼鐨勫嚱鏁癰isect_left鍜宐isect_right锛屾槸bisect_right鐨勯粯璁?/p>
- bisect_left锛氫竴涓暟鎹彃鍏ュ簭鍒楃殑鏃跺€欙紝鎻掑叆浣嶇疆鍋氬乏杈瑰紑濮嬭绠?/li>
- bisect_right锛氫竴涓暟鎹彃鍏ュ簭鍒楃殑鏃跺€欙紝鎻掑叆浣嶇疆鍋氬彸杈瑰紑濮嬭绠?/li>
import bisect
#鐢ㄦ潵澶勭悊宸叉帓搴忕殑搴忓垪锛岀敤鏉ョ淮鎸佸凡鎺掑簭鐨勫簭鍒楋紝 鍗囧簭
#浜屽垎鏌ユ壘
inter_list = []
bisect.insort(inter_list, 3)
bisect.insort(inter_list, 2)
bisect.insort(inter_list, 5)
bisect.insort(inter_list, 1)
bisect.insort(inter_list, 6)
print(inter_list)
[1, 2, 3, 5, 6]
杩斿洖涓€涓帓搴忕殑搴忓垪锛屾墍浠ュ鏋滆缁存姢涓€涓帓搴忓ソ鐨勫簭鍒楋紝寤鸿浣跨敤bisect鎻掑叆鏁版嵁锛岃€屼笖浜屽垎鏌ユ€ц兘寰堥珮銆?/p>
print(bisect.bisect(inter_list, 3))
print(bisect.bisect_left(inter_list, 3))
3
2
鍙互鐭ラ亾3鍦ㄥ簭鍒椾腑搴旇鎻掑叆鐨勪綅缃槸浠€涔堛€?/p>
鍐嶆潵鐪嬩竴涓媋rray锛屼篃鏄敤c璇█鍐欑殑銆?/p>
array鍜宭ist鐨勪竴涓噸瑕佸尯鍒紝 array鍙兘瀛樻斁鎸囧畾鐨勬暟鎹被鍨嬨€俵ist鏄竴涓鍣紝鍙互瀛樻斁浠讳綍绫诲瀷鐨勬暟鎹紝浣嗘槸array鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄧ殑鏃跺€欎竴寮€濮嬪氨瑕佸０鏄庡瓨鏀剧殑鏁版嵁绫诲瀷锛屽苟涓斾箣鍚庝篃鍙兘瀛樺偍瀵瑰簲绫诲瀷鐨勬暟鎹€?/p>
array涔熸湁寰堝鏂规硶锛屾湁寰堝璺焞ist鏄竴鏍风殑銆?/p>
import array
my_array = array.array("i") # int绫诲瀷
my_array.append(1)
my_array.append("abc")
array(鈥榠鈥? [1])
my_array.append("abc")
TypeError: an integer is required (got type str)
瀛樻斁闈瀒nt鏁版嵁浼氭姤閿欍€?/p>
5.7 鍒楄〃鐢熸垚寮忋€佺敓鎴愬櫒琛ㄨ揪寮忋€佸瓧鍏告帹瀵煎紡
鍒楄〃鐢熸垚寮忥細鐢ㄤ竴琛屼唬鐮佺敓鎴愬垪琛紝鎬ц兘楂樹簬鍒楄〃鎿嶄綔
姣斿瑕佹彁鍙栧嚭1-20涔嬮棿鐨勫鏁帮紝鐢╢or寰幆鍙互瀹炵幇
odd_list = []
for i in range(21):
if i %2 == 1 :
odd_list.append(i)
print(odd_list)
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19]
閭ｄ娇鐢ㄥ垪琛ㄧ敓鎴愬紡鍛紵
odd_list= [ i for i in range(21) if i % 2 == 1]
print(odd_list)
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19]
姣斿閫昏緫澶嶆潅鐨勬儏鍐碉紝瀵瑰鏁板彇骞虫柟
def handle_time(item):
return item * item
odd_list = [handle_time(i) for i in range(21) if i % 2 == 1]
print(odd_list)
[1, 9, 25, 49, 81, 121, 169, 225, 289, 361]
鐢熸垚鍣ㄨ〃杈惧紡锛氬彲杩唬
odd_list= ( i for i in range(21) if i % 2 == 1)
print(odd_list)
for item in odd_list:
print(item)
<generator object <genexpr> at 0x0000020492C46C80>
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
瀛楀吀鎺ㄥ寮?/strong>
姣斿鍙嶈浆瀛楀吀key锛寁alue鐨勪綅缃?/p>
my_dict = {"bobby1":22,"bobby2":23,"imooc":5}
reversed_dict = {value:key for key,value in my_dict.items()}
print(reversed_dict)
{22: 鈥榖obby1鈥? 23: 鈥榖obby2鈥? 5: 鈥榠mooc鈥榼
闆嗗悎鎺ㄥ寮?/strong>
my_dict = {"bobby1":22,"bobby2":23,"imooc":5}
my_set = {key for key,value in my_dict.items()}
print(my_set)
{鈥榖obby2鈥? 鈥榖obby1鈥? 鈥榠mooc鈥榼
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