Cenos6超20TB磁盘的分区格式化！

Posted 2020-12-16

一、服务器环境配置：

1、检查磁盘分区：：

　　近期项目有个服务从虚拟机迁移到物理机，服务磁盘用户自己做了raid为3.8TB2块磁盘配置 Raid1然后又3.8TB6块磁盘配置了Raid5，安装操作系统使用的sda 3.8TB空间的raid1已分区。3.8TB*6的磁盘sdb共20TB的空间需要分区，并挂载给系统做存储使用。步骤如下:

1.1查询确认sdb状态：

# fdisk -l
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on ‘/dev/sda‘! The util fdisk doesn‘t support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sda: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1      267350  2147483647+  ee  GPT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on ‘/dev/sdb‘! The util fdisk doesn‘t support GPT. Use GNU Parted
Disk /dev/sdb: 20001.1 GB, 20001125826560 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2431665 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1      267350  2147483647+  ee  GPT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol00: 2531.7 GB, 2531690283008 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 307793 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol01: 1468.0 GB, 1468006400000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 178474 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

1.2、sdb磁盘分区：

# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 2.1
使用 /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type ‘help‘ to view a list of commands.                                              
(parted) print       #查看当前分区                                             
Model: LSI MRSASRoMB-8i (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 20.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  标志

(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%        #将磁盘所有空间分为一个区                                                       
(parted) print           #再次查询磁盘分区                                                 
Model: LSI MRSASRoMB-8i (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 20.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     标志
 1      1049kB  20.0TB  20.0TB               primary                                                                  
(parted) quit                                                             
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.                                

1.3、正确格式化的方法：

a、使用mkfs命令（如下）格式化是无法格式化的，检查为mkfs.ext4无法格式化16TB以上的分区，原因为Centos6.10 e2fsprogs版本为1.41.12，需升级为1.42版本

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1         #无法如此格式化

b、升级e2fsprogs版本：

tar zvxf e2fsprogs-1.42.10.tar.gz 
cd e2fsprogs-1.42.10
mkdir build
cd build/
../configure 
make
make install    ##如有“忽略”错误正常。

c、查询需要分区的扇区大小

# df -h
Disk /dev/sdb: 20001.1 GB, 20001125826560 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2431665 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1      267350  2147483647+  ee  GPT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

d、对磁盘重新格式化命令如下：

# mke2fs -O 64bit,has_journal,extents,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize -i 267350 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.10 (18-May-2014)

Warning: the fs_type huge is not defined in mke2fs.conf

Creating filesystem with 4883086848 4k blocks and 76298240 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 74dabc93-177b-4531-aab9-e55a1e2efe9d
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
    4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
    102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632, 
    2560000000, 3855122432

Allocating group tables: 完成                            
正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成         

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or           ##提示180天问题
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

e、解决180天问题

# tune2fs -i  3650d /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.42.10 (18-May-2014)
Setting interval between checks to 315360000 seconds

#确认时间正确
# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.42.10 (18-May-2014)
Filesystem volume name:   <none>
Last mounted on:          <not available>
Filesystem UUID:          74dabc93-177b-4531-aab9-e55a1e2efe9d
Filesystem magic number:  0xEF53
Filesystem revision #:    1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features:      has_journal ext_attr dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags:         signed_directory_hash 
Default mount options:    user_xattr acl
Filesystem state:         clean
Errors behavior:          Continue
Filesystem OS type:       Linux
Inode count:              76298240
Block count:              4883086848
Reserved block count:     244154342
Free blocks:              4877929145
Free inodes:              76298229
First block:              0
Block size:               4096
Fragment size:            4096
Group descriptor size:    64
Blocks per group:         32768
Fragments per group:      32768
Inodes per group:         512
Inode blocks per group:   32
Flex block group size:    16
Filesystem created:       Fri Jun  5 17:08:54 2020
Last mount time:          Fri Jun  5 17:14:34 2020
Last write time:          Fri Jun  5 17:15:58 2020
Mount count:              1
Maximum mount count:      34
Last checked:             Fri Jun  5 17:08:54 2020                      ##开始时间
Check interval:           315360000 (121 months, 2 weeks, 6 days)
Next check after:         Mon Jun  3 17:08:54 2030                      ##最终时间
Lifetime writes:          349 MB
Reserved blocks uid:      0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid:      0 (group root)
First inode:              11
Inode size:           256
Required extra isize:     28
Desired extra isize:      28
Journal inode:            8
Default directory hash:   half_md4
Directory Hash Seed:      0f4e7ee0-4aec-41cf-b81a-7d5a4ed045c4
Journal backup:           inode blocks

1.4、挂载磁盘：

a、挂载磁盘

# cd /
# mkdir data
# mount /dev/sdb1 /data
# df -Th
Filesystem           Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol00
                     ext4   2.3T   12G  2.2T   1% /
tmpfs                tmpfs   32G  144K   32G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1            ext4   477M   41M  412M   9% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol01
                     ext4   1.4T   70M  1.3T   1% /home
/dev/sdb1            ext4    19T   20K   18T   1% /data

b、设置开机挂载
在文件尾部增加一行如下内容，需注意实际的文件路径。

vim /etc/fstab

/dev/sdb1               /data                   ext4    defaults        0 0