让 http 服务人类

Posted 2020-12-14 yijierui

1、发送请求

import requests
r = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
print(r)
r = requests.post(‘http://httpbin.org/post‘, data = {‘key‘:‘value‘})
print(r)
"""output:<Response [200]>
"""

2、传递URL参数。如果你想传递 key1=value1 和 key2=value2 到https://www.baidu.com/，Requests 允许你使用 params 关键字参数，以一个字符串字典来提供这些参数。

import requests
payload = {"key1":"value1", "key2":"value2"}
r = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com/", params=payload)
print(r.url)
"""output:https://www.baidu.com/?key1=value1&key2=value2
"""

3 、响应内容

import requests
r = requests.get(‘https://leetcode-cn.com/‘)
print(r.text)

4、定制请求头：如果你想为请求添加 HTTP 头部，只要简单地传递一个 dict 给 headers 参数就可以了。

import requests

url = "https://leetcode-cn.com/"
headers = {‘user-agent‘: ‘my-app/0.0.1‘}
r = requests.get(url, headers = headers)
print(r.headers)

5、发送一些编码为表单形式的数据，要实现这个，只需简单地传递一个字典给 data 参数。你的数据字典在发出请求时会自动编码为表单形式。

import requests

payload = {‘key1‘:‘value‘,‘key2‘:‘value2‘}
r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
print(r.text)
"""
output: "form": {
"key1": "value",
"key2": "value2"
},
"""

6、检测响应码。

import requests

r = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
print(r.status_code)
"""
output:200

import requests

bad_r = requests.get(‘http://httpbin.org/status/404‘)
print(bad_r.status_code)
print(bad_r.raise_for_status())
"""
output:404
output:requests.exceptions.HTTPError: 404 Client Error
"""

7、响应头。

import requests
r = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
print(r.headers["content-type"])
"""
output:text/html
"""