Pygame初步-AlienInvasion部分代码 2018/07/20

Posted 2020-12-05 yangfan2018

AlienInvasion.py
 1 """
 2 BlackAlien名称是因为飞船是黑色的
 3 该文件是alien invasion的主程序
 4 """
 5 
 6 from settings import Settings
 7 from ship import Ship
 8 from game_function import *
 9 from pygame.sprite import Group
10 from bullet import *
11 from game_stats import GameStats
12 
13 
14 def run_game():
15     pygame.init()
16     settings = Settings()
17     screen = pygame.display.set_mode((settings.screen_width, settings.screen_height))
18     ship = Ship(screen)
19     bullets = Group()
20     aliens = Group()
21     stats = GameStats(settings)
22 
23     pygame.display.set_caption(‘Alien invasion‘)
24     screen.fill(settings.screen_bg_color)
25     create_fleet(settings, screen, aliens, ship)
26 
27     while True:
28         check_events(settings, screen, ship, bullets)
29 
30         if stats.game_active:
31             ship.update_ship(settings)
32             update_bullets(bullets, aliens, settings, screen, ship)
33             update_screen(settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens)
34             update_aliens(settings, aliens, ship, stats, bullets, screen)
35             bullets.update()
36 
37 run_game()

alien.py 
1 import pygame
 2 from pygame.sprite import Sprite
 3 
 4 
 5 class Alien(Sprite):
 6     """
 7     创建的外星人的类
 8     """
 9 
10     def __init__(self, ai_setting, screen):
11         super().__init__()
12 
13         self.screen = screen
14         self.ai_setting = ai_setting
15 
16         # 加载图像
17         self.image = pygame.image.load(‘images/alien.png‘)
18         self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
19 
20         # 设置外星人的位置
21         self.rect.x = self.ai_setting.screen_width - self.rect.width*2
22         self.rect.y = self.rect.height
23         # rect(self.rect.height, self.rect.width)
24 
25     def blitme(self):
26         self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
27 
28     def check_edges(self):
29         """
30         检查alien是否碰触到屏幕的边缘
31         :return:
32         """
33         screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
34         if self.rect.top <= 0:
35             return True
36         elif self.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
37             return True
38 
39     def update(self):
40         self.rect.y += self.ai_setting.alien_move_speed_factor * self.ai_setting.fleet_move_direction

bullet.py 
1 """
 2 定义bullte对象,通过调用Sprite
 3 """
 4 import pygame
 5 from pygame.sprite import Sprite
 6 
 7 
 8 class Bullet(Sprite):
 9     def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):
10         super().__init__()
11         self.screen = screen
12 
13         # 先创建一个子弹，然后放到固定的位置
14         self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_settings.bullet_width, ai_settings.bullet_height)
15         self.rect.centery = ship.rect.centery
16         self.rect.left = ship.rect.right
17         self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
18         self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
19 
20     def update(self):
21         """
22         更新子弹的位置
23         :return: 0
24         """
25         self.rect.x += self.speed_factor
26 
27     def draw_bullet(self):
28         pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)

game_function.py  
1 import pygame
  2 import sys
  3 from bullet import Bullet
  4 from alien import Alien
  5 from time import sleep
  6 
  7 
  8 """用于执行游戏的功能
  9     1.用于检测按键事件，按上键向上边移动，按下键向下边移动
 10     2.防止飞船移动出主窗口；
 11     3.可以设置飞船的移动速度；
 12 """
 13 
 14 
 15 def check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
 16     for event in pygame.event.get():
 17         # 通过循环来不停获取事件
 18 
 19         # 1.退出的情况
 20         if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
 21             sys.exit()
 22         # 2.按下按键的情况
 23         elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
 24             check_key_down(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
 25         # 3.按键弹起来的情况
 26         elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
 27             check_key_up(event, ship)
 28 
 29 
 30 def check_key_down(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
 31     """处理按下按键的情况"""
 32     if event.key == pygame.K_q:
 33         sys.exit()
 34     elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
 35         ship.up_moving = True
 36     elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
 37         ship.down_moving = True
 38     elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
 39         # 创建一个bullet的对象,限制子弹的数量
 40         if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullet_allowed:
 41             new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
 42             bullets.add(new_bullet)
 43 
 44 
 45 def check_key_up(event, ship):
 46     """处理按键弹起的情况"""
 47     if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
 48         ship.up_moving = False
 49     elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
 50         ship.down_moving = False
 51 
 52 
 53 def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens):
 54     screen.fill(ai_settings.screen_bg_color)
 55     ship.blit_black_ship()
 56     aliens.draw(screen)
 57 
 58     # 在飞船和外星人后面绘制所有的子弹
 59     for bullet in bullets.sprites():
 60         bullet.draw_bullet()
 61 
 62     pygame.display.flip()
 63 
 64 
 65 def update_bullets(bullets, aliens, ai_settings, screen, ship):
 66     bullets.update()
 67     # 删除已经消失的子弹
 68     for bullet in bullets.copy():
 69         if bullet.rect.left > ai_settings.screen_width:
 70             bullets.remove(bullet)
 71 
 72     check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens, bullets)
 73 
 74 
 75 def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens, bullets):
 76     # 检查是否有子弹击中alien，击中删除两个
 77     pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)
 78 
 79     # 如果外星人为空，就创建一波新的外星人
 80     if len(aliens) == 0:
 81         bullets.empty()
 82         create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, aliens, ship)
 83 
 84 
 85 def get_alien_number(ai_settings, alien_height):
 86     """
 87     获取能够容纳的外星人的个数
 88     :param ai_settings:
 89     :param alien_height:
 90     :return:
 91     """
 92     available_space_y = ai_settings.screen_height - 2 * alien_height
 93     number_alien_y = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
 94     return number_alien_y
 95 
 96 
 97 def get_alien_row(ai_settings, ship_width, alien_width):
 98     """
 99     :param ai_settings:
100     :param alien_width:
101     :return: 可以容纳的列=screen_width-ship_width-aline_width*3 (预留2倍的外星人的宽度+右边外星人的宽度)
102     """
103     alien_num_in_row = int((ai_settings.screen_width - ship_width - 15*alien_width)/(2*alien_width))
104     return alien_num_in_row
105 
106 
107 def create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number,row):
108     """
109     :param ai_settings:
110     :param screen:
111     :param aliens:
112     :param alien_number
113     :return:
114     """
115     alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
116     alien_height = alien.rect.height
117 
118     alien.rect.y = alien_height + alien_number*alien.rect.height*2
119 
120     # 每次都要更新x 坐标的值
121     alien.rect.x = ai_settings.screen_width - alien.rect.width*row*2
122     aliens.add(alien)
123 
124 
125 def create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, aliens, ship):
126     """ 创建外星人群"""
127     ‘‘‘创建一个外星人，并且计算可以容纳多少个‘‘‘
128     ‘‘‘外星人间距为外星人的宽度‘‘‘
129     alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
130     alien_height = alien.rect.height
131     alien_numbers = get_alien_number(ai_settings, alien_height)
132 
133     # 确认可以容纳多少个row的外星人
134     ship_width = ship.rect.width
135     alien_width = alien.rect.width
136     alien_num_in_row = get_alien_row(ai_settings, ship_width, alien_width)
137     # print("可用的row",alien_num_in_row,sep=‘ | ‘)
138 
139     for row in range(1, alien_num_in_row+1):
140         for alien_number in range(alien_numbers):
141             create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row)
142 
143 
144 def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens):
145     """
146     检查fleet中是否有超过screen的，如果只要有一个就改变整个队列的方向
147     :return:
148     """
149     for alien in aliens.sprites():
150         if alien.check_edges():
151             change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)
152             break
153 
154 
155 def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens):
156     ai_settings.fleet_move_direction *= -1
157 
158     # 向下移动一格
159     for alien in aliens.sprites():
160         alien.rect.x -= ai_settings.alien_drop_speed_factor
161 
162 
163 def update_aliens(ai_settings, aliens, ship, stats, bullets, screen):
164     if check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens):
165         change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)
166 
167     ship_hit(ai_settings, ship, stats, bullets, screen, aliens)
168 
169 
170 def ship_hit(ai_settings, ship, stats, bullets, screen, aliens):
171     aliens.update()
172 
173     # 检测外星人是否和飞船相撞,以及是否到达了底部
174     if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship, aliens) or check_aliens_reach_bottom(aliens, screen):
175         stats.ship_left -= 1
176         print("Ship hit!!!")
177 
178         # 一旦撞上后就清空外星人和子弹，然后重建外星人，并且将飞船放置到中间的位置
179         aliens.empty()
180         bullets.empty()
181         sleep(0.5)
182         ship.rect.y = ai_settings.screen_height/2
183         create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, aliens, ship)
184 
185         if stats.ship_left == 0:
186             print("GAME OVER!")
187             stats.game_active = False
188 
189 
190 def check_aliens_reach_bottom(aliens, screen):
191     """检查飞船是否到达了底部"""
192     screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
193     for alien in aliens.sprites():
194         while alien.rect.left <= screen_rect.left:
195             print("超过范围！")
196             return True
197     else:
198         return False

game_stats.py 
1 class GameStats(object):
 2     """
 3     用于记录游戏中的各个状态
 4     """
 5 
 6     def __init__(self, ai_settings):
 7         self.ai_settings = ai_settings
 8         self.ship_left = ai_settings.ship_limit
 9         self.reset_stats()
10         self.game_active = True
11 
12     def reset_stats(self):
13         """初始化游戏初期的各个参数"""
14 
15         self.ship_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit

settings.py 
1 """
 2 This file stores the parameters of all elements.
 3 1. screen parameters;
 4 2. ship parameters;
 5 3. bullet parameters;
 6 该类只是用来存储用到的数据
 7 """
 8 
 9 
10 class Settings(object):
11     """Store configuration parameters"""
12 
13     def __init__(self):
14         # Screen configuration
15         self.caption = ‘Alien invasion‘
16         self.screen_width = 800
17         self.screen_height = 600
18         self.screen_bg_color = 255, 255, 255
19         self.ship_move_speed = 1.5
20         self.bullet_speed_factor = 2
21         self.bullet_width = 10
22         self.bullet_height = 300
23         self.bullet_color = 255, 0, 0
24         self.bullet_allowed = 3
25         self.alien_move_speed_factor = 1
26         self.fleet_move_direction = 1
27         self.alien_drop_speed_factor = 50
28         self.ship_limit = 3

ship.py 
1 """
 2 Description of ship
 3 """
 4 import pygame
 5 
 6 
 7 class Ship(object):
 8     """Ship class"""
 9     def __init__(self, screen):
10         """Initiate ship"""
11         self.screen = screen
12         self.black_ship_image = pygame.image.load(‘images/black_ship.png‘)  # 这里注意路径image前面没有/
13         # Get screen and ship rect
14         self.rect = self.black_ship_image.get_rect()
15         self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
16         self.up_moving = False
17         self.down_moving = False
18 
19         # Set position of ship
20         self.rect.left = self.screen_rect.left
21         self.rect.centery = self.screen_rect.centery
22 
23         # 用于来保存小数
24         self.temp_centery = float(self.screen_rect.centery)
25 
26     def blit_black_ship(self):
27         """Display ship on the screen"""
28         self.screen.blit(self.black_ship_image, self.rect)
29 
30     def update_ship(self, settings):
31         """用户更新飞船的位置"""
32         if self.up_moving and self.rect.top > 0:
33             self.temp_centery -= float(settings.ship_move_speed)
34             self.rect.centery = self.temp_centery
35             # print(self.rect.centery)
36 
37         if self.down_moving and self.rect.bottom < self.screen_rect.bottom:
38             self.temp_centery += float(settings.ship_move_speed)
39             self.rect.centery = self.temp_centery
40             # print(self.rect.centery)

运行的效果如下：

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先到这里，后续有空再更新游戏开始、积分等功能 :)