Scrapy抓取起点中文网排行榜

Posted 2020-12-05 alfred-ou

项目名称：qidian

项目描述：利用scrapy抓取七点中文网的“完本榜”总榜的500本小说，抓取内容包括：小说名称，作者，类别，然后保存为CSV文件

目标URL：https://www.qidian.com/rank/fin?style=1

项目需求：

　　1.小说名称

　　2.作者

　　3.小说类别

第一步：在shell中创建项目

scrapy startproject qidian

第二步：根据项目需求编辑items.py

1 #-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2 import scrapy
3 
4 class QidianItem(scrapy.Item):
5     name = scrapy.Field()
6     author = scrapy.Field()
7     category = scrapy.Field()

第三步：进行页面分析，利用xpath或者css提取数据，创建并编辑spider.py

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 import scrapy
 3 from ..items import QidianItem
 4 
 5 class QidianSpider(scrapy.Spider):
 6     name = ‘qidian‘
 7     start_urls = [‘https://www.qidian.com/rank/fin?style=1&dateType=3‘]
 8 
 9     def parse(self, response):
10         sel = response.xpath(‘//div[@class="book-mid-info"]‘)
11         for i in sel:
12             name = i.xpath(‘./h4/a/text()‘).extract_first()
13             author = i.xpath(‘./p[@class="author"]/a[1]/text()‘).extract_first()
14             category = i.xpath(‘./p[@class="author"]/a[last()]/text()‘).extract_first()
15             item = QidianItem()
16             item[‘name‘] = name
17             item[‘author‘] = author
18             item[‘category‘] = category
19             yield item

　　上面这里是一页的数据，接下来抓取一下页的连接（因为项目过于小巧，我认为没必要用到一些高大上的方法来实现，直接观察URL的构造规律就可以简单写出代码），下面是spider.py的完整代码

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 import scrapy
 3 from ..items import QidianItem
 4 
 5 class QidianSpider(scrapy.Spider):
 6     name = ‘qidian‘
 7     start_urls = [‘https://www.qidian.com/rank/fin?style=1&dateType=3‘]
 8     n = 1 #第一页
 9 
10     def parse(self, response):
11         sel = response.xpath(‘//div[@class="book-mid-info"]‘)
12         for i in sel:
13             name = i.xpath(‘./h4/a/text()‘).extract_first()
14             author = i.xpath(‘./p[@class="author"]/a[1]/text()‘).extract_first()
15             category = i.xpath(‘./p[@class="author"]/a[last()]/text()‘).extract_first()
16             item = QidianItem()
17             item[‘name‘] = name
18             item[‘author‘] = author
19             item[‘category‘] = category
20             yield item
21
22         if self.n < 25:
23             self.n += 1 #n表示页码
24             next_url = ‘https://www.qidian.com/rank/fin?style=1&dateType=3&page=%d‘ % self.n
25             yield scrapy.Request(next_url, callback = parse)

第四步：启动爬虫并保存数据

scrapy crawl qidian -o qidian.csv