查询INFORMATION_SCHEMA表很慢的性能优化
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最近发现,我们有些环境的tomcat应用启动非常缓慢,大部分在3-5分钟,有个测试环境更加阶段,要十几分钟才能启动完成。经过仔细分析,是一个查询INFORMATION_SCHEMA库中数据字典信息的查询异常缓慢,该语句如下:
SELECT c.COLUMN_NAME, c.TABLE_NAME FROM information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS AS t, information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS c WHERE t.TABLE_NAME = c.TABLE_NAME AND t.TABLE_SCHEMA = c.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA AND t.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = ‘hs_tatrade2‘ AND t.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = ‘PRIMARY KEY‘
以前从来都没遇到这种问题,也很少关心mysql数据字典查询的性能问题,因为几乎没有遇到过。
查看show processlist,一直在after opening table等待。。。。
看了下执行计划以及information_schema中表结构的定义,因为都是内存表,都没有索引,这两张表都只有数百条记录,按说即使没有索引也不会这么慢。。。
经网上搜寻,有人有不少帖子提及是因为innodb_stats_on_metadata=ON导致查询information_schema时更新统计信息的原因。经测试,不是这个原因(其实,我现在相信网上80%以上的所谓分析帖子都是理论上的测试,并不是真正遇到,尤其是所谓的很多专家)。
再次寻找到mysql官方文档,https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/information-schema-optimization.html,如下:
8.2.3 Optimizing INFORMATION_SCHEMA Queries
1) Try to use constant lookup values for database and table names in the WHERE
clause
You can take advantage of this principle as follows:
-
To look up databases or tables, use expressions that evaluate to a constant, such as literal values, functions that return a constant, or scalar subqueries.
-
Avoid queries that use a nonconstant database name lookup value (or no lookup value) because they require a scan of the data directory to find matching database directory names.
-
Within a database, avoid queries that use a nonconstant table name lookup value (or no lookup value) because they require a scan of the database directory to find matching table files.
This principle applies to the INFORMATION_SCHEMA
tables shown in the following table, which shows the columns for which a constant lookup value enables the server to avoid a directory scan. For example, if you are selecting from TABLES
, using a constant lookup value for TABLE_SCHEMA
in the WHERE
clause enables a data directory scan to be avoided.
Table | Column to specify to avoid data directory scan | Column to specify to avoid database directory scan |
---|---|---|
COLUMNS |
TABLE_SCHEMA |
TABLE_NAME |
KEY_COLUMN_USAGE |
TABLE_SCHEMA |
TABLE_NAME |
PARTITIONS |
TABLE_SCHEMA |
TABLE_NAME |
REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS |
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA |
TABLE_NAME |
STATISTICS |
TABLE_SCHEMA |
TABLE_NAME |
TABLES |
TABLE_SCHEMA |
TABLE_NAME |
TABLE_CONSTRAINTS |
TABLE_SCHEMA |
TABLE_NAME |
TRIGGERS |
EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA |
EVENT_OBJECT_TABLE |
VIEWS |
TABLE_SCHEMA |
TABLE_NAME |
意思就是查询上述这些表的时候,务必带上TABLE_SCHEMA=或者XXX_SCHEMA,以避免数据目录扫描。而我们的场景刚好是TABLE_CONSTRAINTS没有使用TABLE_SCHEMA,虽然关联使用了TABLE_SCHEMA,但这是没有用的。
经过将SQL更改为如下:
SELECT c.COLUMN_NAME, c.TABLE_NAME FROM information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS AS t, information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS c WHERE t.TABLE_NAME = c.TABLE_NAME AND t.TABLE_SCHEMA = c.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA AND t.TABLE_SCHEMA = ‘hs_tatrade2‘ AND c.TABLE_SCHEMA = ‘hs_tatrade2‘ AND t.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = ‘PRIMARY KEY‘
瞬间就飞快了。
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