2018-07-06 第二十二次课

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第二十二次课 LNMP(三)


目录
一、nginx负载均衡
二、ssl原理
三、生成ssl密钥对
四、Nginx配置ssl
五、php-fpm的pool
六、php-fpm慢执行日志
七、open_basedir
八、php-fpm进程管理
九、扩展


一、Nginx负载均衡

nginx的负载均衡实现过程如下

1.在vhost下添加配置文件proxy.conf

[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/proxy.conf
//添加如下内容
//upstream指定后端服务器列表
upstream qq_com
{
    ip_hash;
    //注意,无法实现ssl连接的负载均衡,即443端口的负载均衡。
    //服务器的ip是真实的www.qq.com的服务器ip,可通过dig命令获得。
    //dig命令的安装:yum -y install bind-utils
    server 111.161.64.40:80;
    server 111.161.64.48:80;
}
server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.qq.com;
    location /
    {
        proxy_pass      http://qq_com;
        proxy_set_header Host   $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP      $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}

//未重启配置的情况情测试访问www.qq.com,访问的是默认主页bbb.com
[[email protected] ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.qq.com 
I am bbb.com

//重新加载配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

//再次测试访问www.qq.com,返回的是真实的www.qq.com的首页代码。说明代理设置成功。
[[email protected] ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.qq.com 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=gb2312" http-equiv="Content-Type">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="cNitg6enc2">
<title>????</title>

...中间略...

        s.parentNode.insertBefore(mta, s);
    })();
    </script>
</body>
</html><!--[if !IE]>|xGv00|f7b3dea4efd93bda0aee0db548e81e53<![endif]-->[[email protected] ~]# 


二、ssl原理

ssl的原理如下图所示

技术分享图片

过程如下:

1.客户端向服务器发起https请求

2.服务器本身需要有一套数字证书(可向互联上受信任的证书颁发机构申请,收费。也可以自己生成证书,但是不会被浏览器信任,所以需要客户端验证通过,才可以继续访问。)

3.服务器收到https请求后会将公钥传给客户端。

4.客户端浏览器收到公钥后会进行合法性验证。如果证书无效会显示警告信息。如果是有效的证书,则会产生一串随机字符串,并用收到的公钥加密。

5.客户端将加密码的随机字符串传回服务器。服务器端用私钥解密,获得这串随机字符串,服务器端再用这串随机字符串加密传输的数据。(这时候的加密方式称为对称加密,服务器加密数据和客户户解密数据用的同一把钥匙,即这串随机字符串。)

6.服务器端将加密后的数据发送给客户端,客户端收到数据后用同一把钥匙(即随机字符串解密)将数据解密。


三、生成ssl密钥对

因为向互联上受信任的证书颁发机构申请证书是收费的,我们是仅仅是测试环境,可以手动生成自己的证书。

过程如下

1.证书的生成需要安装openssl包,如果没有,可以用yum安装

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install openssl

2.生成密码对

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
//生成私钥tmp.key
[[email protected] conf]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out tmp.key
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
........................+++
...+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
//一定要输入密码,否则过不去
Enter pass phrase for tmp.key:
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for tmp.key:
//转换key,取消密码
[[email protected] conf]#  openssl rsa -in tmp.key -out user01.key 
Enter pass phrase for tmp.key:
writing RSA key
[[email protected] conf]# rm -f tmp.key 
//生成证书请求文件,需要用这个文件和私钥一起生成公钥
[[email protected] conf]#  openssl req -new -key user01.key -out user01.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:86
State or Province Name (full name) []:guangdong
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:jieyang
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []:authtest.com                 
Email Address []:[email protected]

Please enter the following ‘extra‘ attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
//生成名为user01.crt的公钥
[[email protected] conf]# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in user01.csr -signkey user01.key -out user01.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=86/ST=guangdong/L=jieyang/O=Default Company Ltd/CN=authtest.com/[email protected]
Getting Private key


四、Nginx配置ssl

这里以authtest.com为例使用自己颁发的证书来配置ssl安全访问

1.首先检查一下nginx是否已经编译了ssl的支持

[[email protected] conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.14.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
//如果没有--with-http_ssl_module,需要重新编译nginx
configure arguments: --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

2.增加配置文件ssl.conf

[[email protected] conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/ssl.conf
//内容如下
erver
{
    listen 443;
    server_name authtest.com;
    index index.html index.php;
    root /usr/local/nginx/html/authtest.com;
    ssl on;
    ssl_certificate user01.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key user01.key;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
}

[[email protected] conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[[email protected] conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
//防火墙放行443端口的访问
[[email protected] conf]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=443/tcp
success
[[email protected] conf]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=443/tcp --permanent 
success

//本地测试
//本地添加host解析
[[email protected] conf]# echo "127.0.0.1  authtest.com" >> /etc/hosts
[[email protected] conf]# cat !$ 
cat /etc/hosts 
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1  authtest.com
//验证,访问成功,提示未受信任的证书,因为是自己颁发的证书,是不被浏览器代理信任的。
[[email protected] conf]# curl https://authtest.com
curl: (60) Peer‘s certificate issuer has been marked as not trusted by the user.
More details here: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html

curl performs SSL certificate verification by default, using a "bundle"
 of Certificate Authority (CA) public keys (CA certs). If the default
 bundle file isn‘t adequate, you can specify an alternate file
 using the --cacert option.
If this HTTPS server uses a certificate signed by a CA represented in
 the bundle, the certificate verification probably failed due to a
 problem with the certificate (it might be expired, or the name might
 not match the domain name in the URL).
If you‘d like to turn off curl‘s verification of the certificate, use
 the -k (or --insecure) option.

远程浏览器测试

技术分享图片

技术分享图片

技术分享图片


五、php-fpm的pool

可以通过配置php-fpm的池来隔离不同的虚拟主机。

这里将bbb.com和authtest.com分别放入不同的php-fpm池

过程如下

1.修改php-fpm.conf

[[email protected] conf]# vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
#listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024
//新增authtest池
[authtest]
listen = /tmp/authtest.sock
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024

[[email protected] conf]# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t
[06-Jul-2018 02:45:52] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful
[[email protected] conf]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart

[[email protected] ~]# ps aux | grep php-fpm
root       1905  0.0  0.4 227308  4964 ?        Ss   02:46   0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf)
php-fpm    1906  0.0  0.4 227248  4732 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1907  0.0  0.4 227248  4732 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1908  0.0  0.4 227248  4732 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1909  0.0  0.4 227248  4732 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1910  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1911  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1912  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1913  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1914  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1915  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1916  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1917  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1918  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1919  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1920  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1921  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1922  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1923  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1924  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1925  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1926  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1927  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1928  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1929  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1930  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1931  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1932  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1933  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1934  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1935  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1936  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1937  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1938  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1939  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1940  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1941  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1942  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1943  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1944  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1945  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
root       2012  0.0  0.0 112664   980 pts/1    S+   02:49   0:00 grep --color=auto php-fpm

2.修改authtest.com.conf配置文件,引用authtest池

    location ~ .php$
    {
        include fastcgi_params; 
        //将socket修改为authtest池
        fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/authtest.sock;
#       fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/authtest.com$fastcgi_script_name;

    }

3.修改aaa.com.conf配置文件,给bbb.com引用www池

    location ~ .php$
    {   
        include fastcgi_params;
        //改为www池的socket
        fastcgi_pass unix:php-fcgi.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/bbb.com$fastcgi_script_name;
    }

4.重载配置验证

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[[email protected] ~]# ps aux | grep php-fpm
[[email protected] ~]# ps aux | grep php-fpm | grep -v ‘grep‘
root       1905  0.0  0.4 227308  4964 ?        Ss   02:46   0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf)
php-fpm    1906  0.0  0.4 227248  4732 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1907  0.0  0.4 227248  4732 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1908  0.0  0.4 227248  4732 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1909  0.0  0.4 227248  4732 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1910  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1911  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1912  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1913  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1914  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1915  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1916  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1917  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1918  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1919  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1920  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1921  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1922  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1923  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1924  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1925  0.0  0.4 227248  4740 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    1926  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1927  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1928  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1929  0.0  0.4 227248  4736 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1930  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1931  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1932  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1933  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1934  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1935  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1936  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1937  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1938  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1939  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1940  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1941  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1942  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1943  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1944  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    1945  0.0  0.4 227248  4744 ?        S    02:46   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest

php-fom池的写法也可以采用如nginx配置文件的写法,全局配置与单独的虚拟主机分隔。

//编辑/usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf
vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf
//将池的配置信息从php-fpm.conf中删除

[global]
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log

//增加一句
include=etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf

//新建php-fpm.d/www.conf
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.d
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
//添加如下内容
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
#listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024

//新建php-fpm.d/authtest.conf
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.d/authtest.conf
//添加如下内容
[authtest]
listen = /tmp/authtest.sock
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024

[[email protected] php-fpm]# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t
[06-Jul-2018 03:24:28] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful

[[email protected] php-fpm]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm  done
[[email protected] php-fpm]# ps aux | grep php-fpm | grep -v ‘grep‘
root       2736  0.2  0.4 227336  4976 ?        Ss   03:25   0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf)
php-fpm    2737  0.0  0.4 227276  4736 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2738  0.0  0.4 227276  4736 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2739  0.0  0.4 227276  4736 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2740  0.0  0.4 227276  4736 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2741  0.0  0.4 227276  4740 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2742  0.0  0.4 227276  4740 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2743  0.0  0.4 227276  4740 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2744  0.0  0.4 227276  4740 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2745  0.0  0.4 227276  4744 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2746  0.0  0.4 227276  4744 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2747  0.0  0.4 227276  4744 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2748  0.0  0.4 227276  4744 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2749  0.0  0.4 227276  4744 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2750  0.0  0.4 227276  4744 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2751  0.0  0.4 227276  4744 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2752  0.0  0.4 227276  4744 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2753  0.0  0.4 227276  4744 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2754  0.0  0.4 227276  4744 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2755  0.0  0.4 227276  4744 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2756  0.0  0.4 227276  4744 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool authtest
php-fpm    2757  0.0  0.4 227276  4740 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2758  0.0  0.4 227276  4740 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2759  0.0  0.4 227276  4740 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2760  0.0  0.4 227276  4740 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2761  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2762  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2763  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2764  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2765  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2766  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2767  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2768  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2769  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2770  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2771  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2772  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2773  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2774  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2775  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm    2776  0.0  0.4 227276  4748 ?        S    03:25   0:00 php-fpm: pool www


六、php-fpm慢执行日志

有时候php的执行很慢,我们想查找慢的原因,这可以通过配置php-fpm的慢执行日志功能实现。

在authtest中演示

1.编译authtest.conf

[[email protected] php-fpm]# vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.d/authtest.conf 
[authtest]
listen = /tmp/authtest.sock
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024
//增加下面两行内容
//request_slowlog_timeout的值一般设为2秒,这里只是为了测试
request_slowlog_timeout = 1
slowlog = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/www-slow.log

[[email protected] php-fpm]# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t
[06-Jul-2018 03:41:52] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful

[[email protected] php-fpm]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm  done

//因为listen = /tmp/authtest.sock是被authtest.com引用的,
//在authtest.com虚拟主机中新建测试脚本
[[email protected] conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/authtest.com/sleep.php

 <?php echo "test slow log";
 sleep(2);
 echo "done";
 ?>
 
[[email protected] conf]# curl authtest.com/sleep.php
 test slow logdone
[[email protected] conf]# tail /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/www-slow.log

[06-Jul-2018 03:47:22]  [pool authtest] pid 2860
//日志记录了是sleep.php的第二行执行慢,这是一个sleep函数,睡眠2s
script_filename = /usr/local/nginx/html/authtest.com/sleep.php
[0x00007f6e4ad77278] sleep() /usr/local/nginx/html/authtest.com/sleep.php:2


七、open_basedir

nginx中也可以通过php-fpm的open_basedir功能,隔离不同的虚拟主机以增强安全性。

有两种方式定义open_basedir,一种是定义在php.ini中,一种是在虚拟主机配置文件中定义。 在php.ini定义缺乏灵活性,所以一般在虚拟主机的配置文件中定义。

这里以authtest.com虚拟主机为例配置open_basedir

//编辑authtest.conf 
[[email protected] php-fpm]# vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.d/authtest.conf 
[authtest]
listen = /tmp/authtest.sock
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024
request_slowlog_timeout = 1
slowlog = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/www-slow.log
//增加下列语句,basedir一定要定义正确,否则会导致故障。下面会进行演示
php_admin_value[open_basedir]=/usr/local/nginx/html/authtest.com:/tmp/

[[email protected] php-fpm]# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t
[06-Jul-2018 04:25:11] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful

[[email protected] php-fpm]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart 
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm  done
//此时访问是正常的
[[email protected] php-fpm]# curl authtest.com/sleep.php
 test slow logdone
[[email protected] php-fpm]# 
[[email protected] php-fpm]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm  done
[[email protected] php-fpm]# curl authtest.com/sleep.php -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Fri, 06 Jul 2018 08:35:44 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.30


//若basedir配置有问题,这里故障将authtest.com改成bbb.com
php_admin_value[open_basedir]=/usr/local/nginx/html/bbb.com:/tmp/

[[email protected] php-fpm]# curl authtest.com/sleep.php
No input file specified.
[[email protected] php-fpm]# curl authtest.com/sleep.php -I
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Fri, 06 Jul 2018 08:34:07 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.30

为定位出错原因,可通过开启php的错误日志功能

[[email protected] php-fpm]# vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini 
//生产将display_errors关闭,调试的时候可以开启,这样可以直接在浏览器看到错误
display_errors = Off
//增加error_log保存位置,
error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/error.log
//设定日志的记录级别为所有,
error_reporting = E_ALL

//将/usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/error.log的权限设为666

//测试
[[email protected] php-fpm]# curl authtest.com/sleep.php -I
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Fri, 06 Jul 2018 09:59:45 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.30

//日志,明确显示open_basedir限制生效,authtest.com路径不在允许的路径中
[06-Jul-2018 09:57:25 UTC] PHP Warning:  Unknown: open_basedir restriction in effect. File(/usr/local/nginx/html/authtest.com/sleep.php) is not within the allowed path(s): (/usr/local/nginx/html/bbb.com:/tmp/) in Unknown on line 0
[06-Jul-2018 09:57:25 UTC] PHP Warning:  Unknown: failed to open stream: Operation not permitted in Unknown on line 0
[06-Jul-2018 09:59:45 UTC] PHP Warning:  Unknown: open_basedir restriction in effect. File(/usr/local/nginx/html/authtest.com/sleep.php) is not within the allowed path(s): (/usr/local/nginx/html/bbb.com:/tmp/) in Unknown on line 0
[06-Jul-2018 09:59:45 UTC] PHP Warning:  Unknown: failed to open stream: Operation not permitted in Unknown on line 0

//注意,/usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/error.log权限需要666或以上。否则测试的时候报的错是403,禁止访问
//日志
[06-Jul-2018 09:38:12 UTC] PHP Deprecated:  Comments starting with ‘#‘ are deprecated in Unknown on line 1 in Unknown on line 0
[06-Jul-2018 09:38:26 UTC] PHP Deprecated:  Comments starting with ‘#‘ are deprecated in Unknown on line 1 in Unknown on line 0


八、php-fpm进程管理

进程管理的配置(以authtest.com为例)

[[email protected] ~]# cat /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.d/authtest.conf 
[authtest]
listen = /tmp/authtest.sock
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
//动态进程管理,也可以是static
pm = dynamic
//最大子进程数,ps aux可以查看
pm.max_children = 50
//启动服务时会启动的进程数
pm.start_servers = 20
//空闲时段,最小进程数,如果达到这个数值,php-fpm自动派生新的子进程
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
//空闲时段,最大进程数,如果达到这个数值,php-fpm自动销毁空闲的子进程
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
//定义一个子进程最多处理的请求数,即在一个php-fpm子进程最多可以处理这么多请求,当达到该数值,即退出。
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024
request_slowlog_timeout = 1
slowlog = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/www-slow.log
php_admin_value[open_basedir]=/usr/local/nginx/html/bbb.com:/tmp/


//服务开启时启动的进程数是20
[[email protected] ~]# ps aux | grep authtest | grep -vc  ‘grep‘
20
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘s#pm.start_servers = 20#pm.start_servers = 30#‘ /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.d/authtest.conf
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm  done
修改配置后初始启动的进程数已经变为30
[[email protected] ~]# ps aux | grep authtest | grep -vc  ‘grep‘
30


九、扩展

针对请求的uri来代理

http://ask.apelearn.com/question/1049

根据访问的目录来区分后端的web

http://ask.apelearn.com/question/920

nginx长连接

http://www.apelearn.com/bbs/thread-6545-1-1.html

nginx算法分析

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_72995dcc01016msi.html

nginx中的root和alias区别

http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/article/details/6583335

nginx的alias和root配置

http://www.ttlsa.com/nginx/nginx-root_alias-file-path-configuration/

http://www.iigrowing.cn/shi-yan-que-ren-nginx-root-alias-location-zhi-ling-shi-yong-fang-fa.html




















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