Hive安装配置及基本操作

Posted 2020-12-01 simon-1024

Hive安装配置及基本操作

1. Hive安装及配置

(1). 上传文件到Hadoop102节点，解压到/opt/moudle

(2). 修改/opt/module/hive/conf目录下的hive-env.sh.template名称为hive-env.sh

[simon@hadoop102 conf]$ cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh

(3). 配置hive-env.sh文件

? (a). 配置HADOOP_HOME路径 :

export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2

? (b).配置HIVE_CONF_DIR路径 :

export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/opt/module/hive/conf

2. Hadoop集群的配置

（1）必须启动HDFS和YARN

[simon@hadoop102 conf]$ start-dfs.sh
[simon@hadoop103 module]$ start-yarn.sh
[simon@hadoop104 hadoop-2.7.2]$ mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver

（2）在HDFS上创建/tmp和/user/hive/warehouse两个目录并修改他们的同组权限可写

[simon@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /tmp
[simon@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/hive/warehouse

[simon@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -chmod g+w /tmp
[simon@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -chmod g+w /user/hive/warehouse

3. Hive基本操作

（1）启动hive

[simon@hadoop102 hive]$ bin/hive

（2）查看数据库

hive> show databases;

（3）打开默认数据库

hive> use default;

（4）显示default数据库中的表

hive> show tables;

（5）创建一张表

hive> create table student(id int,name string);

（6）显示数据库中有几张表

hive> show tables;

（7）查看表的结构

hive> desc student;
OK
id                      int                                         
name                    string                                      
Time taken: 0.413 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)

（8）向表中插入数据

hive> insert into student values(1000,"simon");

（9）查询表中数据

hive> select * from student;

（10）退出hive

hive> quit;

4. 将本地文件导入Hive案例

需求:

? 将本地/opt/module/datas/student.txt这个目录下的数据导入到hive的student(id int, name string)表 中。

hive> create table student(id int, name string) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED
 BY '	';
--导入本地数据
hive> load data local inpath '/opt/module/datas/student.txt' into table student;

查看是否插入成功：

hive> select * from student;
OK
1001    zhangshan
1002    lishi
1003    zhaoliu
Time taken: 0.266 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)

再打开一个客户端窗口启动hive，会产生java.sql.SQLException异常:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException:
 Unable to instantiate
 org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:522)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:677)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:621)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1523)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.<init>(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:86)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:132)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:104)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.createMetaStoreClient(Hive.java:3005)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:3024)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:503)

原因是，Metastore默认存储在自带的derby数据库中，推荐使用mysql存储Metastore;

5. 安装Mysql及配置Hive的元数据存放位置

5.1．查看mysql是否安装，如果安装了，卸载mysql

(1). 查看是否安装了Mysql:

[root@hadoop102 桌面]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64

(2). 卸载掉已安装的Mysql：

[root@hadoop102 桌面]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64

(3). 解压mysql-libs.zip 文件到当前目录

[root@hadoop102 software]# unzip mysql-libs.zip
[root@hadoop102 software]# ls
mysql-libs.zip
mysql-libs

(4). 进入到mysql-libs文件夹下

[root@hadoop102 mysql-libs]# ll
总用量 76048
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18509960 3月  26 2015 MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  3575135 12月  1 2013 mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 55782196 3月  26 2015 MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

5.2 安装Mysql服务器

(1).安装mysql服务端

[root@hadoop102 mysql-libs]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 

(2).查看产生的随机密码

[root@hadoop102 mysql-libs]# cat /root/.mysql_secret 
# The random password set for the root user at Sat Nov  2 21:44:35 2019 (local time): sMUtG2RWFg3XUr4M

(3).查看mysql的状态

[root@hadoop102 mysql-libs]# service mysql staus
Usage: mysql  {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}  [ MySQL server options ]

(4).启动mysql

[root@hadoop102 mysql-libs]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL..                                           [确定]

5.3 安装mysql客户端

(1).解压客户端安装包

[root@hadoop102 mysql-libs]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 

(2). 连接mysql

[root@hadoop102 mysql-libs]# mysql -uroot -psMUtG2RWFg3XUr4M

(3).修改密码：

mysql> SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('zxc147');

(4).退出mysql

mysql> quit

5.4 mysql的user表中主机配置

配置只要是root用户+密码，在任何主机上都能登录MySQL数据库。

(1).进入mysql

[root@hadoop102 mysql-libs]# mysql -uroot -pzxc147

(2).显示数据库

mysql> show databases;

(3).使用msql数据库

mysql> use mysql;

(4).展示mysql数据库中的所有数据表

mysql>show tables;

(5).使用user表

mysql>use user;

(6). 描述表的结构

mysql>desc User;

(7). 查询user表

mysql> select Host, User,Password from user;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| Host      | User | Password                                  |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *3114DECCB22104A2045E0132C007737A52C7E11D |
| hadoop102 | root | *9178AE26D29780ECED756CA0AABE2442BF1CAA41 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *9178AE26D29780ECED756CA0AABE2442BF1CAA41 |
| ::1       | root | *9178AE26D29780ECED756CA0AABE2442BF1CAA41 |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+

(8).修改user表，把Host改成%

mysql> update user set host='%' where host = 'localhost';

(9).删除root用户其他host

mysql> delete from user where host <>'%';

(10).刷新权限信息

mysql> flush privileges;

(11).退出

mysql>quit;

5.5 配置Metastore到MySql

(1).在/opt/module/hive/conf目录下创建一个文件hive-site.xml

根据官方文档配置参数，拷贝数据到hive-site.xml文件中

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
    <property>
      <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
      <value>jdbc:mysql://hadoop102:3306/metastore?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
      <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
    </property>

    <property>
      <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
      <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
      <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
    </property>

    <property>
      <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
      <value>root</value>
      <description>username to use against metastore database</description>
    </property>

    <property>
      <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
      <value>zxc147</value>
      <description>password to use against metastore database</description>
    </property>
</configuration>

(2). 将/opt/software/mysql-libs目录下解压mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.tar.gz驱动包，

拷贝mysql-connector-java-5.1.27-bin.jar到/opt/module/hive/lib/

[root@hadoop102 mysql-libs]# tar -zxf mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.tar.gz -C /opt/module/hive/lib/

(3). 配置完毕后，如果启动hive异常，可以重新启动虚拟机。（重启后，别忘了启动hadoop集群）

6. 多窗口启动Hive测试

(1). 首先启动mysql

[root@hadoop102 mysql-libs]# mysql -uroot -pzxc147

(2). 查看有几个数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(2). 再打开多个窗口，分别启动hive

[simon@hadoop102 hive]$ bin/hive

(3). 启动hive后，回到MySQL窗口查看数据库，显示增加了metastore数据库

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| metastore          |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+

7. HiveJDBC访问

(1). 启动hiveserver2服务

[simon@hadoop102 hive]$ bin/hiveserver2 

(2). 启动beeline

[simon@hadoop102 hive]$ bin/beeline 
Beeline version 1.2.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> 

(3). 连接hiveserver2

beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://hadoop102:10000  #(回车)
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://hadoop102:10000
Enter username for jdbc:hive2://hadoop102:10000: simon  #(输入用户名回车)
Enter password for jdbc:hive2://hadoop102:10000:       #(直接回车)
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.2.1)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.2.1)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ

(4). 使用测试

0: jdbc:hive2://hadoop102:10000> show databases;
+----------------+--+
| database_name  |
+----------------+--+
| default        |
+----------------+--+
1 row selected (1.083 seconds)

8. Hive的常用交互命令

[simon@hadoop102 hive]$ bin/hive -help
usage: hive
 -d,--define <key=value>          Variable subsitution to apply to hive
                                  commands. e.g. -d A=B or --define A=B
    --database <databasename>     Specify the database to use
 -e <quoted-query-string>         SQL from command line
 -f <filename>                    SQL from files
 -H,--help                        Print help information
    --hiveconf <property=value>   Use value for given property
    --hivevar <key=value>         Variable subsitution to apply to hive
                                  commands. e.g. --hivevar A=B
 -i <filename>                    Initialization SQL file
 -S,--silent                      Silent mode in interactive shell
 -v,--verbose                     Verbose mode (echo executed SQL to the console)

(1). “-e”不进入hive的交互窗口执行sql语句

[simon@hadoop102 hive]$ bin/hive -e "select id from student;"

(2)．“-f”执行脚本中sql语句

? (a). 编写脚本文件：在/opt/module/datas目录下创建hivef.sql文件

[simon@hadoop102 datas]$ touch hivef.sql

? (b). 文件中写入正确的sql语句

   ```sql

select *from student;
```

? (c). 执行文件中的sql语句

[simon@hadoop102 hive]$ bin/hive -f /opt/module/datas/hivef.sql

? (d) .执行文件中的sql语句并将结果写入文件中

[simon@hadoop102 hive]$ bin/hive -f /opt/module/datas/hivef.sql  > /opt/module/datas/hive_result.txt

9.Hive其他命令操作

(1). 退出hive窗口：

hive(default)>exit;

hive(default)>quit;

在新版的hive中没区别了，在以前的版本是有的：

exit:先隐性提交数据，再退出；

quit:不提交数据，退出；

(2).在hive cli命令窗口中如何查看hdfs文件系统

hive(default)>dfs -ls /;

(3). 在hive cli命令窗口中如何查看本地文件系统

hive(default)>! ls /opt/module/datas;

(4). 查看在hive中输入的所有历史命令

? （1）进入到当前用户的根目录/root或/home/simon

? （2）查看. hivehistory文件

[simon@hadoop102 ~]$ cat .hivehistory