Python-基础知识-列表list和元组tuple
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列表List
创建列表:
>>> week = ["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wen","Thu","Fri","Sat"]
>>> week
[‘Sun‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Tue‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘Sat‘]
基本操作:
- 索引
- 切片
- 追加
- 删除
- 长度
- 切片
- 循环
- 包含
一、索引
用索引来访问list中每一个位置的元素,记得索引是从0
开始,使用-1获取list中最后一个元素:
>>> week[0] ‘Sun‘ >>> week[-1] ‘Sat‘
二、切片
>>> print(week[0:3]) #切片 [‘Sun‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Tue‘] >>> week[3:-1] [‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘] >>> print(week[::2]) #带偏移切片 [‘Sun‘, ‘Tue‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Sat‘]
三、追加
>>> week.append("One") >>> week [‘Sun‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Tue‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘Sat‘, ‘One‘]
四、插入
>>> week.insert(1,"Two") #在指定位置插入元素 >>> week [‘Sun‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Tue‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘Sat‘, ‘One‘]
五、修改
>>> week = ["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wen","Thu","Fri","Sat"] >>> week [‘Sun‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Tue‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘Sat‘] >>> week[1] = "Four" #修改指定元素的值 >>> week [‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Tue‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘Sat‘]
六、删除
>>> week.remove("One") #删除list中指定值的元素 >>> week [‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Tue‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘Sat‘] >>> del week[3] #删除list中指定位置元素 [‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘Sat‘] >>> week.pop() #删除list中最后一个元素 ‘Sat‘ >>> week [‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘]
七、扩展
>>> Num = ["One","Two","Three","Four","Five","Six","Seven"] >>> week.extend(Num) >>> week [‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘]
八、拷贝
>>> week2 = week.copy() #深复制,id值不一样 >>> week [‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘] >>> week2 [‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘] >>> id(week) 2608861285192 >>> id(week2) 2608861285896 >>> week2 = week #浅复制,id值一样 >>> week [‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘] >>> week2 [‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘] >>> id(week) 2608861285192 >>> id(week2) 2608861285192 #另一种复制方法 >>> import copy >>> week2 = copy.deepcopy(week) >>> week [‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘] >>> week2 [‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘] >>> id(week) 2608861285192 >>> id(week2) 2608862744520 >>> week2 = copy.copy(week) >>> week [‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘] >>> week2 [‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘] >>> id(week) 2608861285192 >>> id(week2) 2608861304840
九、排序和翻转
>>> names [‘Alex‘, ‘Tenglan‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Tom‘, ‘Amy‘, 1, 2, 3] >>> names.sort() #排序 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: unorderable types: int() < str() #3.0里不同数据类型不能放在一起排序了,擦 >>> names[-3] = ‘1‘ >>> names[-2] = ‘2‘ >>> names[-1] = ‘3‘ >>> names [‘Alex‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Tenglan‘, ‘Tom‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘] >>> names.sort() >>> names [‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘Alex‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Tenglan‘, ‘Tom‘] >>> names.reverse() #反转 >>> names [‘Tom‘, ‘Tenglan‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Alex‘, ‘3‘, ‘2‘, ‘1‘]
十、统计
>>> names [‘Alex‘, ‘Tenglan‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Tom‘, ‘Amy‘, 1, 2, 3] >>> names.count("Amy") 2
十一、获取下标
>>> week [‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘] >>> week.index("Mon") #返回第一个找到的元素的下标 2
元组Tuple
元组其实跟列表差不多,也是存一组数,只不是它一旦创建,便不能再修改,所以又叫只读列表。
创建元组,因为元组不能修改,它只有2个方法,一个是count,一个是index。
>>> week = (‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘) >>> week (‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘) >>> week.index("Mon") 2 >>> week.count(‘Mon‘) 1
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