Python之路64-Ajax
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目录
一、Ajax提交表单
二、Ajax提交表单升级版
三、一些使用的注意事项
一、Ajax提交表单
Ajax提交表单，获取标签数据后将数据提交给后台，后台做出判断，完后返回值，Ajax接收到返回值执行回调函数，根据返回值的不同做不同的操作
默认form提交会刷新页面，而Ajax提交不会刷新页面，而是根据后台返回信息来做进一步操作
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls), url(r‘^business$‘, views.business), url(r‘^host$‘, views.host), url(r‘^test_ajax$‘, views.test_ajax), ]
views.py
def test_ajax(request):
h = request.POST.get("hostname")
i = request.POST.get("ip")
p = request.POST.get("port")
b = request.POST.get("b_id")
if h and len(h) > 5:
models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h,
ip=i,
port=p,
# b=models.Business.objects.get(id=b),
b_id=b)
return HttpResponse("OK")
else:
return HttpResponse("太短了")host.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.hide{
display: none;
}
.shade{
position: fixed;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
background-color: black;
opacity: 0.6;
z-index: 5;
}
.add-model{
position: fixed;
height: 300px;
width: 400px;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
margin-top: -150px;
margin-left: -200px;
background-color: white;
border: 1px solid red;
z-index: 10;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>主机列表(对象)</h1>
<div>
<input id="add_host" type="button" value="添加"/>
</div>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>IP</th>
<th>端口</th>
<th>业务线名称</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in v1 %}
<tr hid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ row.hostname }}</td>
<td>{{ row.ip }}</td>
<td>{{ row.port }}</td>
<td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>主机列表(字典)</h1>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>业务线名称</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in v2 %}
<tr hid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">
<td>{{ row.hostname }}</td>
<td>{{ row.b__caption }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>主机列表(元祖)</h1>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>业务线名称</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in v3 %}
<tr hid="{{ row.0 }}" bid="{{ row.2 }}">
<td>{{ row.1 }}</td>
<td>{{ row.3 }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="shade hide"></div>
<div class="add-model hide">
<form action="/host" method="POST">
<div class="group">
<input id="host" type="text" placeholder="主机名" name="hostname" />
</div>
<div class="group">
<input id="ip" type="text" placeholder="IP" name="ip" />
</div>
<div class="group">
<input id="port" type="text" placeholder="端口" name="port" />
</div>
<div class="group">
<select id="sel" name="b_id">
{% for op in b_list %}
<option value="{{ op.id }}">{{ op.caption }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</div>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
<a id="ajax_submit" style="display: inline-block;padding: 5px; background-color: blue;color: white">悄悄提交</a>
<input id="cancel" type="button" value="取消">
</form>
</div>
<script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
<script>
$(function () {
$("#add_host").click(function () {
$(".shade,.add-model").removeClass("hide");
});
});
$(function () {
$("#cancel").click(function () {
$(".shade,.add-model").addClass("hide");
});
});
$(function () {
$("#ajax_submit").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url: "/test_ajax",
type: "POST",
data: {"hostname": $("#host").val(), "ip": $("#ip").val(), "port": $("#port").val(), "b_id": $("#sel").val()},
success: function (data) {
if(data == "OK"){
location.reload();
}else{
alert(data);
}
}
});
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>二、Ajax提交表单升级版
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls), url(r‘^business$‘, views.business), url(r‘^host$‘, views.host), url(r‘^test_ajax$‘, views.test_ajax), ]
views.py
def test_ajax(request):
import json
ret = {"status": True, "error": None, "data": None}
try:
h = request.POST.get("hostname")
i = request.POST.get("ip")
p = request.POST.get("port")
b = request.POST.get("b_id")
if h and len(h) > 5:
models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h,
ip=i,
port=p,
# b=models.Business.objects.get(id=b),
b_id=b)
else:
ret["status"] = False
ret["error"] = "太短了"
except Exception as e:
ret["status"] = False
ret["error"] = "请求错误"
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))host.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.hide{
display: none;
}
.shade{
position: fixed;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
background-color: black;
opacity: 0.6;
z-index: 5;
}
.add-model{
position: fixed;
height: 300px;
width: 400px;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
margin-top: -150px;
margin-left: -200px;
background-color: white;
border: 1px solid red;
z-index: 10;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>主机列表(对象)</h1>
<div>
<input id="add_host" type="button" value="添加"/>
</div>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>IP</th>
<th>端口</th>
<th>业务线名称</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in v1 %}
<tr hid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ row.hostname }}</td>
<td>{{ row.ip }}</td>
<td>{{ row.port }}</td>
<td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>主机列表(字典)</h1>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>业务线名称</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in v2 %}
<tr hid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">
<td>{{ row.hostname }}</td>
<td>{{ row.b__caption }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>主机列表(元祖)</h1>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>业务线名称</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in v3 %}
<tr hid="{{ row.0 }}" bid="{{ row.2 }}">
<td>{{ row.1 }}</td>
<td>{{ row.3 }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="shade hide"></div>
<div class="add-model hide">
<form action="/host" method="POST">
<div class="group">
<input id="host" type="text" placeholder="主机名" name="hostname" />
</div>
<div class="group">
<input id="ip" type="text" placeholder="IP" name="ip" />
</div>
<div class="group">
<input id="port" type="text" placeholder="端口" name="port" />
</div>
<div class="group">
<select id="sel" name="b_id">
{% for op in b_list %}
<option value="{{ op.id }}">{{ op.caption }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</div>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
<a id="ajax_submit" style="display: inline-block;padding: 5px; background-color: blue;color: white">悄悄提交</a>
<input id="cancel" type="button" value="取消">
<span id="error_msg"></span>
</form>
</div>
<script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
<script>
$(function () {
$("#add_host").click(function () {
$(".shade,.add-model").removeClass("hide");
});
});
$(function () {
$("#cancel").click(function () {
$(".shade,.add-model").addClass("hide");
});
});
$(function () {
$("#ajax_submit").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url: "/test_ajax",
type: "POST",
data: {"hostname": $("#host").val(), "ip": $("#ip").val(), "port": $("#port").val(), "b_id": $("#sel").val()},
success: function (data) {
var obj = JSON.parse(data);
if(obj.status){
location.reload();
}else{
$("#error_msg").text(obj.error);
}
}
});
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>三、一些使用的注意事项
1.基本使用
$.ajax({
url: "/host",
type: "POST",
data: {"k1": 123, "k2": "root"},
success: function(data){
}
})
get封装了$.ajax(),type为get
$.get(url="xxx", data={}, success=function(data){
});
get封装了$.ajax(),type为post
$.post(url="xxx", data={}, success=function(data){
});2.永远让服务器返回一个字典
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(字典))
3.前端接收到json数据
可以用JSON.parse(data)，将字符串转换成对象
取对象中的值的时候，可以用.来取（json）
本文出自 “八英里” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://5921271.blog.51cto.com/5911271/1928895
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