python爬虫入门Scrapy框架之数据库保存

Posted 2021-03-20 Gaidy

豆瓣电影TOP 250爬取-->>>数据保存到MongoDB

豆瓣电影TOP 250网址

要求：

1.爬取豆瓣top 250电影名字、演员列表、评分和简介

2.设置随机UserAgent和Proxy

3.爬取到的数据保存到MongoDB数据库

 items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import scrapy

class DoubanItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # 标题
    title = scrapy.Field()
    # 信息
    bd = scrapy.Field()
    # 评分
    star = scrapy.Field()
    # 简介
    quote = scrapy.Field()

doubanmovie.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from douban.items import DoubanItem

class DoubamovieSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "doubanmovie"
    allowed_domains = ["movie.douban.com"]
    offset = 0
    url = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start="
    start_urls = (
            url+str(offset),
    )

    def parse(self, response):
        item = DoubanItem()
        movies = response.xpath("//div[@class=\'info\']")

        for each in movies:
            # 标题
            item[\'title\'] = each.xpath(".//span[@class=\'title\'][1]/text()").extract()[0]
            # 信息
            item[\'bd\'] = each.xpath(".//div[@class=\'bd\']/p/text()").extract()[0]
            # 评分
            item[\'star\'] = each.xpath(".//div[@class=\'star\']/span[@class=\'rating_num\']/text()").extract()[0]
            # 简介
            quote = each.xpath(".//p[@class=\'quote\']/span/text()").extract()
            if len(quote) != 0:
                item[\'quote\'] = quote[0]
            yield item

        if self.offset < 225:
            self.offset += 25
            yield scrapy.Request(self.url + str(self.offset), callback = self.parse)

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import pymongo
from scrapy.conf import settings

class DoubanPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        host = settings["MONGODB_HOST"]
        port = settings["MONGODB_PORT"]
        dbname = settings["MONGODB_DBNAME"]
        sheetname= settings["MONGODB_SHEETNAME"]

        # 创建MONGODB数据库链接
        client = pymongo.MongoClient(host = host, port = port)
        # 指定数据库
        mydb = client[dbname]
        # 存放数据的数据库表名
        self.sheet = mydb[sheetname]

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        data = dict(item)
        self.sheet.insert(data)
        return item

settings.py

DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2.5

COOKIES_ENABLED = False

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    \'douban.middlewares.RandomUserAgent\': 100,
    \'douban.middlewares.RandomProxy\': 200,
}

USER_AGENTS = [
    \'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0)\',
    \'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.2)\',
    \'Opera/9.27 (Windows NT 5.2; U; zh-cn)\',
    \'Opera/8.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en)\',
    \'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en) Opera 8.0\',
    \'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.3; zh-cn; M032 Build/IML74K) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30\',
    \'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2) AppleWebKit/525.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/0.2.149.27 Safari/525.13\'
]

PROXIES = [
        {"ip_port" :"121.42.140.113:16816", "user_passwd" : "****"},
        #{"ip_prot" :"121.42.140.113:16816", "user_passwd" : ""}
        #{"ip_prot" :"121.42.140.113:16816", "user_passwd" : ""}
        #{"ip_prot" :"121.42.140.113:16816", "user_passwd" : ""}
]


ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    \'douban.pipelines.DoubanPipeline\': 300,
}


# MONGODB 主机名
MONGODB_HOST = "127.0.0.1"

# MONGODB 端口号
MONGODB_PORT = 27017

# 数据库名称
MONGODB_DBNAME = "Douban"

# 存放数据的表名称
MONGODB_SHEETNAME = "doubanmovies"

middlewares.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import random
import base64

from settings import USER_AGENTS
from settings import PROXIES

# 随机的User-Agent
class RandomUserAgent(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        useragent = random.choice(USER_AGENTS)
        #print useragent
        request.headers.setdefault("User-Agent", useragent)

class RandomProxy(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)

        if proxy[\'user_passwd\'] is None:
            # 没有代理账户验证的代理使用方式
            request.meta[\'proxy\'] = "http://" + proxy[\'ip_port\']

        else:
            # 对账户密码进行base64编码转换
            base64_userpasswd = base64.b64encode(proxy[\'user_passwd\'])
            # 对应到代理服务器的信令格式里
            request.headers[\'Proxy-Authorization\'] = \'Basic \' + base64_userpasswd

            request.meta[\'proxy\'] = "http://" + proxy[\'ip_port\']