python+requests——不带参数的get请求
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import requests url = "http://www.baidu.com" #请求网址 yctime = 0.05 #不能超过的时间 resp = requests.get(url,timeout=yctime) print("#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1") print(type(resp.url)) #返回一个rul类型,说明返回的是一个字符串:<class ‘str‘> print(resp.url) #访问网址:http://www.baidu.com/ print("#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2") print(type(resp.history)) #返回的是一个列表类型:<class ‘list‘> print(resp.history) #返回空[] ,说明并没有被重定向 打印请求的历史记录(以列表的形式显示) print("#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3") print(type(resp.status_code)) #返回的是一个整数类型:<class ‘int‘> print(resp.status_code) # 返回状态码:200 判断是否访问正常 print("#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4") if (resp.status_code == requests.codes.ok): print("请求成功") else: print("失败") #返回:请求成功 if (resp.status_code == 200): print("请求成功") else: print("失败") #返回:请求成功 print("#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5") print(resp.apparent_encoding) #返回:utf-8 从内容中分析出的响应内容编码方式(备选编码方式) print(resp.encoding) #返回当前的编码格式:ISO-8859-1 #从HTTP header中猜测的响应内容编码方式 resp.encoding = ‘utf-8‘ #设置编码格式 #response.encoding=“utf-8” 或者 response.encoding=”gbk”具体看网页什么方式编码的 #如果能正常显示就不要设置编码格式了,正常输出 print(resp.encoding) #返回:utf-8 说明上一步设置成功 print(resp.content) #返回的是 bytes 型的二进制数据,如果想取图片,文件,则可以通过 response.content #更改编码使用 response.content.deocde(“utf8”) #: 返回的数据类型 #: response.text 返回的是一个 unicode 型的文本数据 #: response.content 返回的是 bytes 型的二进制数据 #: 也就是说如果想取文本数据可以通过response.text 如果想取图片,文件,则可以通过 response.content #: response.text返回的是Unicode格式,通常需要转换为utf-8格式,否则就是乱码。 # # response.content是二进制模式,可以下载视频之类的,如果想看的话需要decode成utf-8格式。 #: 不管是通过response.content.decode("utf-8)的方式还是通过response.encoding="utf-8"的方式都可以避免乱码的问题发生 #:response.apparent_encoding 从内容中分析出的响应内容编码方式(备选编码方式) print("#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6") #{‘Cache-Control‘: ‘private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform‘, ‘Connection‘: ‘keep-alive‘, # ‘Content-Encoding‘: ‘gzip‘, ‘Content-Type‘: ‘text/html‘, ‘Date‘: ‘Fri, 21 Feb 2020 17:06:24 GMT‘, # ‘Last-Modified‘: ‘Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:28:23 GMT‘, ‘Pragma‘: ‘no-cache‘, ‘Server‘: ‘bfe/1.0.8.18‘, # ‘Set-Cookie‘: ‘BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/‘, ‘Transfer-Encoding‘: ‘chunked‘} print(resp.headers) #返回响应头部,如上所示 print(resp.headers[‘content-encoding‘]) #返回:gzip print(resp.headers[‘Content-type‘]) #返回:text/html
print(resp.headers.get(‘Content-type‘)) #返回:text/html
print(resp.headers[‘date‘]) #返回:Fri, 21 Feb 2020 17:06:24 GMT print("#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7") #<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie BDORZ=27315 for .baidu.com/>]> print(resp.cookies) #返回一个cookie,具体如上 #print(resp.cookies[‘name‘]) #设置name参数,即可访问到具体的值 print("#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8") print(type(resp.text)) #返回一个str类型: <class ‘str‘> print(resp.text) #返回请求的响应体
执行结果:
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
<class ‘str‘>
http://www.baidu.com/
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
<class ‘list‘>
[]
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
<class ‘int‘>
200
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
请求成功
请求成功
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
utf-8
ISO-8859-1
utf-8
b‘<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>xe7x99xbexe5xbaxa6xe4xb8x80xe4xb8x8bxefxbcx8cxe4xbdxa0xe5xb0xb1xe7x9fxa5xe9x81x93</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class="head_wrapper"> <div class="s_form"> <div class="s_form_wrapper"> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class="fm"> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class="s_ipt" value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=xe7x99xbexe5xbaxa6xe4xb8x80xe4xb8x8b class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class="mnav">xe6x96xb0xe9x97xbb</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class="mnav">hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class="mnav">xe5x9cxb0xe5x9bxbe</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class="mnav">xe8xa7x86xe9xa2x91</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class="mnav">xe8xb4xb4xe5x90xa7</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class="lb">xe7x99xbbxe5xbdx95</a> </noscript> <script>document.write(‘<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=‘+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ ‘" name="tj_login" class="lb">xe7x99xbbxe5xbdx95</a>‘);</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class="bri" style="display: block;">xe6x9bxb4xe5xa4x9axe4xbaxa7xe5x93x81</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>xe5x85xb3xe4xbax8exe7x99xbexe5xbaxa6</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>xe4xbdxbfxe7x94xa8xe7x99xbexe5xbaxa6xe5x89x8dxe5xbfx85xe8xafxbb</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class="cp-feedback">xe6x84x8fxe8xa7x81xe5x8fx8dxe9xa6x88</a> xe4xbaxacICPxe8xafx81030173xe5x8fxb7 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
‘
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
{‘Cache-Control‘: ‘private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform‘, ‘Connection‘: ‘keep-alive‘, ‘Content-Encoding‘: ‘gzip‘, ‘Content-Type‘: ‘text/html‘, ‘Date‘: ‘Fri, 21 Feb 2020 17:15:21 GMT‘, ‘Last-Modified‘: ‘Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:28:24 GMT‘, ‘Pragma‘: ‘no-cache‘, ‘Server‘: ‘bfe/1.0.8.18‘, ‘Set-Cookie‘: ‘BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/‘, ‘Transfer-Encoding‘: ‘chunked‘}
gzip
text/html
Fri, 21 Feb 2020 17:15:21 GMT
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie BDORZ=27315 for .baidu.com/>]>
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
<class ‘str‘>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下,你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class="head_wrapper"> <div class="s_form"> <div class="s_form_wrapper"> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class="fm"> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class="s_ipt" value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class="mnav">新闻</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class="mnav">hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class="mnav">地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class="mnav">视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class="mnav">贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class="lb">登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write(‘<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=‘+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ ‘" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>‘);</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class="bri" style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class="cp-feedback">意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
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