061.Python前端Django组件用户认证组件

Posted 战五渣

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一 auth认证组件

在使用pymysql,数据库迁移的时候.,默认生成有十张表如下

查看author_user表结构

mysql> desc auth_user;

+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field        | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id           | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| password     | varchar(128) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| last_login   | datetime(6)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| is_superuser | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| username     | varchar(150) | NO   | UNI | NULL    |                |
| first_name   | varchar(30)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| last_name    | varchar(150) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| email        | varchar(254) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| is_staff     | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| is_active    | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| date_joined  | datetime(6)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

在使用用户认证组件,必须使用django自带的author_user表

1.1 创建一个新的auth app

root@darren-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/cookie_seesion# python3 manage.py startapp auth_demo

注册app

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    \'django.contrib.admin\',
    \'django.contrib.auth\',
    \'django.contrib.contenttypes\',
    \'django.contrib.sessions\',
    \'django.contrib.messages\',
    \'django.contrib.staticfiles\',
    \'cookie.apps.CookieConfig\',
    \'session.apps.SessionConfig\',
    \'auth_demo.apps.AuthConfig\',
]

配置路由分发

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include

urlpatterns = [
    path(\'admin/\', admin.site.urls),
    path("cookie/",include("cookie.urls")),
    path("session/",include("session.urls")),
    path("auth_demo/",include("auth_demo.urls")),
]

配置路由

root@darren-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/cookie_seesion# vim auth_demo/urls.py

from django.urls import  path,re_path
from auth_demo import  views
urlpatterns = [
    path(\'index/\', views.index),
    path(\'login/\', views.login),
]

1.2 authenticate()用户认证

提供了用户认证，即验证用户名以及密码是否正确,一般需要username  password两个关键字参数

如果认证信息有效，会返回一个  User  对象。authenticate()会在User 对象上设置一个属性标识那种认证后端认证了该用户，且该信息在后面的登录过程中是需要的。当我们试图登陆一个从数据库中直接取出来不经过authenticate()的User对象会报错的！！

1.3 login(HttpRequest, user)附加seesion信息　

该函数接受一个HttpRequest对象，以及一个认证了的User对象

此函数使用django的session框架给某个已认证的用户附加上session id等信息。

root@darren-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/cookie_seesion# vim auth_demo/views.py 

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django.contrib  import auth
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    return render(request,"auth_index.html")

def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    else:
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        password = request.POST.get("password")
        user = auth.authenticate(username=username,password=password)
        if user:
            auth.login(request,user)
            request.session["is_login"] = True
            return redirect("/auth_demo/index/")
        else:
            return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
    return render(request,"login.html")

root@darren-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/cookie_seesion# vim templates/auth_index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>auth index page...</h3>
</body>
</html>

访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/auth_demo/index/

都是干净没有seesion的

添加登陆限制

装饰器views配置

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django.contrib  import auth
# Create your views here.
def login_required(func):
    def inner(request,*args,**kwargs):
        if not request.user.is_authenticated:
            return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
        rep = func(request,*args,**kwargs)
        return rep
    return inner

@login_required
def index(request):
    return render(request,"auth_index.html")

def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    else:
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        password = request.POST.get("password")
        user = auth.authenticate(username=username,password=password)
        if user:
            auth.login(request,user)return redirect("/auth_demo/index/")
        else:
            return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
    return render(request,"login.html")

访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/auth_demo/index/,跳转到登录页面

1.4 创建用户

from django.contrib.auth.models import User 
#创建普通用户,密码明文
User.objects.create(username="joy",password="123456")
#创建普通用户,密码密文
User.objects.create_user(username="john",password="123456")
#创建超级管理员用户,密码密文
User.objects.create_superuser(username="darren",password="123456",email="darren@163.com")

查看数据库

 

使用joy账户不能登录,使用john和darren账户可以登录

登录后

 

已经有了seesionid

auth.login(request,user)源码 

def login(request, user, backend=None):
    """
    Persist a user id and a backend in the request. This way a user doesn\'t
    have to reauthenticate on every request. Note that data set during
    the anonymous session is retained when the user logs in.
    """
    session_auth_hash = \'\'
    if user is None:
        user = request.user
    if hasattr(user, \'get_session_auth_hash\'):
        session_auth_hash = user.get_session_auth_hash()

    if SESSION_KEY in request.session:
        if _get_user_session_key(request) != user.pk or (
                session_auth_hash and
                not constant_time_compare(request.session.get(HASH_SESSION_KEY, \'\'), session_auth_hash)):
            # To avoid reusing another user\'s session, create a new, empty
            # session if the existing session corresponds to a different
            # authenticated user.
            request.session.flush()
    else:
        request.session.cycle_key()

    try:
        backend = backend or user.backend
    except AttributeError:
        backends = _get_backends(return_tuples=True)
        if len(backends) == 1:
            _, backend = backends[0]
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                \'You have multiple authentication backends configured and \'
                \'therefore must provide the `backend` argument or set the \'
                \'`backend` attribute on the user.\'
            )
    else:
        if not isinstance(backend, str):
            raise TypeError(\'backend must be a dotted import path string (got %r).\' % backend)

    request.session[SESSION_KEY] = user._meta.pk.value_to_string(user)
    request.session[BACKEND_SESSION_KEY] = backend
    request.session[HASH_SESSION_KEY] = session_auth_hash
    if hasattr(request, \'user\'):
        request.user = user
    rotate_token(request)
    user_logged_in.send(sender=user.__class__, request=request, user=user)

1.5 logout(request) 注销用户

该函数接受一个HttpRequest对象，无返回值。当调用该函数时，当前请求的session信息会全部清除。该用户即使没有登录，使用该函数也不会报错。

添加用户注销

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>auth index page...</h3>
<a href="/auth_demo/logout">注销</a>
</body>
</html>

路由

from django.urls import  path,re_path
from auth_demo import  views
urlpatterns = [
    path(\'index/\', views.index),
    path(\'login/\', views.login),
    path(\'logout/\',views.logout),
]

视图文件

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django.contrib  import auth
# Create your views here.
def login_required(func):
    def inner(request,*args,**kwargs):
        if not request.user.is_authenticated:
            return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
        rep = func(request,*args,**kwargs)
        return rep
    return inner

@login_required
def index(request):
    return render(request,"auth_index.html")

def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    else:
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        password = request.POST.get("password")
        user = auth.authenticate(username=username,password=password)
        if user:
            auth.login(request,user)
            return redirect("/auth_demo/index/")
        else:
            return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
def logout(request):
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")

访问

 

 点击注销

添加一个order页面

from django.urls import  path,re_path
from auth_demo import  views
urlpatterns = [
    path(\'index/\', views.index),
    path(\'login/\', views.login),
    path(\'logout\',views.logout),
    path(\'logout\',views.logout),
]

views视图文件

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django.contrib  import auth
# Create your views here.
def login_required(func):
    def inner(request,*args,**kwargs):
        if not request.user.is_authenticated:
            return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
        rep = func(request,*args,**kwargs)
        return rep
    return inner

@login_required
def index(request):
    return render(request,"auth_index.html")

def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    else:
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        password = request.POST.get("password")
        user = auth.authenticate(username=username,password=password)
        if user:
            auth.login(request,user)
            return redirect("/auth_demo/index/")
        else:
            return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
def logout(request):
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
@login_required
def order(request):
    return HttpResponse("order success")

这样访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/auth_demo/order会跳转到http://127.0.0.1:8000/auth_demo/login/

但是登录后

到了index页面,没有到order页面

User对象

User 对象属性：username， password（必填项）password用哈希算法保存到数据库 

1.6 user对象的 is_authenticated

如果是真正的 User 对象，返回值恒为 True 。 用于检查用户是否已经通过了认证。
通过认证并不意味着用户拥有任何权限，甚至也不检查该用户是否处于激活状态，这只是表明用户成功的通过了认证。 这个方法很重要, 在后台用request.user.is_authenticated判断用户是否已经登录，如果true则可以向前台展示request.user.username

要求：

1  用户登陆后才能访问某些页面，

2  如果用户没有登录就访问该页面的话直接跳到登录页面

3  用户在跳转的登陆界面中完成登陆后，自动访问跳转到之前访问的地址

view视图设置

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django.contrib  import auth
# Create your views here.
def login_required(func):
    def inner(request,*args,**kwargs):
        if not request.user.is_authenticated:
            print(request.path)
            return redirect(\'/auth_demo/login/?next=%s\' % request.path)
        rep = func(request,*args,**kwargs)
        return rep
    return inner

@login_required
def index(request):
    return render(request,"auth_index.html")

def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    else:
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        password = request.POST.get("password")
        user = auth.authenticate(username=username,password=password)
        if user:
            auth.login(request,user)
            path = request.GET.get("next")
            return redirect(path)
        else:
            return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
def logout(request):
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")

@login_required
def order(request):
    return HttpResponse("order success")

访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/auth_demo/order跳转到http://127.0.0.1:8000/auth_demo/login/?next=/auth_demo/order

再次登录就到了order页面

 

 

 点击注销,刷新一下再次登录报错

是因为这段代码在跳转会获取一个next参数,但是在直接登录,没有next参数

            path = request.GET.get("next")
            return redirect(path)

处理

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django.contrib  import auth
# Create your views here.
def login_required(func):
    def inner(request,*args,**kwargs):
        if not request.user.is_authenticated:
            print(request.path)
            return redirect(\'/auth_demo/login/?next=%s\' % request.path)
            return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
        rep = func(request,*args,**kwargs)
        return rep
    return inner

@login_required
def index(request):
    return render(request,"auth_index.html")

def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    else:
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        password = request.POST.get("password")
        user = auth.authenticate(username=username,password=password)
        if user:
            auth.login(request,user)
            #方法三
            path = request.GET.get("next") or "/auth_demo/index/"
            #方法二
            #path = request.GET.get("next","/auth_demo/index/")
            #方法一
            #if not path:
            #    path = "/auth_demo/index/"
            return redirect(path)
        else:
            return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
def logout(request):
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
def logout(request):
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
@login_required
def order(request):
    return HttpResponse("order success")

登录成功

1.7 内置装饰器

上面的功能可以使用内置的一个装饰器完成

http://127.0.0.1:8000/auth_demo/order/变成http://127.0.0.1:8000/accounts/login/?next=/auth_demo/order/ 

 原因,是因为在源码里面

1从这里进去

进入settings

找到global_seettings

这里设置

在用户的setting配置,这里的优先级高于global_settings

root@darren-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/cookie_seesion# vim cookie_seesion/settings.py

LOGIN_URL = \'/auth_demo/login/\'

再次访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/auth_demo/order/跳转到http://127.0.0.1:8000/auth_demo/login/?next=/auth_demo/order/已经正常

1.8 添加用户注册页面

from django.urls import  path,re_path
from auth_demo import  views
urlpatterns = [
    path(\'index/\', views.index),
    path(\'login/\', views.login),
    path(\'logout/\',views.logout),
    path(\'order/\',views.order),
    path(\'register/\',views.register),
]

register.html添加注册表单

root@darren-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/cookie_seesion# vim templates/register.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>用户注册</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <p>用户名: <input type="text" name="username"></p>
    <p>密码: <input type="password" name="password1"></p>
    <p>确认密码: <input type="password" name="password2"></p>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

配置views

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django.contrib  import auth
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from  django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your views here.
#def login_required(func):
#    def inner(request,*args,**kwargs):
#        if not request.user.is_authenticated:
#            print(request.path)
#            return redirect(\'/auth_demo/login/?next=%s\' % request.path)
#            return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
#        rep = func(request,*args,**kwargs)
#        return rep
#    return inner

@login_required
def index(request):
    return render(request,"auth_index.html")

def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    else:
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        password = request.POST.get("password")
        user = auth.authenticate(username=username,password=password)
        if user:
            auth.login(request,user)
            #方法三
            path = request.GET.get("next") or "/auth_demo/index/"
            #方法二
            #path = request.GET.get("next","/auth_demo/index/")
            #方法一
            #if not path:
            #    path = "/auth_demo/index/"
            return redirect(path)
        else:
            return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
def logout(request):
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
def logout(request):
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect("/auth_demo/login/")
@login_required
def order(request):
    return HttpResponse("order success")

def register(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request,"register.html")
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