python操作数据库-SQLSERVER-pyodbc

Posted 2021-03-01 帆帆Evan

刚开始学python时，大家都习惯用pymssql去读写SQLSERVER。但是实际使用过程中，pymssql的读写性能以及可靠性的确不如pyodbc来的好。

正如微软官方推荐使用pyodbc库，作为学习以及生产环境使用。参考链接 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/connect/python/python-driver-for-sql-server?view=sql-server-2017  

 

第一步、为pyodbc Python开发配置开发环境。

1、在Windows上安装Microsoft ODBC SQL Server驱动程序

window根据需要 安装

 Download Microsoft ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server (x64)
 Download Microsoft ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server (x86)

linux以centos为例

参考链接 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/connect/odbc/linux-mac/installing-the-microsoft-odbc-driver-for-sql-server?view=sql-server-2017#redhat17

sudo su

#Download appropriate package for the OS version
#Choose only ONE of the following, corresponding to your OS version

#RedHat Enterprise Server 6
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/6/prod.repo > /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-release.repo

#RedHat Enterprise Server 7
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repo > /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-release.repo

#RedHat Enterprise Server 8 and Oracle Linux 8
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/8/prod.repo > /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-release.repo

exit
sudo yum remove unixODBC-utf16 unixODBC-utf16-devel #to avoid conflicts
sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y yum install msodbcsql17
# optional: for bcp and sqlcmd
sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y yum install mssql-tools
echo ‘export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"‘ >> ~/.bash_profile
echo ‘export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"‘ >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
# optional: for unixODBC development headers
sudo yum install unixODBC-devel

完成odbc驱动的安装后，依赖环境就已经完成了

2、安装pyodbc

这个只要pip安装下就好了。

pip install pyodbc

3、如何使用pyodbc进行t-sql操作

1）简单查询

import pyodbc 
# Some other example server values are
# server = ‘localhostsqlexpress‘ # 实列名称
# server = ‘myserver,port‘ # 如果实例是有特殊端口号的，默认1433
server = ‘tcp:myserver.database.windows.net‘ 
database = ‘mydb‘ 
username = ‘myusername‘ 
password = ‘mypassword‘ 
cnxn = pyodbc.connect(‘DRIVER={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server};SERVER=‘+server+‘;DATABASE=‘+database+‘;UID=‘+username+‘;PWD=‘+ password)
cursor = cnxn.cursor()

cursor.execute("SELECT @@version;") 
row = cursor.fetchone() 
while row: 
    print(row[0])
    row = cursor.fetchone()

2）执行操作

cursor.execute("""
INSERT INTO SalesLT.Product (Name, ProductNumber, StandardCost, ListPrice, SellStartDate) 
VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)""",
‘SQL Server Express New 20‘, ‘SQLEXPRESS New 20‘, 0, 0, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) 
cnxn.commit()
row = cursor.fetchone()

while row: 
    print(‘Inserted Product key is ‘ + str(row[0]))
    row = cursor.fetchone()

3）如何使用window验证

cnxn = pyodbc.connect(‘DRIVER={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server};SERVER=‘+server+‘;DATABASE=‘+database+‘;Trusted_Connection=yes)