python自动化测试_6

Posted 2021-02-20 shaozheng

目录

• 接口测试编码:
  • url编码：
  • 解码：
• 密码登录：
  • 案例：

接口测试编码:

url编码：

from urllib import parse

url = \'http://zzk.cnblogs.com/s/blogpost?Keywords=中文\'
a = \'中文\'
b = parse.quote(a)  # 转urlencode编码
print(b)
print(parse.quote(b))   # 转第二次（若有需求）

解码：

c = \'%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\'
d = parse.unquote(c)

print(d)

f = \'http://zzk.cnblogs.com/s/blogpost?Keywords=%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\'
print(parse.unquote(f))

密码登录：

问题：
	1.每次密码都是变化的，无法通过账号密码登录
     2. 登录有验证码怎么办？
     3.不想看到浏览器启动怎么办？

解决思路：
    1.先用selenium调用浏览器（不会selenium的自己想办法了），
    2.登录后从浏览器里面抓取cookies
    3.把cookies传给s
    4.这样就成功成功了

登录有验证码怎么办？
参考这篇：http://www.cnblogs.com/yoyoketang/p/8610779.html
    
每次都会启动浏览器界面，不想看到浏览器启动怎么办？
解决办法1：用chrome的headless模式  http://www.cnblogs.com/yoyoketang/p/8078873.html   

案例：

chromedriver.exe需要加到环境变量path

from selenium import webdriver

option = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
option.add_argument(\'headless\')  # 静默模式  [后台运行]
# 打开chrome浏览器
driver = webdriver.Chrome( chrome_options=option)
driver.get("https://www.cnblogs.com/yoyoketang")
print(driver.title)

import requests
from selenium import webdriver
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import time

# firefox浏览器配置文件地址
profile_directory = r\'C:\\Users\\admin\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\yn80ouvt.default\'

s = requests.session()  # 新建session
url = "https://home.cnblogs.com/u/yoyoketang"

def get_cookies(url):
    \'\'\'启动selenium获取登录的cookies\'\'\'
    try:
        # 加载配置
        profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile(profile_directory)
        # 启动浏览器配置
        driver = webdriver.Firefox(profile)
        driver.get(url+"/followers")

        time.sleep(3)
        cookies = driver.get_cookies()  # 获取浏览器cookies
        print(cookies)
        driver.quit()
        return cookies
    except Exception as msg:
        print(u"启动浏览器报错了：%s" %str(msg))
def add_cookies(cookies):
    \'\'\'往session添加cookies\'\'\'
    try:
        # 添加cookies到CookieJar
        c = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
        for i in cookies:
            c.set(i["name"], i[\'value\'])

        s.cookies.update(c)  # 更新session里cookies
    except Exception as msg:
        print(u"添加cookies的时候报错了：%s" % str(msg))

def get_ye_nub(url):
    \'\'\'获取粉丝的页面数量\'\'\'
    try:
        # 发请求
        r1 = s.get(url+"/relation/followers")
        soup = BeautifulSoup(r1.content, "html.parser")
        # 抓取我的粉丝数
        fensinub = soup.find_all(class_="current_nav")
        print(fensinub[0].string)
        num = re.findall(u"我的粉丝\\((.+?)\\)", fensinub[0].string)
        print(u"我的粉丝数量：%s"%str(num[0]))

        # 计算有多少页，每页45条
        ye = int(int(num[0])/45)+1
        print(u"总共分页数：%s"%str(ye))
        return ye
    except Exception as msg:
        print(u"获取粉丝页数报错了，默认返回数量1 ：%s"%str(msg))
        return 1

def save_name(nub):
    \'\'\'抓取页面的粉丝名称\'\'\'
    try:
        # 抓取第一页的数据
        if nub <= 1:
            url_page = url+"/relation/followers"
        else:
            url_page = url+"/relation/followers?page=%s" % str(nub)
        print(u"正在抓取的页面：%s" %url_page)
        r2 = s.get(url_page, verify=False)
        soup = BeautifulSoup(r2.content, "html.parser")
        fensi = soup.find_all(class_="avatar_name")
        for i in fensi:
            name = i.string.replace("\\n", "").replace(" ","")
            print(name)
            with open("name.txt", "a") as f:  # 追加写入
                f.write(name.encode("utf-8")+"\\n")

            # python3的改成下面这两行
            # with open("name.txt", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:  # 追加写入
            #     f.write(name+"\\n")
    
 
    except Exception as msg:
        print(u"抓取粉丝名称过程中报错了 ：%s"%str(msg))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    cookies = get_cookies(url)
    add_cookies(cookies)
    n = get_ye_nub(url)
    for i in list(range(1, n+1)):
        save_name(i)