python中random模块的使用

Posted 2021-02-16 dongxixi

import random

random.random() 产生0-1间的随机小数

>>> res = random.random()
>>> print(res)
0.027542593093386247
>>> res = random.random()
>>> print(res)
0.7959514300797362

random.randint(start_num,end_num)  产生指定起终止值中的随机整数，闭合区间 [start_num,end_num],可取到起终止值

>>> res = random.randint(1,11)
>>> print(res)
9
>>> res = random.randint(1,11)
>>> print(res)
3

random.randrange(start_num,end_num) 产生指定起终止值中的随机整数，半开区间[start_num,end_num)

>>> res = random.randrange(1,10)
>>> print(res)
5

random.uniform(start_num,end_num) 产生指定起终止值中的随机小数，全开区间（start_num,end_num）

>>> res = random.uniform(1,10)
>>> print(res)
9.22286461152352
>>> res = random.uniform(1,10)
>>> print(res)
2.7524663134138456
>>> res = random.uniform(1,10)
>>> print(res)
4.339277966397103

randon.choice(iter) 在单列集合iter中随机选出一个元素

>>> k = [1,2,"2","name",12]
>>> res = random.choice(k)
>>> print(res)
2
>>> res = random.choice(k)
>>> print(res)
12

random.sample(iter,n) 在单列集合中随机取出n个元素组成列表返回

>>> k = [1,2,"2","name",12]
>>> res = random.sample(k,3)
>>> print(res)
[1, ‘2‘, ‘name‘]
>>> res = random.sample(k,3)
>>> print(res)
[‘2‘, 12, ‘name‘]

random.shuffle(iter) 将列表元素顺序打散，不产生新的列表

>>> print(k)
[12, ‘name‘, ‘2‘, 1, 2]
>>> res = random.shuffle(k)
>>> print(k)
[‘2‘, ‘name‘, 2, 12, 1]
>>> res = random.shuffle(k)
>>> print(k)
[12, ‘name‘, 1, 2, ‘2‘]
>>>

 实例：

# 产生指定位数的验证码
import random
def random_code(count):
    code = ‘‘
    for i in range(count):
        num = random.randint(1, 3)
        if num == 1:
            tag = str(random.randint(0, 9))
        elif num == 2:
            tag = chr(random.randint(65, 90))
        else:
            tag = chr(random.randint(97, 122))
        code += tag
    return code
print(random_code(6))