基于python的OpenCV图像1

Posted 2021-02-14 wemo

目录

1. 读入图片并显示

import cv2

img = cv2.imread("longmao.jpg")
cv2.imshow("longmao", img)
cv2.waitKey(0) #等待按键，0表示永久等待
cv2.destroyAllWindows() #完成之后销毁窗体

2. RGB通道分离

基于numpy数组的方法

r = img[:, :, 2]
g = img[:, :, 1]
b = img[:, :, 0]

注意：OpenCV读取的顺序是BGR。

**基于OpenCV的RGB通道分离

b, g, r = cv2.split(img) #得到三个通道的值
b = cv2.split(img)[0]

3. RGB通道分离

img2 = cv2.merge([b, g, r])

4. 单像素处理

img[9, 9, 2] #通过数组索引的方式获取某个像素值，
#获取第10行，第10列（从0开始）的单独R颜色分量

5. 遍历图像

img = cv2.imread("longmao.jpg")
img2 = np.zeros(img.shape)
for i in range(img.shape[0]):
    for j in range(img.shape[1]):
        img2[i, j, 0] = img[i, j, 0] #b分量
        #img2[i, j, 1] = img[i, j, 1] #g分量
        #img2[i, j, 2] = img[i, j, 3] #R分量
        #img2[i, j] = cv2.merge([img2[i, j, 0], img2[i, j, 1], img2[i, j, 2]])
cv2.imshow("copy", img2)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows() #完成之后销毁窗体

图片的蓝色分量显示

5. 给图片添加椒盐噪声

import numpy as np
import cv2


def addPepperAndSalt(img, n):
    img2 = img
    for i in range(n):
        x = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[0])
        y = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[1])
        img2[x, y, 0] = 255
        img2[x, y, 1] = 255
        img2[x, y, 2] = 255
    return img2


img = cv2.imread("longmao.jpg")
img2 = addPepperAndSalt(img, 5000)
cv2.imshow("salt and pepper", img2)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

注：np.random.random()：返回[0.0, 1)的随机数，默认是一个，括号里面可以选返回随机数的数量

6. 添加椒盐噪声进阶版

import cv2
import numpy as np

def peppersalt(img, n, m):
    """
    Add peppersalt to image
    :param img: the image you want to add noise
    :param n: the total number of noise (0 <= n <= width*height)
    :param m: different mode
    m=1:add only white noise in whole image
    m=2:add only black noise in whole image
    m=3:add black and white noise in whole image
    m=4:add gray scale noise range from 0 to 255
    m=5:add color noise in whole image,RGB is combined randomly with every channel ranges from 0 to 255
    :return: the processed image
    """
    img2 = img
    if m == 1:
        for i in range(n):
            x = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[0])
            y = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[1])
            img2[x, y, 0] = 255 #添加白色噪声
            img2[x, y, 1] = 255
            img2[x, y, 2] = 255
    elif m == 2:
        for i in range(n):
            x = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[0])
            y = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[1])
            img2[x, y, 0] = 0 #黑色
            img2[x, y, 1] = 0
            img2[x, y, 2] = 0
    elif m == 3:
        for i in range(n):
            x = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[0])
            y = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[1])
            flag = np.random.random() * 255 #随机添加白色或黑色
            if flag > 128:
                img2[x, y, 0] = 255
                img2[x, y, 1] = 255
                img2[x, y, 2] = 255
            else:
                img2[x, y, 0] = 0
                img2[x, y, 1] = 0
                img2[x, y, 2] = 0
    elif m == 4:
        for i in range(n):
            x = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[0])
            y = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[1])
            flag = int(np.random.random() * 255) #随机颜色
            img2[x, y, 0] = flag
            img2[x, y, 1] = flag
            img2[x, y, 2] = flag
    elif m == 5:
        for i in range(n):
            x = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[0])
            y = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[1])
            f1 = int(np.random.random() * 255) #彩色
            f2 = int(np.random.random() * 255)
            f3 = int(np.random.random() * 255)
            img2[x, y, 0] = f1
            img2[x, y, 1] = f2
            img2[x, y, 2] = f3
    return img2

if __name__ == "__main__":
    img = cv2.imread("longmao.jpg")
    img = peppersalt(img, 500, 5)
    cv2.imshow("salt and pepper", img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

7. 实现下雪demo

def snow2pic(img, n):
    """
    
    :param img: input a rgb picture
    :param n: density of the snow
    :return: the pic with snow in the top
    """
    #length, width = img.shape
    #top_length = length * 0.35
    for i in range(n):
        x = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[0] * 0.35)
        y = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[1])
        img[x, y, 0] = 255  # 添加白色噪声
        img[x, y, 1] = 255
        img[x, y, 2] = 255
    for i in range(200):
        x = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[0] * 0.8)
        y = int(np.random.random() * img.shape[1])
        img[x, y, 0] = 255  # 添加白色噪声
        img[x, y, 1] = 255
        img[x, y, 2] = 255
    return img
    
    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    img = cv2.imread("longmao.jpg")
    img = snow2pic(img, 400)
    cv2.imshow("salt and pepper", img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()