Ubuntu安装Apache + mod_wsgi + Trac + Python 2.7

Posted 2020-09-05

概述

Trac是自带wiki的轻量级软件项目管理系统，遵循BSD开源协议的开源软件。项目主页是https://trac.edgewall.org, 源代码在Github上有镜像git://github.com/edgewall/trac.git

Trac可以运行独立服务器，使用下面一行命令即可运行服务器。如果只有一个Trac实例，这种方式完全可以满足需求。

tracd path/to/trac --port=8080

Trac也可以使用Apache来运行，通过加载mod_wsgi模块来实现运行Python web服务器。本文主要介绍在Ubuntu系统上配置Trac。

假设软件已经安装完毕，MySQL-python, Trac(v1.2)及相关依赖也通过pip安装成功。同时假设Trac实例为demo安装在/opt/trac/demo, deploy文件到/opt/trac-deploy

软件准备

• Ubuntu

[email protected]:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.10
Release:        16.10
Codename:       yakkety

• Python2.7/PIP/MySQL5.7/Apache2

[email protected]:~$ python -V
Python 2.7.13
zhongw@s1:~$ mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.17, for Linux (i686) using  EditLine wrapper
zhongw@s1:~$ pip -V
pip 9.0.1 from /home/zhongw/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)
zhongw@s1:~$ /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -v
Server version: Apache/2.4.25 (Unix)
Server built:   Mar 18 2017 15:51:58

• mod_wsgi

Server:Apache/2.4.25 (Unix) mod_wsgi/4.5.15 Python/2.7

编译mod_wsgi

Apache, MySQL, Python都可以通过apt-get来安装，但mod_wsgi需要从源代码编译安装。

从Github找到mod_wsgi的最新发布版本的源代码 https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/mod_wsgi

本文使用的版本是4.5.15

• Configure

[email protected]:~/mod_wsgi-4.5.15$  ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-python=/usr/local/bin/python
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking for prctl... yes
checking Apache version... 2.4.25
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile

• Run make命令编译mod_wsgi

如果出现编译问题，参考官方文档解决，常见的是找不到Python.h等问题，官方有详细说明。

• make install

[email protected]:~/mod_wsgi-4.5.15$ sudo make install
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs -i -S LIBEXECDIR=/usr/local/apache2/modules -n ‘mod_wsgi‘ src/server/mod_wsgi.la
/usr/local/apache2/build/instdso.sh SH_LIBTOOL=‘/usr/local/apr/build-1/libtool‘ src/server/mod_wsgi.la /usr/local/apache2/modules
/usr/local/apr/build-1/libtool --mode=install install src/server/mod_wsgi.la /usr/local/apache2/modules/
libtool: install: install src/server/.libs/mod_wsgi.so /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_wsgi.so
libtool: install: install src/server/.libs/mod_wsgi.lai /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_wsgi.la
libtool: install: install src/server/.libs/mod_wsgi.a /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_wsgi.a
libtool: install: chmod 644 /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_wsgi.a
libtool: install: ranlib /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_wsgi.a
libtool: finish: PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin:/sbin" ldconfig -n /usr/local/apache2/modules
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Libraries have been installed in:
   /usr/local/apache2/modules

If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR‘
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
   - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH‘ environment variable
     during execution
   - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH‘ environment variable
     during linking
   - use the `-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR‘ linker flag
   - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf‘

See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
chmod 755 /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_wsgi.so
zhongw@s1:~/mod_wsgi-4.5.15$

mod_wsgi.so模块已经安装到了apache的modules目录。

验证一下mod_wsgi模块

[email protected]:/usr/local/apache2/modules$ ldd mod_wsgi.so
        linux-gate.so.1 =>  (0xb7735000)
        libpython2.7.so.1.0 => /usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 (0xb74ba000)
        libpthread.so.0 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0xb749d000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xb72e1000)
        libdl.so.2 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0xb72dc000)
        libutil.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libutil.so.1 (0xb72d8000)
        libm.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0xb7282000)
        /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x80065000)

配置httpd.conf

1. 在加载模块的位置增加对mod_wsgi的支持

LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so

2. 使用apache的htpasswd生成密码文件，Trac使用生成的密码文件来管理用户。

htpasswd -c /opt/trac.htpasswd admin
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user admin

3. 增加Directory和VirtualHost配置

<Directory /opt/trac-deploy/cgi-bin>
    WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
    <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
        Require all granted
    </IfModule>
</Directory>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName localhost
    DocumentRoot "/opt/trac-deploy/htdocs"
    WSGIScriptAlias / /opt/trac-deploy/cgi-bin/trac.wsgi
    <LocationMatch "/login">
        AuthType Basic
        AuthName "Trac"
        AuthUserFile /opt/trac.htpasswd
        Require valid-user
    </LocationMatch>
</VirtualHost>

重启动服务后浏览Trac