Python3之greenlet&gevent模块
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一.greenlet模块
简单实现单线程内的任务切换:
1: import greenlet
2: def eat(name):3: print("%s eat 1" % name)4: # 第二步5: g2.switch("egon")
6: print("%s eat 2" % name)7: # 第四步8: g2.switch()9: def play(name):10: print("%s play 1" % name)11: # 第三步12: g1.switch()13: print("%s play 2" % name)14: g1 = greenlet.greenlet(eat)15: g2 = greenlet.greenlet(play)16: # 第一步17: g1.switch("egon")
对照结果:
1: egon eat 12: egon play 13: egon eat 24: egon play 2
注意单纯的切换(没有io的情况下或者没有重复开辟内存空间的操作),反而会降低程序的执行速度。
二.gevent模块
Gevent 是一个第三方库,可以轻松通过gevent实现并发同步或异步编程。
用法:
1: g1=gevent.spawn(func,1,,2,3,x=4,y=5)创建一个协程对象g1,spawn括号内第一个参数是函数名,如eat,后面可以有多个参数,可以是位置实参或关键字实参,都是传给函数eat的2:3: g2=gevent.spawn(func2)4:5: g1.join() #等待g1结束
6:7: g2.join() #等待g2结束
8:9: #或者上述两步合作一步:gevent.joinall([g1,g2])10:11: g1.value#拿到func1的返回值
遇到IO阻塞时会自动切换任务
1: import gevent
2: def eat(name):3: print(‘%s eat 1‘ %name)4: gevent.sleep(2)5: print(‘%s eat 2‘ %name)6: def play(name):7: print(‘%s play 1‘ %name)8: gevent.sleep(1)9: print(‘%s play 2‘ %name)10: g1=gevent.spawn(eat,‘egon‘)11: g2=gevent.spawn(play,name=‘egon‘)
12: g1.join()
13: g2.join()
14: #或者gevent.joinall([g1,g2])15: print(‘回到主‘)
上例gevent.sleep(2)模拟的是gevent可以识别的io阻塞,
而time.sleep(2)或其他的阻塞,gevent是不能直接识别的需要用下面一行代码,打补丁,就可以识别了
from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()必须放到被打补丁者的前面,如time,socket模块之前
1: from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()
2:3: import gevent
4: import time5: def eat():
6: print(‘eat food 1‘)
7: time.sleep(2)
8: print(‘eat food 2‘)
9:10: def play():
11: print(‘play 1‘)
12: time.sleep(1)
13: print(‘play 2‘)
14:15: g1=gevent.spawn(eat)16: g2=gevent.spawn(play_phone)17: gevent.joinall([g1,g2])18: print(‘主‘)
通过gevent实现单线程下的socket并发(from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()一定要放到导入socket模块之前,否则gevent无法识别socket的阻塞)
server
1: from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()
2: from socket import *
3: import gevent
4:5: #如果不想用money.patch_all()打补丁,可以用gevent自带的socket6: # from gevent import socket
7: # s=socket.socket()8:9: def server(server_ip,port):
10: s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)11: s.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,1)12: s.bind((server_ip,port))13: s.listen(5)14: while True:15: conn,addr=s.accept()16: gevent.spawn(talk,conn,addr)17:18: def talk(conn,addr):
19: try:20: while True:21: res=conn.recv(1024)22: print(‘client %s:%s msg: %s‘ %(addr[0],addr[1],res))
23: conn.send(res.upper())
24: except Exception as e:25: print(e)
26: finally:27: conn.close()
28:29: if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:30: server(‘127.0.0.1‘,8080)
client
1: from threading import Thread
2: from socket import *
3: import threading
4:5: def client(server_ip,port):
6: c=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) #套接字对象一定要加到函数内,即局部名称空间内,放在函数外则被所有线程共享,则大家公用一个套接字对象,那么客户端端口永远一样了7: c.connect((server_ip,port))8:9: count=0
10: while True:11: c.send((‘%s say hello %s‘ %(threading.current_thread().getName(),count)).encode(‘utf-8‘))12: msg=c.recv(1024)13: print(msg.decode(‘utf-8‘))14: count+=1
15: if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:16: for i in range(500):17: t=Thread(target=client,args=(‘127.0.0.1‘,8080))18: t.start()
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