Python之逻辑回归模型来预测
Posted IT嘟嘟
tags:
篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了Python之逻辑回归模型来预测相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。
建立一个逻辑回归模型来预测一个学生是否被录取。
import numpy as np import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import os path=\'data\'+os.sep+\'Logireg_data.txt\' pdData=pd.read_csv(path,header=None,names=[\'Exam1\',\'Exam2\',\'Admitted\']) pdData.head() print(pdData.head()) print(pdData.shape) positive=pdData[pdData[\'Admitted\']==1]#定义正 nagative=pdData[pdData[\'Admitted\']==0]#定义负 fig,ax=plt.subplots(figsize=(10,5)) ax.scatter(positive[\'Exam1\'],positive[\'Exam2\'],s=30,c=\'b\',marker=\'o\',label=\'Admitted\') ax.scatter(nagative[\'Exam1\'],nagative[\'Exam2\'],s=30,c=\'r\',marker=\'x\',label=\'not Admitted\') ax.legend() ax.set_xlabel(\'Exam 1 score\') ax.set_ylabel(\'Exam 2 score\') plt.show()#画图 ##实现算法 the logistics regression 目标建立一个分类器 设置阈值来判断录取结果 ##sigmoid 函数 def sigmoid(z): return 1/(1+np.exp(-z)) #画图 nums=np.arange(-10,10,step=1) fig,ax=plt.subplots(figsize=(12,4)) ax.plot(nums,sigmoid(nums),\'r\')#画图定义 plt.show() #按照理论实现预测函数 def model(X,theta): return sigmoid(np.dot(X,theta.T)) pdData.insert(0,\'ones\',1)#插入一列 orig_data=pdData.as_matrix() cols=orig_data.shape[1] X=orig_data[:,0:cols-1] y=orig_data[:,cols-1:cols] theta=np.zeros([1,3]) print(X[:5]) print(X.shape,y.shape,theta.shape) ##损失函数 def cost(X,y,theta): left=np.multiply(-y,np.log(model(X,theta))) right=np.multiply(1-y,np.log(1-model(X,theta))) return np.sum(left-right)/(len(X)) print(cost(X,y,theta)) #计算梯度 def gradient(X, y, theta): grad = np.zeros(theta.shape) error = (model(X, theta) - y).ravel() for j in range(len(theta.ravel())): # for each parmeter term = np.multiply(error, X[:, j]) grad[0, j] = np.sum(term) / len(X) return grad ##比较3种不同梯度下降方法 STOP_ITER=0 STOP_COST=1 STOP_GRAD=2 def stopCriterion(type,value,threshold): if type==STOP_ITER: return value>threshold elif type==STOP_COST: return abs(value[-1]-value[-2])<threshold elif type==STOP_GRAD: return np.linalg.norm(value)<threshold import numpy.random #打乱数据洗牌 def shuffledata(data): np.random.shuffle(data) cols=data.shape[1] X=data[:,0:cols-1] y=data[:,cols-1:] return X,y import time def descent(data, theta, batchSize, stopType, thresh, alpha): # 梯度下降求解 init_time = time.time() i = 0 # 迭代次数 k = 0 # batch X, y = shuffledata(data) grad = np.zeros(theta.shape) # 计算的梯度 costs = [cost(X, y, theta)] # 损失值 while True: grad = gradient(X[k:k + batchSize], y[k:k + batchSize], theta) k += batchSize # 取batch数量个数据 if k >= n: k = 0 X, y = shuffledata(data) # 重新洗牌 theta = theta - alpha * grad # 参数更新 costs.append(cost(X, y, theta)) # 计算新的损失 i += 1 if stopType == STOP_ITER: value = i elif stopType == STOP_COST: value = costs elif stopType == STOP_GRAD: value = grad if stopCriterion(stopType, value, thresh): break return theta, i - 1, costs, grad, time.time() - init_time #选择梯度下降 def runExpe(data, theta, batchSize, stopType, thresh, alpha): #import pdb; pdb.set_trace(); theta, iter, costs, grad, dur = descent(data, theta, batchSize, stopType, thresh, alpha) name = "Original" if (data[:,1]>2).sum() > 1 else "Scaled" name += " data - learning rate: {} - ".format(alpha) if batchSize==n: strDescType = "Gradient" elif batchSize==1: strDescType = "Stochastic" else: strDescType = "Mini-batch ({})".format(batchSize) name += strDescType + " descent - Stop: " if stopType == STOP_ITER: strStop = "{} iterations".format(thresh) elif stopType == STOP_COST: strStop = "costs change < {}".format(thresh) else: strStop = "gradient norm < {}".format(thresh) name += strStop print ("***{}\\nTheta: {} - Iter: {} - Last cost: {:03.2f} - Duration: {:03.2f}s".format( name, theta, iter, costs[-1], dur)) fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12,4)) ax.plot(np.arange(len(costs)), costs, \'r\') ax.set_xlabel(\'Iterations\') ax.set_ylabel(\'Cost\') ax.set_title(name.upper() + \' - Error vs. Iteration\') return theta n= 100 runExpe(orig_data,theta,n,STOP_ITER,thresh=5000,alpha=0.000001) plt.show() runExpe(orig_data,theta,n,STOP_GRAD,thresh=0.05,alpha=0.001) plt.show() runExpe(orig_data,theta,n,STOP_COST,thresh=0.000001,alpha=0.001) plt.show() #对比 runExpe(orig_data, theta, 1, STOP_ITER, thresh=5000, alpha=0.001) plt.show() runExpe(orig_data, theta, 1, STOP_ITER, thresh=15000, alpha=0.000002) plt.show() runExpe(orig_data, theta, 16, STOP_ITER, thresh=15000, alpha=0.001) plt.show() ##对数据进行标准化 将数据按其属性(按列进行)减去其均值,然后除以其方差。 #最后得到的结果是,对每个属性/每列来说所有数据都聚集在0附近,方差值为1 from sklearn import preprocessing as pp scaled_data = orig_data.copy() scaled_data[:, 1:3] = pp.scale(orig_data[:, 1:3]) runExpe(scaled_data, theta, n, STOP_ITER, thresh=5000, alpha=0.001) #设定阈值 def predict(X, theta): return [1 if x >= 0.5 else 0 for x in model(X, theta)] # if __name__==\'__main__\': scaled_X = scaled_data[:, :3] y = scaled_data[:, 3] predictions = predict(scaled_X, theta) correct = [1 if ((a == 1 and b == 1) or (a == 0 and b == 0)) else 0 for (a, b) in zip(predictions, y)] accuracy = (sum(map(int, correct)) % len(correct)) print (\'accuracy = {0}%\'.format(accuracy))
运行结果
Exam1 Exam2 Admitted 0 34.623660 78.024693 0 1 30.286711 43.894998 0 2 35.847409 72.902198 0 3 60.182599 86.308552 1 4 79.032736 75.344376 1 (100, 3) [[ 1. 34.62365962 78.02469282] [ 1. 30.28671077 43.89499752] [ 1. 35.84740877 72.90219803] [ 1. 60.18259939 86.3085521 ] [ 1. 79.03273605 75.34437644]] (100, 3) (100, 1) (1, 3) 0.6931471805599453 ***Original data - learning rate: 1e-06 - Gradient descent - Stop: 5000 iterations Theta: [[-0.00027127 0.00705232 0.00376711]] - Iter: 5000 - Last cost: 0.63 - Duration: 1.42s ***Original data - learning rate: 0.001 - Gradient descent - Stop: gradient norm < 0.05 Theta: [[-2.37033409 0.02721692 0.01899456]] - Iter: 40045 - Last cost: 0.49 - Duration: 11.63s ***Original data - learning rate: 0.001 - Gradient descent - Stop: costs change < 1e-06 Theta: [[-5.13364014 0.04771429 0.04072397]] - Iter: 109901 - Last cost: 0.38 - Duration: 32.27s ***Original data - learning rate: 0.001 - Stochastic descent - Stop: 5000 iterations Theta: [[-0.36946801 0.0618896 0.05188799]] - Iter: 5000 - Last cost: 2.28 - Duration: 0.60s ***Original data - learning rate: 2e-06 - Stochastic descent - Stop: 15000 iterations Theta: [[-0.00201976 0.01010609 0.00105193]] - Iter: 15000 - Last cost: 0.63 - Duration: 1.67s ***Original data - learning rate: 0.001 - Mini-batch (16) descent - Stop: 15000 iterations Theta: [[-1.03184406 0.02958433 0.02230517]] - Iter: 15000 - Last cost: 0.80 - Duration: 2.10s ***Scaled data - learning rate: 0.001 - Gradient descent - Stop: 5000 iterations Theta: [[0.3080807 0.86494967 0.77367651]] - Iter: 5000 - Last cost: 0.38 - Duration: 1.51s accuracy = 60%
程序用到的测试数据:
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Enr4JcPVzBiUCfvEYiVmlQ
提取码:lg51
以上是关于Python之逻辑回归模型来预测的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章