Python随心记--类的内置attr属性
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class Foo: x = 1 def __init__(self,y): self.y = y def __getattr__(self, item): #如果对象不存在的属性是会触发 print(‘执行了__gerattr__‘) def __delattr__(self, item): #删除的时候会触发 print(‘执行了__delattr__‘) self.__dict__.pop(item) def __setattr__(self, key, value): #设置属性是会触发,比如foo.x 当x不存在的时候就会触发__setattr__ print(‘执行了__setattr__‘) #self.key = value #不能致盲设置属性,会变成死循环(递归) self.__dict__[key] = value foo = Foo(11) print(dir(Foo))
组合的方式完成授权
import time class FileHandle: def __init__(self,filename,mode=‘r‘,encoding=‘utf8‘): # self.filename = filename self.file = open(filename,mode,encoding=‘utf8‘) self.mode = mode self.encoding = encoding def write(self,line): t = time.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d %T‘) return self.file.write(‘%s %s‘ %(t,line)) def __getattr__(self, item): # print(‘您请求的方法不存在‘) # self.file.read return getattr(self.file,item) #返回self.file中的read方法 filehandle = FileHandle(‘a.txt‘,‘w+‘) # print(filehandle.read) filehandle.write(‘1111 ‘) filehandle.write(‘2222 ‘) filehandle.write(‘3333 ‘)
继承+派生完成包装
class List(list): def show_medllo(self): mid_index = int(len(self)/2); return self[mid_index] def append(self, p_object): if type(p_object) is str: # list.append(self,p_object) super().append(p_object) else: print(‘O(∩_∩)O,类型错了‘) li = List(‘helloworld‘) print(li.show_medllo()) li.append(‘720‘) print(li)
issubclass() isinstance()
class Foo: pass foo = Foo() isinstance(foo,Foo) issubclass(C,B) #c类名雷曼B 判断c是否是继承B
__getattribute__
class Foo: def __init__(self,x): self.x = x def __getattr__(self, item): print(‘执行了__getattr__‘) def __getattribute__(self, item): #属性有或者没有都出发她 print(‘执行了__getattribute__‘) raise AttributeError(‘抛出异常了‘) # raise TabError(‘xxxxxxxxxxxxx‘) foo = Foo(1) foo.xxxx
item系列
class Foo: def __getitem__(self, item): print(‘getitem‘) def __setitem__(self, key, value): print(‘setitem‘) def __delitem__(self, key): print(‘delitem‘)
__str__ :自定义对象的显示方式
__repr__:自定义对象的显示方式
class Foo: def __str__(self): return ‘自定义对象的显示方式‘ def __repr__(self): return ‘自定义对象的显示方式1‘
定制__format__
x = ‘{0}{0}{0}‘.format(‘dog‘) print(x) format_dic={ ‘ymd‘:‘{0.year}{0.mon}{0.day}‘, ‘m-d-y‘:‘{0.mon}-{0.day}-{0.year}‘, ‘y:m:d‘:‘{0.year}:{0.mon}:{0.day}‘ } class Date: def __init__(self,year,mon,day): self.year=year self.mon=mon self.day=day def __format__(self, format_spec): print(‘我执行啦‘) print(‘--->‘,format_spec) if not format_spec or format_spec not in format_dic: format_spec=‘ymd‘ fm=format_dic[format_spec] return fm.format(self) d1=Date(2016,12,26) # format(d1) #d1.__format__() # print(format(d1)) print(format(d1,‘ymd‘)) print(format(d1,‘y:m:d‘)) print(format(d1,‘m-d-y‘)) print(format(d1,‘m-d:y‘)) print(‘===========>‘,format(d1,‘asdfasdfsadfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasd‘))
slots 属性 ,可节省内存(不推荐使用)
class Foo: __slots__ = [‘name‘,‘age‘] #实例化的对象不再有__dict__方法 f = Foo() f.name = ‘lin‘ print(f.name)
__class__、__module__:查看对象来自那一模块
__del__:析构方法
__call__
class Foo: def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): print(‘对象加小括号()也可以运行啦‘) f = Foo() f()
迭代器协议:
class Foo: def __init__(self,n): self.n = n def __iter__(self): #加上后对象就可迭代 ,for循环 pass def __next__(self): if self.n == 13: raise StopIteration(‘凉了‘) self.n += 1 return self.n f = Foo(10) print(f.__next__()) print(f.__next__()) print(f.__next__())
#斐那锲波 class Fib: def __init__(self): self._a = 1 self._b = 1 def __iter__(self): return self def __next__(self): if self._a > 100: raise StopIteration(‘凉凉了‘) self._a,self._b = self._b,self._a + self._b return self._a f = Fib() print(next(f)) print(next(f)) for i in f: print(i)
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