python之requests

Posted 2021-01-30 才华充电中

requests

requests是python实现的简单易用的HTTP库，使用起来比urllib简洁很多

用法

各种请求方式，最好加上头信息和异常判断

import requests

requests.get(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘)
requests.post(‘http://httpbin.org/post‘)
requests.put(‘http://httpbin.org/put‘)
requests.delete(‘http://httpbin.org/delete‘)
requests.head(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘)
requests.options(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘)

url参数

1.直接放在url

import requests

response = requests.get(http://httpbin.org/get?name=gemey&age=22)
print(response.text)

2.放在一个字典中

import requests

data = {
    ‘name‘: ‘tom‘,
    ‘age‘: 20
}

response = requests.get(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘, params=data)
print(response.text)

添加头信息

import requests
heads = {}
heads[‘User-Agent‘] = ‘Mozilla/5.0 ‘                           ‘(Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 ‘                           ‘(KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50‘
 response = requests.get(‘http://www.baidu.com‘,headers=headers)

属性

r.status_code

http请求的返回状态，200表示连接成功，404表示连接失败

r.text

http响应内容的字符串形式，url对应的页面内容

r.encoding

从HTTP header中猜测的响应内容编码方式

r.apparent_encoding

从内容分析出的响应内容的编码方式（备选编码方式）

r.content

HTTP响应内容的二进制形式

r.headers

http响应内容的头部内容

r..cookies

获取cookie

r.Session

会话维持

解析json

import requests

response = requests.get(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘)
print(response.text)
print(response.json())  #response.json()方法同json.loads(response.text)
print(type(response.json()))

保存二进制文件

import requests

response = requests.get(‘http://img.ivsky.com/img/tupian/pre/201708/30/kekeersitao-002.jpg‘)
b = response.content
with open(‘F://fengjing.jpg‘,‘wb‘) as f:
    f.write(b)