饮冰三年-人工智能-Python-22 Python初始Django
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1：一个简单的web框架
# 导包 from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server #自定义个处理函数 def application(environ,start_response): start_response("200 OK",[(\'Content-Type\',\'text/html\')]) return [b\'<h1>Hello,web!</h1>\'] httpd = make_server(\'\',8091,application) print(\'Serving HTTP on port 8091....\') httpd.serve_forever()
# 导包 from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server #自定义个处理函数 def application(environ,start_response): # 获取路径 path = environ["PATH_INFO"] start_response("200 OK",[(\'Content-Type\',\'text/html\')]) if path=="/yang": return [b\'<h1>Hello,yang!</h1>\'] elif path=="/Aaron": return [b\'<h1>Hello,aaron!</h1>\'] else: return [b\'<h1>404!</h1>\'] httpd = make_server(\'\',8091,application) print(\'Serving HTTP on port 8091....\') httpd.serve_forever()
# 导包 from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server def yang(): f=open("yang.html","rb") data=f.read() return data def aaron(): f=open("aaron.html","rb") data=f.read() return data #自定义个处理函数 def application(environ,start_response): # 获取路径 path = environ["PATH_INFO"] start_response("200 OK",[(\'Content-Type\',\'text/html\')]) if path=="/yang": return [yang()] elif path=="/Aaron": return [aaron()] else: return [b\'<h1>404!</h1>\'] httpd = make_server(\'\',8091,application) print(\'Serving HTTP on port 8091....\') httpd.serve_forever()
# 导包 import time from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server def region(req): pass; def login(req): print(req["QUERY_STRING"]) f=open("login.html",\'rb\') data=f.read(); return data; def yang(req): f=open("yang.html","rb") data=f.read() return data def aaron(req): f=open("aaron.html","rb") data=f.read() return data def show_time(req): times=time.ctime() # 方法一：通过模板使用 # con=("<h1>time:%s</h1>" %str(times)).encode("utf8") # return con # 方法二：字符串替换 f = open("show_time.html", "rb") data = f.read() data=data.decode("utf8") data =data.replace("{{time}}",str(times)) return data.encode("utf8") # 定义路由 def router(): url_patterns=[ ("/login",login), ("/region", region), ("/yang", yang), ("/aaron", aaron), ("/show_time",show_time), ] return url_patterns #自定义个处理函数 def application(environ,start_response): # 获取路径 path = environ["PATH_INFO"] start_response("200 OK",[(\'Content-Type\',\'text/html\')]) url_patterns = router() func =None for item in url_patterns: if item[0]==path: func=item[1] break if func: return [func(environ)] else: return [b\'404\'] httpd = make_server(\'\',8091,application) print(\'Serving HTTP on port 8091....\') httpd.serve_forever()
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> *{ margin: 0; padding: 0; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>时间：{{time}}}</h1> </body> </html>
2：一个简单的django案例
Django的下载与安装
如何检验是否安装成功？
2.1 创建django项目的两种方法
--创建Django项目 django-admin startproject mysite --创建应用 python manage.py startapp blog
方式2：通过Pycharm创建
创建成功
大致分为三步
a：修改urls.py 类似控制器，把想要展示的内容通过地址配置一下
b:在views中设置具体的逻辑
c：在templates中设置要显示的页面内容
通过命令行启动django。
python manage.py runserver 8091
如何引用js
a：添加static文件，并把js放置到该文件下
b：在setting文件中配置
c：在对应的文件中做引用
3：URL配置(URLconf)：又叫做路由系统，其本质是提供路径和视图函数之间的调用映射表。
格式：
urlpatterns=[
url(正在表达式，views视图函数，参数，别名)
]
例1：匹配 XXX/articles/年份（只能匹配4位数字）
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from django.conf.urls import url from blog import views urlpatterns = [ path(\'admin/\', admin.site.urls), path(\'show_time/\',views.show_time), url(r\'^articles/[0-9]{4}/$\', views.year_archive), ]
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse import time def show_time(request): # return HttpResponse("Hello") return render(request,"index.html",{"time":time.ctime()}) # Create your views here. def year_archive(request): return HttpResponse("2018");
例2：如何获取到地址栏中的年份（通过路由添加()匹配）
例3：给分组命名
urls中的配置
url(r\'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})$\', views.year_archive),
views视图中的代码
return HttpResponse(year+"-"+month)
例四：注册小练习
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post"> <p>姓名 <input type="text" name="name"></p> <p>年龄 <input type="text" name="age"></p> <p>爱好 <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="1">读书 <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="2">写字 <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="3">看报 </p> <p><input type="submit"></p> </form> </body> </html>
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse import time def show_time(request): # return HttpResponse("Hello") return render(request,"index.html",{"time":time.ctime()}) # Create your views here. def year_archive(request,month,year): return HttpResponse(year+"-"+month) def Register(request): if request.method=="POST": con="Hello,%s，你的年龄是%s"%(request.POST.get("name"),request.POST.get("age")) return HttpResponse(con) return render(request,"Register.html")
"""django01 URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/ Examples: Function views 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path(\'\', views.home, name=\'home\') Class-based views 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path(\'\', Home.as_view(), name=\'home\') Including another URLconf 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path(\'blog/\', include(\'blog.urls\')) """ from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from django.conf.urls import url from blog import views urlpatterns = [ path(\'admin/\', admin.site.urls), path(\'show_time/\',views.show_time), url(r\'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})$\', views.year_archive), url(r\'^Register/\', views.Register), ]
注意：需要把这句代码给注释掉
效果图
在url中给地址设置一个别名，这样后期Register名称的修改将不影响系统中其他调用的功能
URL分发
效果：
4：视图（Views）
http请求中产生两个核心对象：
http请求：HttpRequest对象
http响应：HttpResponse对象
4.1 HttpRequest对象的属性和方法：
4.2 HttpResponse对象：
页面渲染： render()（推荐）<br> render_to_response(),
页面跳转： redirect("路径")locals()： 可以直接将函数中所有的变量传给模板
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> 4.1 HttpRequest对象的属性和方法： <br/> 姓名： {{ name}} <br/> 年龄：{{ age }} <br/> 路径：{{ reqPath }} <br/> 全路径：{{ reqFullPath }} <br/> 请求方法：{{ request.method }} <br/> 4.2 HttpResponse对象： <br/> 页面渲染：render()（推荐）<br> 页面渲染：render_to_response <br/> render_to_response(), 页面跳转： redirect("路径") locals()： 可以直接将函数中所有的变量传给模板 </body> </html>
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from django.conf.urls import url,include from blog import views urlpatterns = [ url(r\'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})$\', views.year_archive), url(r\'^Register2/\', views.Register,name=\'reg\'), url(r\'^Welcome/\', views.Welcome, name=\'we\'), ]
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,render_to_response,redirect import time def show_time(request): # return HttpResponse("Hello") return render(request,"index.html",{"time":time.ctime()}) # Create your views here. def year_archive(request,month,year): return HttpResponse(year+"-"+month) def Register(request): if request.method=="POST": # name = request.POST.get("name") # age =request.POST.get("age") # reqPath= request.path # reqFullPath = request.get_full_path() # return redirect("../Welcome",locals()) Welcome(request) return redirect("../Welcome", locals()) return render(request, "Register2.html") def Welcome(request): name = "张三" age = "李四" reqPath = request.path reqFullPath = request.get_full_path() return render_to_response("Welcome.html",locals())
5：模板（HTML+逻辑控制代码）
5.1 变量
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,render_to_response,redirect import time def show_time(request): # return HttpResponse("Hello") return render(request,"index.html",{"time":time.ctime()}) # Create your views here. def year_archive(request,month,year): return HttpResponse(year+"-"+month) def Register(request): if request.method=="POST": # name = request.POST.get("name") # age =request.POST.get("age") # reqPath= request.path # reqFullPath = request.get_full_path() # return redirect("../Welcome",locals()) Welcome(request) return redirect("../Welcome", locals()) return render(request, "Register2.html") def Welcome(request): name = [\'zhangsan\',\'lisi\'] age = "李四1" reqPath = request.path reqFullPath = request.get_full_path() return render_to_response("Welcome.html",locals()) class CVariable(): def __init__(self,name,age): self.name=name self.age = age def Variable(request): test1=\'字符串变量直接显示\' test2=[\'apples\', \'bananas\', \'carrots\'] test3={"name":"字典名称","age":12} test4=CVariable("张三",12) return render(request,"Variable.html",locals())
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> {% load staticfiles %} </head> <body> <p>字符串变量：{{ test1 }}</p> <p>数组变量：{{ test2.1 }}</p> <p>字典变量：{{ test3.name }}</p> <p>类变量：{{ test4.age }}</p> <p>转大写：{{ test2.1.upper }}</p> </body> </html>
5.2 过滤器
语法格式： {{obj|filter:param}}
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> {% load staticfiles %} </head> <body> <p>字符串变量：{{ test1 }}</p> <p>数组变量：{{ test2.1 }}</p> <p>字典变量：{{ test3.name }}</p> <p>类变量：{{ test4.age }}</p> <p>转大写：{{ test2.1.upper }}</p> <p>---------我是过滤器的分割线-----------</p> <p>过滤器转大写：{{ test2.1|upper }}</p> <p>过滤器+3：{{ test4.age|add:3 }}</p> <p>过滤器移除a字符：{{ test2.1|cut:\'a\' }}</p> <p>过滤器日期格式化：{{ test5|date:\'Y-m-d\' }}</p> <p>过滤器判断是否为空：{{ test6|default:\'空的\' }}</p> <p>过滤器判断是否None：{{ test7|default_if_none:"None值" }}</p> <p>过滤器链接：{{ test8|safe }}</p> <p>过滤器链接2： {% autoescape off %} {{ test8 }} {% endautoescape%} </p> <p>过滤器计算长度：{{ test2|length }}</p> <p>过滤器取第一个元素：{{ test2|first }}</p> </body> </html>
5.3 标签（tag）的使用
5.3.1 if 和for
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