使用Python3将Markdown（.md）文本转换成 htmlpdf
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一、Markdown中不同的文本内容会分成不同的文本块，并通过markdown的语法控制进行文本的拼接，组成新的文件。
二、利用Python3实现（.md）文件转换成（.html）文件
在cmd命令行下进入（.py）文件目录下，使用命令进行执行
>python md2html.py <file.md> <file.html>
import sys, re #生成器模块 def lines(file): #在文本最后加一空行 for line in file: yield line yield ‘ ‘ def blocks(file): #生成单独的文本块 block = [] for line in lines(file): if line.strip(): block.append(line) elif block: yield ‘‘.join(block).strip() block = [] #文本块处理程序 class Handler: """ 处理程序父类 """ def callback(self, prefix, name, *args): method = getattr(self, prefix + name, None) if callable(method): return method(*args) def start(self, name): self.callback(‘start_‘, name) def end(self, name): self.callback(‘end_‘, name) def sub(self, name): def substitution(match): result = self.callback(‘sub_‘, name, match) if result is None: result = match.group(0) return result return substitution class HTMLRenderer(Handler): """ HTML处理程序,给文本块加相应的HTML标记 """ def start_document(self): print(‘<html><head><title>Python文本解析</title></head><body>‘) def end_document(self): print(‘</body></html>‘) def start_paragraph(self): print(‘<p style="color: #444;">‘) def end_paragraph(self): print(‘</p>‘) def start_heading(self): print(‘<h2 style="color: #68BE5D;">‘) def end_heading(self): print(‘</h2>‘) def start_list(self): print(‘<ul style="color: #363736;">‘) def end_list(self): print(‘</ul>‘) def start_listitem(self): print(‘<li>‘) def end_listitem(self): print(‘</li>‘) def start_title(self): print(‘<h1 style="color: #1ABC9C;">‘) def end_title(self): print(‘</h1>‘) def sub_emphasis(self, match): return(‘<em>%s</em>‘ % match.group(1)) def sub_url(self, match): return(‘<a target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none;color: #BC1A4B;" href="%s">%s</a>‘ % (match.group(1), match.group(1))) def sub_mail(self, match): return(‘<a style="text-decoration: none;color: #BC1A4B;" href="mailto:%s">%s</a>‘ % (match.group(1), match.group(1))) def feed(self, data): print(data) #规则，判断每个文本块应该如何处理 class Rule: """ 规则父类 """ def action(self, block, handler): """ 加标记 """ handler.start(self.type) handler.feed(block) handler.end(self.type) return True class HeadingRule(Rule): """ 一号标题规则 """ type = ‘heading‘ def condition(self, block): """ 判断文本块是否符合规则 """ return not ‘ ‘ in block and len(block) <= 70 and not block[-1] == ‘:‘ class TitleRule(HeadingRule): """ 二号标题规则 """ type = ‘title‘ first = True def condition(self, block): if not self.first: return False self.first = False return HeadingRule.condition(self, block) class ListItemRule(Rule): """ 列表项规则 """ type = ‘listitem‘ def condition(self, block): return block[0] == ‘-‘ def action(self, block, handler): handler.start(self.type) handler.feed(block[1:].strip()) handler.end(self.type) return True class ListRule(ListItemRule): """ 列表规则 """ type = ‘list‘ inside = False def condition(self, block): return True def action(self, block, handler): if not self.inside and ListItemRule.condition(self, block): handler.start(self.type) self.inside = True elif self.inside and not ListItemRule.condition(self, block): handler.end(self.type) self.inside = False return False class ParagraphRule(Rule): """ 段落规则 """ type = ‘paragraph‘ def condition(self, block): return True class Code(Rule): ‘‘‘ 代码框规则 高亮显示规则 。。。 ‘‘‘ pass # 对整个文本进行解析 class Parser: """ 解析器父类 """ def __init__(self, handler): self.handler = handler self.rules = [] self.filters = [] def addRule(self, rule): """ 添加规则 """ self.rules.append(rule) def addFilter(self, pattern, name): """ 添加过滤器 """ def filter(block, handler): return re.sub(pattern, handler.sub(name), block) self.filters.append(filter) def parse(self, file): """ 解析 """ self.handler.start(‘document‘) for block in blocks(file): for filter in self.filters: block = filter(block, self.handler) for rule in self.rules: if rule.condition(block): last = rule.action(block, self.handler) if last: break self.handler.end(‘document‘) class BasicTextParser(Parser): """ 纯文本解析器 """ def __init__(self, handler): Parser.__init__(self, handler) self.addRule(ListRule()) self.addRule(ListItemRule()) self.addRule(TitleRule()) self.addRule(HeadingRule()) self.addRule(ParagraphRule()) self.addFilter(r‘*(.+?)*‘, ‘emphasis‘) self.addFilter(r‘(http://[.a-zA-Z/]+)‘, ‘url‘) self.addFilter(r‘([.a-zA-Z][email protected][.a-zA-Z]+[a-zA-Z]+)‘, ‘mail‘) """ 运行测试程序 """ handler = HTMLRenderer() parser = BasicTextParser(handler) parser.parse(sys.stdin)
三、利用Python3将文本转化成pdf文件
命令>python md2pdf.py 源文件 目标文件 [options]
Options: -h --help show help document. -v --version show version information. -o --output translate sourcefile into html file. -p --print translate sourcefile into pdf file and html file respectively. -P --Print translate sourcefile into pdf file only.
import os,re import sys,getopt from enum import Enum from subprocess import call from functools import reduce from docopt import docopt __version__ = ‘1.0‘ # 定义三个枚举类 # 定义表状态 class TABLE(Enum): Init = 1 Format = 2 Table = 3 # 有序序列状态 class ORDERLIST(Enum): Init = 1 List = 2 # 块状态 class BLOCK(Enum): Init = 1 Block = 2 CodeBlock = 3 # 定义全局状态，并初始化状态 table_state = TABLE.Init orderList_state = ORDERLIST.Init block_state = BLOCK.Init is_code = False is_normal = True temp_table_first_line = [] temp_table_first_line_str = "" need_mathjax = False def test_state(input): global table_state, orderList_state, block_state, is_code, temp_table_first_line, temp_table_first_line_str Code_List = ["python ", "c++ ", "c "] result = input # 构建正则表达式规则 # 匹配块标识 pattern = re.compile(r‘```(s)* ‘) a = pattern.match(input) # 普通块 if a and block_state == BLOCK.Init: result = "<blockquote>" block_state = BLOCK.Block is_normal = False # 特殊代码块 elif len(input) > 4 and input[0:3] == ‘```‘ and (input[3:9] == "python" or input[3:6] == "c++" or input[3:4]== "c") and block_state == BLOCK.Init: block_state = BLOCK.Block result = "<code></br>" is_code = True is_normal = False # 块结束 elif block_state == BLOCK.Block and input == ‘``` ‘: if is_code: result = "</code>" else: result = "</blockquote>" block_state = BLOCK.Init is_code = False is_normal = False elif block_state == BLOCK.Block: pattern = re.compile(r‘[ vf ]‘) result = pattern.sub(" ", result) pattern = re.compile(r‘ ‘) result = pattern.sub(" " * 4, result) result = "<span>" + result + "</span></br>" is_normal = False # 解析有序序列 if len(input) > 2 and input[0].isdigit() and input[1] == ‘.‘ and orderList_state == ORDERLIST.Init: orderList_state = ORDERLIST.List result = "<ol><li>" + input[2:] + "</li>" is_normal = False elif len(input) > 2 and input[0].isdigit() and input[1] == ‘.‘ and orderList_state == ORDERLIST.List: result = "<li>" + input[2:] + "</li>" is_normal = False elif orderList_state == ORDERLIST.List and (len(input) <= 2 or input[0].isdigit() == False or input[1] != ‘.‘): result = "</ol>" + input orderList_state = ORDERLIST.Init # 解析表格 pattern = re.compile(r‘^((.+)|)+((.+))$‘) match = pattern.match(input) if match: l = input.split(‘|‘) l[-1] = l[-1][:-1] # 将空字符弹出列表 if l[0] == ‘‘: l.pop(0) if l[-1] == ‘‘: l.pop(-1) if table_state == TABLE.Init: table_state = TABLE.Format temp_table_first_line = l temp_table_first_line_str = input result = "" elif table_state == TABLE.Format: # 如果是表头与表格主题的分割线 if reduce(lambda a, b: a and b, [all_same(i,‘-‘) for i in l], True): table_state = TABLE.Table result = "<table><thread><tr>" is_normal = False # 添加表头 for i in temp_table_first_line: result += "<th>" + i + "</th>" result += "</tr>" result += "</thread><tbody>" is_normal = False else: result = temp_table_first_line_str + "</br>" + input table_state = TABLE.Init elif table_state == TABLE.Table: result = "<tr>" for i in l: result += "<td>" + i + "</td>" result += "</tr>" elif table_state == TABLE.Table: table_state = TABLE.Init result = "</tbody></table>" + result elif table_state == TABLE.Format: pass return result # 判断 lst 是否全由字符 sym 构成 def all_same(lst, sym): return not lst or sym * len(lst) == lst # 处理标题 def handleTitle(s, n): temp = "<h" + repr(n) + ">" + s[n:] + "</h" + repr(n) + ">" return temp # 处理无序列表 def handleUnorderd(s): s = "<ul><li>" + s[1:] s += "</li></ul>" return s def tokenTemplate(s, match): pattern = "" if match == ‘*‘: pattern = "*([^*]*)*" if match == ‘~~‘: pattern = "~~([^~~]*)~~" if match == ‘**‘: pattern = "**([^**]*)**" return pattern # 处理特殊标识，比如 **, *, ~~ def tokenHandler(s): l = [‘b‘, ‘i‘, ‘S‘] j = 0 for i in [‘**‘, ‘*‘, ‘~~‘]: pattern = re.compile(tokenTemplate(s,i)) match = pattern.finditer(s) k = 0 for a in match: if a: content = a.group(1) x,y = a.span() c = 3 if i == ‘*‘: c = 5 s = s[:x+c*k] + "<" + l[j] + ">" + content + "</" + l[j] + ">" + s[y+c*k:] k += 1 pattern = re.compile(r‘$([^$]*)$‘) a = pattern.search(s) if a: global need_mathjax need_mathjax = True j += 1 return s # 处理链接 def link_image(s): # 超链接 pattern = re.compile(r‘\[(.*)]((.*))‘) match = pattern.finditer(s) for a in match: if a: text, url = a.group(1,2) x, y = a.span() s = s[:x] + "<a href=" + url + " target="_blank">" + text + "</a>" + s[y:] # 图像链接 pattern = re.compile(r‘)‘) match = pattern.finditer(s) for a in match: if a: text, url = a.group(1,2) x, y = a.span() s = s[:x] + "<img src=" + url + " target="_blank">" + "</a>" + s[y:] # 角标 pattern = re.compile(r‘(.)^[([^]]*)]‘) match = pattern.finditer(s) k = 0 for a in match: if a: sym,index = a.group(1,2) x, y = a.span() s = s[:x+8*k] + sym + "<sup>" + index + "</sup>" + s[y+8*k:] k += 1 return s def parse(input): global block_state, is_normal is_normal = True result = input # 检测当前 input 解析状态 result = test_state(input) if block_state == BLOCK.Block: return result # 分析标题标记 # title_rank = 0 for i in range(6, 0, -1): if input[:i] == ‘#‘*i: title_rank = i break if title_rank != 0: # 处理标题，转化为相应的 HTML 文本 result = handleTitle(input, title_rank) return result # 分析分割线标记 -- if len(input) > 2 and all_same(input[:-1], ‘-‘) and input[-1] == ‘ ‘: result = "<hr>" return result # 解析无序列表 unorderd = [‘+‘, ‘-‘] if result != "" and result[0] in unorderd : result = handleUnorderd(result) is_normal = False f = input[0] count = 0 sys_q = False while f == ‘>‘: count += 1 f = input[count] sys_q = True if sys_q: result = "<blockquote style="color:#8fbc8f"> "*count + "<b>" + input[count:] + "</b>" + "</blockquote>"*count is_normal = False # 处理特殊标记，比如 ***, ~~~ result = tokenHandler(result) # 解析图像链接 result = link_image(result) pa = re.compile(r‘^(s)*$‘) a = pa.match(input) if input[-1] == " " and is_normal == True and not a : result+="</br>" return result def run(source_file, dest_file, dest_pdf_file, only_pdf): # 获取文件名 file_name = source_file # 转换后的 HTML 文件名 dest_name = dest_file # 转换后的 PDF 文件名 dest_pdf_name = dest_pdf_file # 获取文件后缀 _, suffix = os.path.splitext(file_name) if suffix not in [".md",".markdown",".mdown","mkd"]: print(‘Error: the file should be in markdown format‘) sys.exit(1) if only_pdf: dest_name = ".~temp~.html" f = open(file_name, "r") f_r = open(dest_name, "w") # 往文件中填写 HTML 的一些属性 f_r.write("""<style type="text/css">div {display: block;font-family: "Times New Roman",Georgia,Serif} #wrapper { width: 100%;height:100%; margin: 0; padding: 0;}#left { float:left; width: 10%; height: 100%; }#second { float:left; width: 80%;height: 100%; }#right {float:left; width: 10%; height: 100%; }</style><div id="wrapper"> <div id="left"></div><div id="second">""") f_r.write("""<meta charset="utf-8"/>""") # 逐行解析 markdwon 文件 for eachline in f: result = parse(eachline) if result != "": f_r.write(result) f_r.write("""</br></br></div><div id="right"></div></div>""") # 公式支持 global need_mathjax if need_mathjax: f_r.write("""<script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({tex2jax: {inlineMath: [[‘$‘,‘$‘], [‘\(‘,‘\)‘]]}}); </script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script>""") # 文件操作完成之后记得关闭！！！ f_r.close() f.close() # 调用扩展 wkhtmltopdf 将 HTML 文件转换成 PDF if dest_pdf_name != "" or only_pdf: call(["wkhtmltopdf", dest_name, dest_pdf_name]) # 如果有必要，删除中间过程生成的 HTML 文件 if only_pdf: call(["rm", dest_name]) # 主函数 def main(): dest_file = "translation_result.html" dest_pdf_file = "translation_result.pdf" only_pdf = False args = docopt(__doc__, version=__version__) dest_file = args[‘<outputfile>‘] if args[‘--output‘] else dest_file dest_pdf_file = args[‘<outputfile>‘] if args[‘--print‘] or args[‘--Print‘] else "" run(args[‘<sourcefile>‘], dest_file, dest_pdf_file, args[‘--Print‘]) if __name__=="__main__": main()
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