Python中csv文件操作

Posted 2021-01-14 知我几分

1.csv写入

"""csv两种写入操作"""
import csv


def write_csv_demo():
    headers = ["username", "age", "height"]
    values = {
        ("张三", 18, 180),
        ("李四", 19, 190),
        ("王五", 20, 160)
    }

    # 写入编码utf-8防止乱码,newline默认
换行，防止换行让它等于空字符串
    with open("classroom.csv", "w", encoding="utf-8", newline="") as fp:
        # 创建一个文件句柄对象
        writer = csv.writer(fp)
        # 写入一行writerow
        writer.writerow(headers)
        # 写入多行writerows
        writer.writerows(values)


def write_csv_site():
    headers = ["username", "age", "height"]
    values = [
        {"username": "张三", "age": 18, "height": 180},
        {"username": "李四", "age": 19, "height": 190},
        {"username": "王五", "age": 20, "height": 160},
    ]
    with open("classroom1.csv", "w", encoding="utf-8", newline="") as fp:
        # DictWriter需要传入一个文件句柄和字典的key列表
        writer = csv.DictWriter(fp, headers)
        # 正式写入需要调用writeheader方法
        writer.writeheader()
        writer.writerows(values)


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    write_csv_site()

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2.csv读取

"""读取csv文件的两种方式"""
import csv


def read_csv_demo():
    # 优势：操作简单。劣势：数据排序混乱时取值可能报错
    with open("classroom.csv", "r", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
        # reader是一个迭代器
        reader = csv.reader(fp)
        # 执行一次next，指针跳过一位，可以不获取标题
        next(reader)
        for x in reader:
            print(x)  # 可用列表下标x[1]获取具体对象


def read_csv_site():
    # 优势：即便数据混乱也可以通过key取值。劣势：稍复杂一点
    with open("classroom1.csv", "r", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
        # 使用DictReader创建的reader对象不会包含标签这一行的数据
        reader = csv.DictReader(fp)
        # 遍历reader迭代器返回的是一个有序字典
        for x in reader:
            value = {"name": x["username"], "age": x["age"]}
            print(value)


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    read_csv_site()

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