python脱产4期内容整理NO.21

Posted Richardwu003

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今日内容主要有:

一、pickle模块
二、shelve模块
三、json模块
四、json练习
五、xml模块
六、xml模块
七、configparser模块

 

一、pickle模块

#pickle是一个用来序列化的模块
#序列化是什么?
#指的是将内存中的数据结构转换为一种中间格式 并存储到硬盘上

#反序列化是什么?
#将硬盘上存储的中间格式数据再还原为内存中的数据结构

#为什么要序列化?
#就是为了将数据持久存储
#之前学过的文件也能持久化存储 但是操作起来非常麻烦
#总结:pickle模块主要功能
#    dump
#   load
#    dumps 序列化
#    loads  序列化
#   不带s是帮你封装了read和writh


import pickle


#用户注册得到的数据
name = "高根"
password = "123"
height = "1.5"
hobby = ["","",""]

with open("userdb.txt","wt",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    text="|".join([name,password,str(height)])
    f.write(text)

#序列化的过程
user={"name":name,"password":password,"height":height,"hobby":hobby}


#支持python中所有格式
with open("userdb.pkl","wb",)as f:
    userbytes=pickle.dumps(user)
    f.write(userbytes)

#反序列化过程
with open("userdb.pkl","rb")as f:
    userbytes=f.read()
    user=pickle.loads(userbytes)
    print(user)
    print(type(user))

#dump使用 直接序列化到文件

with open("userdb.pkl","wb")as f:
    pickle.dump(user,f)


#load从文件反序列化
with open("userdb.pkl","rb")as f:
    user=pickle.load(f)
    print(user)

#打包成函数(序列化)
def myload(filename):
    with open(filename,"rb") as f:
        return pickle.load(f)

 

二、shelve模块

#内存->内置->sys.path
import shelve

"""
    shelve模块也用于序列化
    它与pickle不同之处在于 不需要关心文件模式什么的 直接把他当成一个字典来看待
    它可用于进行修改
"""
user={"name":"高根"}
s = shelve.open("userdb.shv")
s["user"]=user
s.close()


s=shelve.open("userdb.shv",writeback=True)
print(s["user"])
s["user"]["age"] = 20
s.close()

 

三、json模块

"""
    pickle和shelve 序列化后的到的数据只能python才能解析
    通常企业开发不可能做一个当即程序 都需要联网进行计算机间交互
    我么必须要保证这个数据 能够跨平台使用

    JSON是什么? Java script object notation 就是对象表示法
    var obj = {“name”:“egon”}
    
    
    对于我们开发而言,json就是一种通用的数据格式 任何语言都能解析
    js中的数据类型  python数据类型的对应关系
    {}              字典
    []              list
    string“”        str
    int/float       int/float
    true/false      True/False
    null            None
    
    
    json的语法规范
    最外层通常是一个字典或列表
    {} or []
    只要你想写个json格式的数据最外层直接写{}
    
    字符串必须是双引号,可以在面套任意多的层次
    
    json模块的核心功能
    dump
    dumps
    load
    loads
    不带s 封装了write和read功能
    
    
    
    
"""

import json

# 反序列化
with open("a.json","rt",encoding="utf-8")as f:
    res=json.loads(f.read())
    print(type(res))

with open("a.json",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    print(json.load(f))

# 直接解析字符串的json为python对象

jsontext = """{
    "user": [{
            "name": "egon",
            "age": "18"
        },
        {
            "name": "egon",
            "age": "18"
        }
    ]
}"""

res=json.loads(jsontext)
print(res)


mydic={
    "user": [{
            "name": "egon",
            "age": "18"
        },
        {
            "name": "egon",
            "age": "18"
        }
    ]
}

with open("b.json", "wt",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    f.write(json.dumps(mydic))

with open("b.json", "wt",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    json.dump(mydic, f)

dic = {"a":"理查德姑妈","b":"杰克船长","c":"神秘客人"}
with open("c.json","wt",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    f.write(json.dumps(dic))

with open("c.json","rt",encoding="utf-8")as f:
    d = json.loads(f.read())
    print(d)

 

四、json练习

 

#将下面内容存储到(news.json)文件

技术分享图片
"reason":"成功的返回",
    "result":{
        "stat":"1",
        "data":[
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                "title":"原油技术分析:API意外减少油价暂获支撑 晚间EIA将决定油价命运",
                "date":"2018-10-17 10:15",
                "category":"头条",
                "author_name":"FX168财经",
                "url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/181017101548328.html",
                "thumbnail_pic_s":"http://05imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017101548_ce78d3f30d852abd47767db8f203f2fc_1_mwpm_03200403.jpg"
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                "category":"头条",
                "author_name":"蓝天侃球",
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                "date":"2018-10-17 10:00",
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                "author_name":"搜狐焦点",
                "url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/181017094523953.html",
                "thumbnail_pic_s":"http://08imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017094523_1534fba9aefb0e0ca3759f0a38d83bf9_1_mwpm_03200403.jpg"
            },
            {
                "uniquekey":"0870f47f7c2f7c91bc41343585b60e2d",
                "title":"成都地铁2号线女子持凶器伤人致2人划伤 均无生命危险",
                "date":"2018-10-17 09:44",
                "category":"头条",
                "author_name":"中国新闻网四川新闻",
                "url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/181017094450133.html",
                "thumbnail_pic_s":"http://05imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017094450_fabd1fc33a4e0327401f5280e5d814d5_1_mwpm_03200403.jpg"
            },
            {
                "uniquekey":"e1bc4da7568ecb563c6a9addb6a35d34",
                "title":"浪琴的30款时尚名表,最爱哪一款?",
                "date":"2018-10-17 09:44",
                "category":"头条",
                "author_name":"灌云醉意浓服装",
                "url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/181017094431457.html",
                "thumbnail_pic_s":"http://07imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017094431_7cb7f11cf40d2a7d7add376dae350545_24_mwpm_03200403.jpg",
                "thumbnail_pic_s02":"http://07imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017094431_7cb7f11cf40d2a7d7add376dae350545_25_mwpm_03200403.jpg",
                "thumbnail_pic_s03":"http://07imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017094431_7cb7f11cf40d2a7d7add376dae350545_20_mwpm_03200403.jpg"
            },
            {
                "uniquekey":"e21bf3ecf60ede138f7f858273708812",
                "title":"邻居嘲笑我新家装修成现代风,说我不懂装修,装修好才打他们的脸",
                "date":"2018-10-17 09:40",
                "category":"头条",
                "author_name":"家居小吴",
                "url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/181017094027402.html",
                "thumbnail_pic_s":"http://09imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017_5cc7cc189378d7cdfcb04deeb86aea2d_cover_mwpm_03200403.jpg",
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            },
            {
                "uniquekey":"ff227178528e45dba654d7a4f01c1151",
                "title":"搞笑GIF: 这才叫真正的绝望,感觉好委屈",
                "date":"2018-10-17 09:37",
                "category":"头条",
                "author_name":"快乐分享",
                "url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/181017093735819.html",
                "thumbnail_pic_s":"http://06imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017_afdeb47ff89c02e1174f60040c81f660_cover_mwpm_03200403.jpg",
                "thumbnail_pic_s02":"http://06imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017_49f1a3d7e7df7b70726a5a04528f300e_cover_mwpm_03200403.jpg",
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            },
            {
                "uniquekey":"58fa8c9b43cae11b7406188c4f210736",
                "title":"封面人物|陈丽媛与马拉松的故事",
                "date":"2018-10-17 09:36",
                "category":"头条",
                "author_name":"创客儿",
                "url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/181017093650361.html",
                "thumbnail_pic_s":"http://01imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017_91bba059bc1f13045d4ee7272b2f89f6_cover_mwpm_03200403.jpg",
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            },
            {
                "uniquekey":"d4273930a4a943b60c4a6ef8f5514e97",
                "title":"求生欲如此强的《奇葩说》第五季,如今连李诞都救不活了?",
                "date":"2018-10-17 09:35",
                "category":"头条",
                "author_name":"娱乐大咖秀",
                "url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/181017093523888.html",
                "thumbnail_pic_s":"http://06imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017_407422950d0aa228da607ceae526bc38_cover_mwpm_03200403.jpg",
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                "uniquekey":"cba32d09b6f2a78690fd93e0f10a5642",
                "title":"16岁儿子因路坑出事故死亡 印度男子见坑就填悼念亡子",
                "date":"2018-10-17 09:33",
                "category":"头条",
                "author_name":"杀生丸",
                "url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/181017093301811.html",
                "thumbnail_pic_s":"http://02imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017_d709e090413054b34f1e0e019b39a07c_cover_mwpm_03200403.jpg"
            },
            {
                "uniquekey":"d78556f8af18b468e5adf35a862f357b",
                "title":"周星驰新片《D计划》,2019春节档上映,谁能一战?",
                "date":"2018-10-17 09:30",
                "category":"头条",
                "author_name":"夏木渊",
                "url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/181017093050040.html",
                "thumbnail_pic_s":"http://08imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017093050_0344e33a5392131d3c6c247ada310846_4_mwpm_03200403.jpg",
                "thumbnail_pic_s02":"http://08imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017093050_0344e33a5392131d3c6c247ada310846_8_mwpm_03200403.jpg",
                "thumbnail_pic_s03":"http://08imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017093050_0344e33a5392131d3c6c247ada310846_7_mwpm_03200403.jpg"
            },
            {
                "uniquekey":"1cca176fd6cd3af811bfca5975cc8244",
                "title":"坚瑞沃能前三季预亏294400-294900万",
                "date":"2018-10-17 09:30",
                "category":"头条",
                "author_name":"中国发展网",
                "url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/181017093004941.html",
                "thumbnail_pic_s":"http://07imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017093004_976bd1cf9b7790efd96e1ef950234b3e_1_mwpm_03200403.jpg"
            },
            {
                "uniquekey":"c0237379b0dc5907dcaad893a8629ca3",
                "title":"不想吃饭就来吃拌面吧,10种超好吃的拌面做法,学会做给老公吃!",
                "date":"2018-10-17 09:29",
                "category":"头条",
                "author_name":"三叔日食记",
                "url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/181017092958385.html",
                "thumbnail_pic_s":"http://01imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017092958_ceea58d525367d04016d3c837495bd64_9_mwpm_03200403.jpg",
                "thumbnail_pic_s02":"http://01imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017092958_ceea58d525367d04016d3c837495bd64_1_mwpm_03200403.jpg",
                "thumbnail_pic_s03":"http://01imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20181017/20181017092958_ceea58d525367d04016d3c837495bd64_6_mwpm_03200403.jpg"
            }
        ]
    },
    "error_code":0
}
news.json (源代码)

 

习题:把news.json中的新闻数据提取出来打印控制台
with open("news.json","rt",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    res = json.load(f)
    print(type(res))
    for dic in res["result"]["data"]:
        for key in dic:
            print("%s:%s"%(key,dic[key]))

 







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