c语言中rectangle的用法

Posted 2023-05-10

函数原型：bool
rectangle(hdc
hdc,
int
nleftrect,
int
ntoprect,
int
nrightrect,
int
nbottomrect)
hdc：设备环境句柄。nleftrect：指定矩形左上角的逻辑x坐标。ntoprect：指定矩形左上角的逻辑y坐标。nrightrect：指定矩形右下角的逻辑x坐标。nbottomrect：指定矩形右下角的逻辑y坐标。 参考技术A rectangle不属于C语言，
应该是TC扩展的图形库里的，
一般是给定四个点，rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2)画出一个矩形

c语言中r+的详细用法用法

已只读方法打开文件，如果文件不存在则创建文件。
具体百度fopen
以下为MSDN对fopen的解释和例子，可参考：
fopen, _wfopen

Open a file.

FILE *fopen( const char
*filename, const char *mode
);

FILE *_wfopen( const wchar_t
*filename, const wchar_t *mode
);

Function
Required Header
Compatibility

fopen
<stdio.h>
ANSI, Win 95, Win NT

_wfopen
<stdio.h> or <wchar.h>
Win NT

For additional compatibility information, see Compatibility in the Introduction.

Libraries

LIBC.LIB
Single thread static library, retail version

LIBCMT.LIB
Multithread static library, retail version

MSVCRT.LIB
Import library for MSVCRT.DLL, retail
version

The c, n, and t mode options are Microsoft
extensions for fopen and _fdopen and should not be used where ANSI
portability is desired.

Return Value

Each of these functions returns a pointer to the open file. A null pointer
value indicates an error.

Parameters

filename

Filename

mode

Type of access permitted

Remarks

The fopen function opens the file specified by filename.
_wfopen is a wide-character version of fopen; the arguments to
_wfopen are wide-character strings. _wfopen and fopen
behave identically otherwise.

Generic-Text Routine Mappings

TCHAR.H Routine
_UNICODE & _MBCS Not Defined
_MBCS Defined
_UNICODE Defined

_tfopen
fopen
fopen
_wfopen

The character string mode specifies the type of access requested for
the file, as follows:

"r"

Opens for reading. If the file does not exist or cannot be
found, the fopen call fails.

"w"

Opens an empty file for writing. If the given file exists, its
contents are destroyed.

"a"

Opens for writing at the end of the file (appending) without
removing the EOF marker before writing new data to the file; creates the file
first if it doesn’t exist.

"r+"

Opens for both reading and writing. (The file must exist.)

"w+"

Opens an empty file for both reading and writing. If the given
file exists, its contents are destroyed.

"a+"

Opens for reading and appending; the appending operation
includes the removal of the EOF marker before new data is written to the file
and the EOF marker is restored after writing is complete; creates the file first
if it doesn’t exist.

When a file is opened with the "a" or "a+" access type, all
write operations occur at the end of the file. The file pointer can be
repositioned using fseek or rewind, but is always moved back to
the end of the file before any write operation is carried out. Thus, existing
data cannot be overwritten.

The "a" mode does not remove the EOF marker before appending to the
file. After appending has occurred, the MS-DOS TYPE command only shows data up
to the original EOF marker and not any data appended to the file. The
"a+" mode does remove the EOF marker before appending to the file. After
appending, the MS-DOS TYPE command shows all data in the file. The "a+"
mode is required for appending to a stream file that is terminated with the
CTRL+Z EOF marker.

When the "r+", "w+", or "a+" access type is specified,
both reading and writing are allowed (the file is said to be open for “update”).
However, when you switch between reading and writing, there must be an
intervening fflush, fsetpos, fseek, or rewind
operation. The current position can be specified for the fsetpos or
fseek operation, if desired.

In addition to the above values, the following characters can be included in
mode to specify the translation mode for newline characters:

t

Open in text (translated) mode. In this mode, CTRL+Z is
interpreted as an end-of-file character on input. In files opened for
reading/writing with "a+", fopen checks for a CTRL+Z at the end of
the file and removes it, if possible. This is done because using fseek
and ftell to move within a file that ends with a CTRL+Z, may cause
fseek to behave improperly near the end of the file.

Also, in text mode, carriage return–linefeed combinations are translated into
single linefeeds on input, and linefeed characters are translated to carriage
return–linefeed combinations on output. When a Unicode stream-I/O function
operates in text mode (the default), the source or destination stream is assumed
to be a sequence of multibyte characters. Therefore, the Unicode stream-input
functions convert multibyte characters to wide characters (as if by a call to
the mbtowc function). For the same reason, the Unicode stream-output
functions convert wide characters to multibyte characters (as if by a call to
the wctomb function).

b

Open in binary (untranslated) mode; translations involving
carriage-return and linefeed characters are suppressed.

If t or b is not given in mode, the default translation
mode is defined by the global variable _fmode. If
t or b is prefixed to the argument, the function fails and returns
NULL.

For more information about using text and binary modes in Unicode and
multibyte stream-I/O, see Text and Binary Mode File
I/O and Unicode
Stream I/O in Text and Binary Modes.

c

Enable the commit flag for the associated filename so
that the contents of the file buffer are written directly to disk if either
fflush or _flushall is called.

n

Reset the commit flag for the associated filename to
“no-commit.” This is the default. It also overrides the global commit flag if
you link your program with COMMODE.OBJ. The global commit flag default is
“no-commit” unless you explicitly link your program with COMMODE.OBJ.

Valid characters for the mode string used in fopen and
_fdopen correspond to oflag arguments used in _open and _sopen, as follows.

Characters in mode String
Equivalent oflag Value for
_open/_sopen

a
_O_WRONLY | _O_APPEND (usually _O_WRONLY | _O_CREAT |
_O_APPEND)

a+
_O_RDWR | _O_APPEND (usually _O_RDWR | _O_APPEND |
_O_CREAT )

r
_O_RDONLY

r+
_O_RDWR

w
_O_WRONLY (usually _O_WRONLY | _O_CREAT |
_O_TRUNC)

w+
_O_RDWR (usually _O_RDWR | _O_CREAT |
_O_TRUNC)

b
_O_BINARY

t
_O_TEXT

c
None

n
None

Example
/* FOPEN.C: This program opens files named "data"
* and "data2".It uses fclose to close "data" and
* _fcloseall to close all remaining files.
*/

#include <stdio.h>

FILE *stream, *stream2;

void main( void )

int numclosed;

/* Open for read (will fail if file "data" does not exist) */
if( (stream = fopen( "data", "r" )) == NULL )
printf( "The file 'data' was not opened\n" );
else
printf( "The file 'data' was opened\n" );

/* Open for write */
if( (stream2 = fopen( "data2", "w+" )) == NULL )
printf( "The file 'data2' was not opened\n" );
else
printf( "The file 'data2' was opened\n" );

/* Close stream */
if( fclose( stream ) )
printf( "The file 'data' was not closed\n" );

/* All other files are closed: */
numclosed = _fcloseall( );
printf( "Number of files closed by _fcloseall: %u\n", numclosed );


Output
The file 'data' was opened
The file 'data2' was opened
Number of files closed by _fcloseall: 1 参考技术A r+ 以可读写方式打开文件，该文件必须存在