Python(os模块)

Posted 2021-01-02 嘟嘟嘟啦

os模块

 1 import os
 2 import time
 3 print(os.getcwd()) #py执行文件路径，和在console下不一样
 4 
 5 os.chdir(r\'/home/nizhipeng\') #改变当前脚本目录;相当于cd,工作环境发生改变
 6 print(os.getcwd())
 7 
 8 print(os.curdir) #.返回当前目录: (\'.\')
 9 print(os.pardir) #..获取当前目录的父目录字符串名：(\'..\')
10 
11 #在nizhipeng文件下查看变化
12 os.makedirs(\'abc/alex\')#当前工作目录已改变，为/home/nizhipeng，所以在其路径下生成了多层递归目录 abc/alex
13 time.sleep(.5)
14 os.removedirs(\'abc/alex\')#只删除空文件夹
15 
16 #在nizhipeng文件下查看变化
17 os.mkdir(\'efd\')    #生成单级目录；相当于shell中mkdir dirname
18 time.sleep(.5)
19 os.rmdir(\'efd\')    #删除单级空目录，若目录不为空则无法删除，报错；相当于shell中rmdir dirname
20 
21 dirs = os.listdir(r\'/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/week4\')
22 print(dirs) #列出指定目录下的所有文件和子目录，包括隐藏文件，并以列表方式打印
23 
24 #os.remove(\'ppt.py\')# 在/home/nizhipeng 工作空间下，只能删文件，不能删文件夹
25 
26 #os.rename("ww","www") #重命名文件/目录 在/home/nizhipeng 工作空间下
27 
28 info = os.stat(\'./www\')
29 print(info)
30 
31 print(os.sep) #输出操作系统特定的路径分隔符 / ,在ｌｉｎｕｘ下为/,但是在ｗｉｎ下为\\\\,跨平台时会涉及到这种情况
32 
33 print(os.system("dir"))
34 
35 print(os.environ)  #获取系统环境变量
36 
37 print(os.path.abspath(\'./wwww\')) #返回path规范化的绝对路径
38 
39 path = os.path.split(r\'/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/week4/day5/os_module.py\')
40 print(path) #将path分割成目录和文件名二元组返回 (路径，文件)
41 
42 #获得绝对路径上一层的路径
43 print(os.path.dirname(\'/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/week4/day5\'))  #返回path的目录。其实就是os.path.split(path)的第一个元素

 第１２行，在工作目录下生多级文件。

执行结果：

/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/week4/day5
/home/nizhipeng
.
..
[\'day4\', \'day5\']
os.stat_result(st_mode=16893, st_ino=1079409, st_dev=2056, st_nlink=2, st_uid=1000, st_gid=1000, st_size=4096, st_atime=1535548162, st_mtime=1535548153, st_ctime=1535548162)
/
Arduino            freenect2     OpenNI-Linux-x64-2.2         slambook
arduino-1.8.5        g2o-master     ORB_SLAM2             Sophus
building_editor_models    kinect         Pangolin             www
catkin_learning        kinect_cal_data  pcl-pcl-1.8.1             公共的
catkin_ws        kinect_ros     publish             模板
ceres-solver-master    libfreenect     pycharm-community-2018.2.1  视频
clion-2017.3.4        libfreenect2     PycharmProjects         图片
CLion-2017.3.4.tar.gz    libvisensor     Qt5.11.0             文档
data            mynt-eye     ros_imu             下载
DBow3            octomap-devel     ros_workspace             音乐
examples.desktop    opencv-3.3.0     serial-master             桌面
0
environ({\'QT_QPA_PLATFORMTHEME\': \'appmenu-qt5\', \'VIRTUAL_ENV\': \'/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/venv\', \'DEFAULTS_PATH\': \'/usr/share/gconf/ubuntu.default.path\', \'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP\': \'Unity\', \'PYTHONIOENCODING\': \'UTF-8\', \'DISPLAY\': \':0\', \'UPSTART_SESSION\': \'unix:abstract=/com/ubuntu/upstart-session/1000/1160\', \'SHLVL\': \'0\', \'GTK_IM_MODULE\': \'fcitx\', \'PS1\': \'(venv) \', \'LOGNAME\': \'nizhipeng\', \'LANG\': \'zh_CN.UTF-8\', \'XDG_SESSION_TYPE\': \'x11\', \'USER\': \'nizhipeng\', \'LANGUAGE\': \'zh_CN:\', \'XMODIFIERS\': \'@im=fcitx\', \'COMPIZ_BIN_PATH\': \'/usr/bin/\', \'XDG_MENU_PREFIX\': \'gnome-\', \'XDG_CONFIG_DIRS\': \'/etc/xdg/xdg-ubuntu:/usr/share/upstart/xdg:/etc/xdg\', \'UPSTART_EVENTS\': \'xsession started\', \'DESKTOP_SESSION\': \'ubuntu\', \'JOB\': \'unity-settings-daemon\', \'XDG_SEAT\': \'seat0\', \'GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL\': \'\', \'XDG_DATA_DIRS\': \'/usr/share/ubuntu:/usr/share/gnome:/usr/local/share:/usr/share:/var/lib/snapd/desktop:/var/lib/snapd/desktop\', \'GDMSESSION\': \'ubuntu\', \'GTK2_MODULES\': \'overlay-scrollbar\', \'QT_ACCESSIBILITY\': \'1\', \'GPG_AGENT_INFO\': \'/home/nizhipeng/.gnupg/S.gpg-agent:0:1\', \'GDM_LANG\': \'zh_CN\', \'PYTHONUNBUFFERED\': \'1\', \'PATH\': \'/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/venv/bin:/home/nizhipeng/bin:/home/nizhipeng/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin\', \'COMPIZ_CONFIG_PROFILE\': \'ubuntu\', \'UPSTART_JOB\': \'unity7\', \'IM_CONFIG_PHASE\': \'1\', \'XAUTHORITY\': \'/home/nizhipeng/.Xauthority\', \'SESSION_MANAGER\': \'local/nizhipeng:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/1473,unix/nizhipeng:/tmp/.ICE-unix/1473\', \'XDG_SESSION_ID\': \'c1\', \'PYCHARM_HOSTED\': \'1\', \'CLUTTER_IM_MODULE\': \'xim\', \'PYTHONPATH\': \'/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython\', \'SHELL\': \'/bin/bash\', \'GIO_LAUNCHED_DESKTOP_FILE\': \'/home/nizhipeng/.local/share/applications/jetbrains-pycharm-ce.desktop\', \'XDG_RUNTIME_DIR\': \'/run/user/1000\', \'HOME\': \'/home/nizhipeng\', \'UNITY_DEFAULT_PROFILE\': \'unity\', \'GIO_LAUNCHED_DESKTOP_FILE_PID\': \'12562\', \'UNITY_HAS_3D_SUPPORT\': \'true\', \'SSH_AUTH_SOCK\': \'/run/user/1000/keyring/ssh\', \'XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP\': \'ubuntu\', \'QT_IM_MODULE\': \'fcitx\', \'SESSIONTYPE\': \'gnome-session\', \'INSTANCE\': \'\', \'QT4_IM_MODULE\': \'fcitx\', \'XDG_SESSION_PATH\': \'/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session0\', \'DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS\': \'unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-tidHVpjjH9\', \'XDG_SEAT_PATH\': \'/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Seat0\', \'XDG_VTNR\': \'7\', \'PWD\': \'/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/week4/day5\', \'GTK_MODULES\': \'gail:atk-bridge:unity-gtk-module\', \'MANDATORY_PATH\': \'/usr/share/gconf/ubuntu.mandatory.path\', \'XDG_GREETER_DATA_DIR\': \'/var/lib/lightdm-data/nizhipeng\', \'GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID\': \'this-is-deprecated\', \'QT_LINUX_ACCESSIBILITY_ALWAYS_ON\': \'1\', \'SESSION\': \'ubuntu\', \'UPSTART_INSTANCE\': \'\', \'GNOME_KEYRING_PID\': \'\'})
/home/nizhipeng/wwww
(\'/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/week4/day5\', \'os_module.py\')
/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/week4

Process finished with exit code 0

 

 

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5161349.html