下载python中MongoDB的驱动程序
pip install pymongo
然后确保MongoDB已经安装且可以正常运行,去官网下载相应版本:https://www.mongodb.com/
mkdir -p /home/tools cd/home/tools wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.4.2.tgz
解压文件并修改目录名
tar -zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.4.2.tgz mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.4.2 mongodb3.4.2
ln -s mongodb_3.4.2 mongodb
MongoDB 的可执行文件位于 bin 目录下,所以可以将其添加到 PATH 路径中
export PATH=/home/tools/mongodb/bin:$PATH
MongoDB的数据存储在data目录的db目录下,但是这个目录在安装过程不会自动创建,所以你需要手动创建data目录,并在data目录中创建db目录。
mkdir -p /data/db
在mongo安装目录中的bin目录执行mongod命令来启动mongdb服务
./mongod --dbpath /data/db
如果想进入MongoDB后台管理
./mongo
# ./mongo MongoDB shell version v3.4.2 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017 MongoDB server version: 3.4.2 Welcome to the MongoDB shell. ..................... times number of files. 2017-03-12T01:15:04.901+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] >
使用用户 admin 使用密码 123456 连接到本地的 MongoDB 服务上
> mongodb://admin:[email protected]/ ...
创建数据库(如果数据库不存在,则创建数据库,否则切换到指定数据库)
... use test
2017-03-12T01:34:04.361+0800 E QUERY [thread1] SyntaxError: missing ; before statement @(shell):3:4
> use test switched to db test > db test > show dbs #查看所有数据库 admin 0.000GB local 0.000GB
python操作mongodb
连接mongodb
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from pymongo import MongoClient conn = MongoClient(‘192.168.0.113‘, 27017) db = conn.mydb #连接mydb数据库,没有则自动创建 my_set = db.test_set #使用test_set集合,没有则自动创建
插入数据(insert插入一个列表多条数据不用遍历,效率高, save需要遍历列表,一个个插入)
my_set.insert({"name":"zhangsan","age":18}) #或 my_set.save({"name":"zhangsan","age":18})
插入多条
#添加多条数据到集合中 users=[{"name":"zhangsan","age":18},{"name":"lisi","age":20}] my_set.insert(users) #或 my_set.save(users)
查询数据(查询不到则返回None)
#查询全部 for i in my_set.find(): print(i) #查询name=zhangsan的 for i in my_set.find({"name":"zhangsan"}): print(i) print(my_set.find_one({"name":"zhangsan"}))
更新数据
my_set.update( <query>, #查询条件 <update>, #update的对象和一些更新的操作符 { upsert: <boolean>, #如果不存在update的记录,是否插入 multi: <boolean>, #可选,mongodb 默认是false,只更新找到的第一条记录 writeConcern: <document> #可选,抛出异常的级别。 } )
把上面插入的数据内的age改为20
my_set.update({"name":"zhangsan"},{‘$set‘:{"age":20}})
删除数据
my_set.remove( <query>, #(可选)删除的文档的条件 { justOne: <boolean>, #(可选)如果设为 true 或 1,则只删除一个文档 writeConcern: <document> #(可选)抛出异常的级别 } )
#删除name=lisi的全部记录 my_set.remove({‘name‘: ‘zhangsan‘}) #删除name=lisi的某个id的记录 id = my_set.find_one({"name":"zhangsan"})["_id"] my_set.remove(id) #删除集合里的所有记录 db.users.remove()
mongodb的条件操作符
# (>) 大于 - $gt # (<) 小于 - $lt # (>=) 大于等于 - $gte # (<= ) 小于等于 - $lte
#例:查询集合中age大于25的所有记录 for i in my_set.find({"age":{"$gt":25}}): print(i)
type(判断类型)
#找出name的类型是String的 for i in my_set.find({‘name‘:{‘$type‘:2}}): print(i)
类型队对照列表
Double 1 String 2 Object 3 Array 4 Binary data 5 Undefined 6 已废弃 Object id 7 Boolean 8 Date 9 Null 10 Regular Expression 11 JavaScript 13 Symbol 14 JavaScript (with scope) 15 32-bit integer 16 Timestamp 17 64-bit integer 18 Min key 255 Query with -1. Max key 127
排序
在MongoDB中使用sort()方法对数据进行排序,sort()方法可以通过参数指定排序的字段,并使用 1 和 -1 来指定排序的方式,其中 1 为升序,-1为降序。
for i in my_set.find().sort([("age",1)]): print(i)
limit和skip
#limit()方法用来读取指定数量的数据 #skip()方法用来跳过指定数量的数据 #下面表示跳过两条数据后读取6条 for i in my_set.find().skip(2).limit(6): print(i)
IN
#找出age是20、30、35的数据 for i in my_set.find({"age":{"$in":(20,30,35)}}): print(i)
OR
#找出age是20或35的记录 for i in my_set.find({"$or":[{"age":20},{"age":35}]}): print(i)
all
‘‘‘ dic = {"name":"lisi","age":18,"li":[1,2,3]} dic2 = {"name":"zhangsan","age":18,"li":[1,2,3,4,5,6]} my_set.insert(dic) my_set.insert(dic2)‘‘‘ for i in my_set.find({‘li‘:{‘$all‘:[1,2,3,4]}}): print(i) #查看是否包含全部条件 #输出:{‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘58c503b94fc9d44624f7b108‘), ‘name‘: ‘zhangsan‘, ‘age‘: 18, ‘li‘: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]}
push/pushAll
my_set.update({‘name‘:"lisi"}, {‘$push‘:{‘li‘:4}}) for i in my_set.find({‘name‘:"lisi"}): print(i) #输出:{‘li‘: [1, 2, 3, 4], ‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803‘), ‘age‘: 18, ‘name‘: ‘lisi‘} my_set.update({‘name‘:"lisi"}, {‘$pushAll‘:{‘li‘:[4,5]}}) for i in my_set.find({‘name‘:"lisi"}): print(i) #输出:{‘li‘: [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5], ‘name‘: ‘lisi‘, ‘age‘: 18, ‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803‘)}
pop/pull/pullAll
#pop #移除最后一个元素(-1为移除第一个) my_set.update({‘name‘:"lisi"}, {‘$pop‘:{‘li‘:1}}) for i in my_set.find({‘name‘:"lisi"}): print(i) #输出:{‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803‘), ‘age‘: 18, ‘name‘: ‘lisi‘, ‘li‘: [1, 2, 3, 4, 4]} #pull (按值移除) #移除3 my_set.update({‘name‘:"lisi"}, {‘$pop‘:{‘li‘:3}}) #pullAll (移除全部符合条件的) my_set.update({‘name‘:"lisi"}, {‘$pullAll‘:{‘li‘:[1,2,3]}}) for i in my_set.find({‘name‘:"lisi"}): print(i) #输出:{‘name‘: ‘lisi‘, ‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803‘), ‘li‘: [4, 4], ‘age‘: 18}
多级路径元素操作
先插入一条数据
dic = {"name":"zhangsan", "age":18, "contact" : { "email" : "[email protected]", "iphone" : "11223344"} } my_set.insert(dic)
#多级目录用. 连接 for i in my_set.find({"contact.iphone":"11223344"}): print(i) #输出:{‘name‘: ‘zhangsan‘, ‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘58c4f99c4fc9d42e0022c3b6‘), ‘age‘: 18, ‘contact‘: {‘email‘: ‘[email protected]‘, ‘iphone‘: ‘11223344‘}} result = my_set.find_one({"contact.iphone":"11223344"}) print(result["contact"]["email"]) #输出:[email protected] #多级路径下修改操作 result = my_set.update({"contact.iphone":"11223344"},{"$set":{"contact.email":"[email protected]"}}) result1 = my_set.find_one({"contact.iphone":"11223344"}) print(result1["contact"]["email"]) #输出:[email protected]
还可以对数组用索引操作
dic = {"name":"lisi", "age":18, "contact" : [ { "email" : "[email protected]", "iphone" : "111"}, { "email" : "[email protected]", "iphone" : "222"} ]} my_set.insert(dic)
#查询 result1 = my_set.find_one({"contact.1.iphone":"222"}) print(result1) #输出:{‘age‘: 18, ‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘58c4ff574fc9d43844423db2‘), ‘name‘: ‘lisi‘, ‘contact‘: [{‘iphone‘: ‘111‘, ‘email‘: ‘[email protected]‘}, {‘iphone‘: ‘222‘, ‘email‘: ‘[email protected]‘}]} #修改 result = my_set.update({"contact.1.iphone":"222"},{"$set":{"contact.1.email":"[email protected]"}}) print(result1["contact"][1]["email"]) #输出:[email protected]
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 from pymongo import MongoClient 4 5 settings = { 6 "ip":‘192.168.0.113‘, #ip 7 "port":27017, #端口 8 "db_name" : "mydb", #数据库名字 9 "set_name" : "test_set" #集合名字 10 } 11 12 class MyMongoDB(object): 13 def __init__(self): 14 try: 15 self.conn = MongoClient(settings["ip"], settings["port"]) 16 except Exception as e: 17 print(e) 18 self.db = self.conn[settings["db_name"]] 19 self.my_set = self.db[settings["set_name"]] 20 21 def insert(self,dic): 22 print("inser...") 23 self.my_set.insert(dic) 24 25 def update(self,dic,newdic): 26 print("update...") 27 self.my_set.update(dic,newdic) 28 29 def delete(self,dic): 30 print("delete...") 31 self.my_set.remove(dic) 32 33 def dbfind(self,dic): 34 print("find...") 35 data = self.my_set.find(dic) 36 for result in data: 37 print(result["name"],result["age"]) 38 39 def main(): 40 dic={"name":"zhangsan","age":18} 41 mongo = MyMongoDB() 42 mongo.insert(dic) 43 mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"}) 44 45 mongo.update({"name":"zhangsan"},{"$set":{"age":"25"}}) 46 mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"}) 47 48 mongo.delete({"name":"zhangsan"}) 49 mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"}) 50 51 if __name__ == "__main__": 52 main()