Python - 发送邮件

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0. 邮件知识介绍

E-mail服务器流程

　　

E-mail格式

Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
To: jinguang.liu@qq.com
From: jliu@163.com
Subject: This is a test email
Date: Wed, 22 Apr 2015 22:26:32 +0800
Message-ID: <20150422142632.10808.43927@bob-PC>
 
 
Hello,
   this is an autotest email.
---anonimous

 

base64编码

 

　　SMTP是发送邮件的协议，Python内置对SMTP的支持，可以发送纯文本、HTML、带附件的邮件

　　发送邮件用到Python的两个模块 email 和 smtplib，其中email用于构造邮件，而smtplib负责发送邮件

　　下面我们分别介绍Python通过第三方SMTP服务器分别发送纯文本、HTML、带附件的邮件

1. 发送纯文本邮件

　　Header对象用于对邮件中的字符串进行编码

from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from smtplib import SMTP, SMTP_SSL, SMTPException


def send_mail():
    # 第三方SMTP邮件服务器信息
    # SMTP发件服务器地址
    mail_host = \'smtp.exmail.qq.com\'
    # 登录SMT服务器的用户名
    mail_user = \'xx@xx.com\'
    # 登录SMTP服务器的密码，对于126、163邮箱，此处是授权密码而不是登录密码
    mail_pass = \'xxxx\'
    # 发送人
    sender = \'xx@xx.com\'
    # 接收邮件地址，可以填写多个地址
    receivers = [\'mail1@126.com\', \'mail2@qq.com\']
    # 邮件正文
    content = \'Hello World!\'
　　
    # 通过MIMETEXT对象构造邮件，参数分别为邮件内容，邮件MIMETYPE，字符集
    msg = MIMEText(content, \'plain\', \'utf-8\')
    # 邮件标题栏显示的发件人
    msg[\'From\'] = Header(sender, \'utf-8\')
    # 邮件标题栏处显示的收件人
    msg[\'To\'] = Header(\',\'.join(receivers), \'utf-8\')
    # 邮件标题
    msg[\'Subject\'] = Header(\'Python Test\', \'utf-8\')

    # 发送邮件
    try:
        # 通过SMTP对象负责发送邮件，参数分别为SMTP服务器地址，SMTP服务器监听的端口号，
        # 此处可以使用非加密（SMTP）或加密（SMTP_SSL）方式进行传输, 非加密默认监听端口号为25，加密为465
        # smtp_obj = SMTP(mail_host, 25)
        smtp_obj = SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 465)
        # 登录
        smtp_obj.login(mail_user, mail_pass)
        # 发送邮件
        smtp_obj.sendmail(sender, receivers, msg.as_string())
        smtp_obj.quit()
        print(\'Send mail successful\')
    except SMTPException:
        print(\'Email failed to send\')


if __name__ == \'__main__\': send_mail()

 

 

　　网易邮箱通过下图所示的设置，授权第三方应用程序通过其发送邮件

　　

　　 

 

2. 发送HTML邮件

from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from smtplib import SMTP, SMTP_SSL, SMTPException

def send_mail():
    mail_host = \'smtp.exmail.qq.com\'
    mail_user = \'zhueb@nianqa.com\'
    mail_pass = \'xxxx\'
    sender = \'zhueb@nianqa.com\'
    receivers = [\'zhubiaook@126.com\', \'1003685280@qq.com\']

    content = """
    <html>
        <p>Welcome to my site</p>
        <a href=\'https://www.cnblogs.com/zhubiao/\'>https://www.cnblogs.com/zhubiao</a>    
    </html>
    """
　　　
    # 将MIME类型修改为html即可
    msg = MIMEText(content, \'html\', \'utf-8\')
    msg[\'From\'] = Header(sender, \'utf-8\')
    msg[\'To\'] = Header(\',\'.join(receivers), \'utf-8\')
    msg[\'Subject\'] = Header(\'Python Test\', \'utf-8\')

    # 发送邮件
    try:
        # smtp_obj = SMTP(mail_host, 25)
        smtp_obj = SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 465)
        smtp_obj.login(mail_user, mail_pass)
        smtp_obj.sendmail(sender, \',\'.join(receivers), msg.as_string())
        smtp_obj.quit()
        print(\'Email sent successfully\')
    except SMTPException:
        print(\'Email failed to send\')


if __name__ == \'__main__\':
    send_mail()

 

3. 发送带附件的邮件

from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from smtplib import SMTP, SMTP_SSL, SMTPException
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart


def send_mail():
    # 第三方SMTP服务器连接信息
    mail_host = \'smtp.exmail.qq.com\'
    mail_user = \'zhueb@nianqa.com\'
    mail_pass = \'xxxx\'
    sender = \'zhueb@nianqa.com\'
    receivers = [\'zhubiaook@126.com\', \'1003685280@qq.com\']

    # 创建MIMEMultipart对象，可包含text、image、html等混合类型
    msg = MIMEMultipart()

    # 邮件首部
    msg[\'From\'] = Header(sender, \'utf-8\')
    msg[\'To\'] = Header(\',\'.join(receivers), \'utf-8\')
    msg[\'Subject\'] = Header(\'Python Mail Test\', \'utf-8\')

    # 邮件正文内容
    # 邮件正文为html, 插入一张图片，图片来自于附件，其中cid:value表示附件首部键值对Content-ID : value.
    content = """
    <img src=\'cid:img1.jpg\'/>
    <br/>
    <img src=\'cid:img2.jpg\'/>
    """
    msg_content = MIMEText(content, \'html\', \'utf-8\')
    msg.attach(msg_content)

    for file in [\'test.xlsx\', \'img1.jpg\', \'img2.jpg\']:
        # 附件1
        with open(file, \'rb\') as fp:
            att = MIMEText(fp.read(), \'base64\', \'utf-8\')
            att[\'Content-Type\'] = \'application/octet-stream\'
            att[\'Content-Disposition\'] = \'attachment; filename= "test.xlsx"\'
            att[\'Content-ID\'] = file
            msg.attach(att)

    # 发送邮件
    try:
        # smtp_obj = SMTP(mail_host, 25)
        smtp_obj = SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 465)
        smtp_obj.login(mail_user, mail_pass)
        smtp_obj.sendmail(sender, \',\'.join(receivers), msg.as_string())
        smtp_obj.quit()
        print(\'Email sent successfully\')
    except SMTPException:
        print(\'Email failed to send\')


if __name__ == \'__main__\':
    send_mail()

 

 4. Python发送短信

阿里云发送短信Python接口文档：https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/55491.html?spm=5176.10629532.106.3.342e1cbeenXV15

 

 

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