Selenium2+Python：Webdriver API速记手册

Posted 2020-08-27

　　由于web自动化常常需要控制浏览器行为和操作页面元素，相关函数又比较多，于是再此记下一份Webdriver API查阅文档以备不时之需。

　　参考：虫师《Selenium2自动化测试实战》，和http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html

1 #coding=utf-8
2 from selenium import webdriver
3 driver=webdriver.Firefox()
4 driver.get(‘http://www.baidu.com/‘)
5 print ‘driver attributes:‘
6 print dir(driver)
7 Elem=driver.find_element_by_id(‘kw‘)
8 print ‘WebElement attributes:‘
9 print dir(Elem)

　　输出结果：

driver attributes:
[‘__class__‘, ‘__delattr__‘, ‘__dict__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__format__‘, ‘__getattribute__‘, ‘__hash__‘, ‘__init__‘, ‘__module__‘, ‘__new__‘,
 ‘__reduce__‘, ‘__reduce_ex__‘, ‘__repr__‘, ‘__setattr__‘, ‘__sizeof__‘, ‘__str__‘, ‘__subclasshook__‘, ‘__weakref__‘, ‘_file_detector‘
, ‘_is_remote‘, ‘_mobile‘, ‘_switch_to‘, ‘_unwrap_value‘, ‘_wrap_value‘, ‘add_cookie‘, ‘application_cache‘, ‘back‘, ‘capabilities‘, 
‘close‘, ‘command_executor‘, ‘create_options‘, ‘create_web_element‘, ‘current_url‘, ‘current_window_handle‘, ‘delete_all_cookies‘, 
‘delete_cookie‘, ‘desired_capabilities‘, ‘error_handler‘, ‘execute‘, ‘execute_async_script‘, ‘execute_script‘, ‘file_detector‘, 
‘file_detector_context‘, ‘find_element‘, ‘find_element_by_class_name‘, ‘find_element_by_css_selector‘, ‘find_element_by_id‘, 
‘find_element_by_link_text‘, ‘find_element_by_name‘, ‘find_element_by_partial_link_text‘, ‘find_element_by_tag_name‘, 
‘find_element_by_xpath‘, ‘find_elements‘, ‘find_elements_by_class_name‘, ‘find_elements_by_css_selector‘, ‘find_elements_by_id‘, 
‘find_elements_by_link_text‘, ‘find_elements_by_name‘, ‘find_elements_by_partial_link_text‘, ‘find_elements_by_tag_name‘, 
‘find_elements_by_xpath‘, ‘forward‘, ‘get‘, ‘get_cookie‘, ‘get_cookies‘, ‘get_log‘, ‘get_screenshot_as_base64‘, 
‘get_screenshot_as_file‘, ‘get_screenshot_as_png‘, ‘get_window_position‘, ‘get_window_size‘, ‘implicitly_wait‘, ‘launch_app‘, 
‘log_types‘, ‘maximize_window‘, ‘mobile‘, ‘name‘, ‘orientation‘, ‘page_source‘, ‘quit‘, ‘refresh‘, ‘save_screenshot‘, ‘service‘, 
‘session_id‘, ‘set_page_load_timeout‘, ‘set_script_timeout‘, ‘set_window_position‘, ‘set_window_size‘, ‘start_client‘, ‘start_session‘,
 ‘stop_client‘, ‘switch_to‘, ‘switch_to_active_element‘, ‘switch_to_alert‘, ‘switch_to_default_content‘, ‘switch_to_frame‘, 
‘switch_to_window‘, ‘title‘, ‘w3c‘, ‘window_handles‘]

　　调用语法：driver.属性名(注：Some attributes are callable (or methods) and others are non-callable (properties)，以下列出的均为方法属性)

　　常用属性：

 1 driver.find_element_by_id(id_)                        #查找元素的id 
 2 driver.find_element_by_name(name）                    #查找元素的name
 3 driver.find_element_by_link_text(link_text)           #查找元素的链接文本
 4 driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(link_text)   #查找元素的链接的部分文本
 5 driver.find_element_by_tag_name(name)                 #查找元素的标签名
 6 driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)                   #查找元素的xpath
 7 driver.find_elements_by_xpath(xpath)                  #查找元素内的子元素的xpath 
 8 driver.find_element_by_class_name(name)               #查找一个元素的类名
 9 driver.find_elements_by_class_name(name)              #查找元素的类名
10 driver.find_element_by_css_selector(css_selector)     #查找并返回一个元素的CSS 选择器
11 driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(css_selector)    #查找并返回多个元素的CSS 选择器列表

 1 driver.get(url)                          #浏览器加载url。
 2 driver.forward()                         #浏览器向前（点击向前按钮）
 3 driver.back()                            #浏览器向后（点击向后按钮）
 4 driver.refresh()                         #浏览器刷新（点击刷新按钮）
 5 driver.close()                           #关闭当前窗口，或最后打开的窗口。
 6 driver.quit()                            #关闭所有关联窗口，并且安全关闭session
 7 driver.maximize_window()                 #最大化浏览器窗口
 8 driver.set_window_size(宽，高)            #设置浏览器窗口大小
 9 driver.get_window_size()                 #获取当前窗口大小
10 driver.switch_to_window(窗口句柄)         #切换到新窗口
11 driver.switch_to_frame(id或name属性值)    #切换到新表单(同一窗口)。若无id或属性值，可先通过xpath定位到iframe，再将值传给switch_to_frame()

1 driver.get_screenshot_as_file(filename)           #窗口截图
2 driver.switch_to_alert()                          #警告框处理。处理JavaScript所生成的alert,confirm,prompt.
3 driver.implicitly_wait(秒)      　　　　　　　　　　　#隐式等待，通过一定的时长等待页面上某一元素加载完成。若提前定位到元素，则继续执行。若超过时间未加载出，则抛出NoSuchElementException异常
4 driver.execute_script(js)                         #调用js
5 driver.get_cookies()                              #获取当前会话所有cookie信息。
6 driver.get_cookie(cookie_name)                    #返回字典的key为“cookie_name”的cookie信息。
7 driver.add_cookie(cookie_dict)                    #添加cookie。“cookie_dict”指字典对象，必须有name和value值。
8 driver.delete_cookie(name,optionsString)        　#删除cookie信息。
9 driver.delete_all_cookies()                       #删除所有cookie信息

　　

输出结果：　

WebElement attributes:
[‘__class__‘, ‘__delattr__‘, ‘__dict__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__eq__‘, ‘__format__‘, ‘__getattribute__‘, ‘__hash__‘, ‘__init__‘, ‘__module__‘,
 ‘__ne__‘, ‘__new__‘, ‘__reduce__‘, ‘__reduce_ex__‘, ‘__repr__‘, ‘__setattr__‘, ‘__sizeof__‘, ‘__str__‘, ‘__subclasshook__‘,
 ‘__weakref__‘, ‘_execute‘, ‘_id‘, ‘_parent‘, ‘_upload‘, ‘_w3c‘, ‘clear‘, ‘click‘, ‘find_element‘, ‘find_element_by_class_name‘, 
‘find_element_by_css_selector‘, ‘find_element_by_id‘, ‘find_element_by_link_text‘, ‘find_element_by_name‘, 
‘find_element_by_partial_link_text‘, ‘find_element_by_tag_name‘, ‘find_element_by_xpath‘, ‘find_elements‘, 
‘find_elements_by_class_name‘, ‘find_elements_by_css_selector‘, ‘find_elements_by_id‘, ‘find_elements_by_link_text‘, 
‘find_elements_by_name‘, ‘find_elements_by_partial_link_text‘, ‘find_elements_by_tag_name‘, ‘find_elements_by_xpath‘, 
‘get_attribute‘, ‘id‘, ‘is_displayed‘, ‘is_enabled‘, ‘is_selected‘, ‘location‘, ‘location_once_scrolled_into_view‘, ‘parent‘, ‘rect‘, 
‘screenshot‘, ‘screenshot_as_base64‘, ‘screenshot_as_png‘, ‘send_keys‘, ‘size‘, ‘submit‘, ‘tag_name‘, ‘text‘, ‘value_of_css_property‘]

　　调用语法：driver.find_element*.属性名(注：Some attributes are callable (or methods) and others are non-callable (properties)，以下列出的均为方法属性)

　　常用属性：

1 driver.find_element_by_*().clear()                   #清除文本
2 driver.find_element_by_*().send_keys(value)          #模拟键盘输入
3 driver.find_element_by_*().click()                   #单击元素，可以作用于按钮、链接、复选框、单选框、下拉框
4 driver.find_element_by_*().submit()                  #用于表单提交，应用范围不及click()广泛
5 driver.find_element_by_*().get_attribute(name)    　　#获得属性值
6 driver.find_element_by_*().is_displayed()        　　 #返回元素结果是否可见（True 或 False）
7 driver.find_element_by_*().is_selected()        　　　#返回元素结果是否被选中（True 或 False）
8 driver.find_element_by_*().find_element_by_*()       #定位元素，用于二次定位

 

补充：鼠标事件：perform()对所有鼠标事件进行存储，或者说是对所以操作都进行了提交

 
 #定位到要右击的元素
 element =driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[3]/table/tbody/tr/td[2]")
 #对定位到的元素执行鼠标右键操作
 ActionChains(driver).context_click(qqq).perform()
 
 #定位到要双击的元素
 element =driver.find_element_by_id("submit")
 ActionChains(driver).double_click(qqq).perform()
 
  #定位元素的原位置
  element = driver.find_element_by_name("source")
  #定位元素要移动到的目标位置
  target =  driver.find_element_by_name("target")
  ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(element, target).perform()
 
  #定位鼠标悬停的元素
  element = self.find_element(*locator)
 ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(element).perform()