Python之路第八篇：堡垒机实例以及数据库操作（paramiko）
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堡垒机前戏
开发堡垒机之前，先来学习Python的paramiko模块，该模块机遇SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作
SSHClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令
基于用户名密码连接：
import paramiko # 创建SSH对象 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 连接服务器 ssh.connect(hostname=\'c1.salt.com\', port=22, username=\'wupeiqi\', password=\'123\') # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(\'df\') # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() # 关闭连接 ssh.close()
import paramiko transport = paramiko.Transport((\'hostname\', 22)) transport.connect(username=\'wupeiqi\', password=\'123\') ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(\'df\') print stdout.read() transport.close() SSHClient 封装 Transport
基于公钥密钥连接：
import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(\'/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa\') # 创建SSH对象 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 连接服务器 ssh.connect(hostname=\'c1.salt.com\', port=22, username=\'wupeiqi\', key=private_key) # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(\'df\') # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() # 关闭连接 ssh.close()
import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(\'/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa\') transport = paramiko.Transport((\'hostname\', 22)) transport.connect(username=\'wupeiqi\', pkey=private_key) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(\'df\') transport.close() SSHClient 封装 Transport
import paramiko from io import StringIO key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIIEpQIBAAKCAQEAq7gLsqYArAFco02/55IgNg0r7NXOtEM3qXpb/dabJ5Uyky/8 NEHhFiQ7deHIRIuTW5Zb0kD6h6EBbVlUMBmwJrC2oSzySLU1w+ZNfH0PE6W6fans H80whhuc/YgP+fjiO+VR/gFcqib8Rll5UfYzf5H8uuOnDeIXGCVgyHQSmt8if1+e 7hn1MVO1Lrm9Fco8ABI7dyv8/ZEwoSfh2C9rGYgA58LT1FkBRkOePbHD43xNfAYC tfLvz6LErMnwdOW4sNMEWWAWv1fsTB35PAm5CazfKzmam9n5IQXhmUNcNvmaZtvP c4f4g59mdsaWNtNaY96UjOfx83Om86gmdkKcnwIDAQABAoIBAQCnDBGFJuv8aA7A ZkBLe+GN815JtOyye7lIS1n2I7En3oImoUWNaJEYwwJ8+LmjxMwDCtAkR0XwbvY+ c+nsKPEtkjb3sAu6I148RmwWsGncSRqUaJrljOypaW9dS+GO4Ujjz3/lw1lrxSUh IqVc0E7kyRW8kP3QCaNBwArYteHreZFFp6XmtKMtXaEA3saJYILxaaXlYkoRi4k8 S2/K8aw3ZMR4tDCOfB4o47JaeiA/e185RK3A+mLn9xTDhTdZqTQpv17/YRPcgmwz zu30fhVXQT/SuI0sO+bzCO4YGoEwoBX718AWhdLJFoFq1B7k2ZEzXTAtjEXQEWm6 01ndU/jhAasdfasdasdfasdfa3eraszxqwefasdfadasdffsFIfAsjQb4HdkmHuC OeJrJOd+CYvdEeqJJNnF6AbHyYHIECkj0Qq1kEfLOEsqzd5nDbtkKBte6M1trbjl HtJ2Yb8w6o/q/6Sbj7wf/cW3LIYEdeVCjScozVcQ9R83ea05J+QOAr4nAoGBAMaq UzLJfLNWZ5Qosmir2oHStFlZpxspax/ln7DlWLW4wPB4YJalSVovF2Buo8hr8X65 lnPiE41M+G0Z7icEXiFyDBFDCtzx0x/RmaBokLathrFtI81UCx4gQPLaSVNMlvQA 539GsubSrO4LpHRNGg/weZ6EqQOXvHvkUkm2bDDJAoGATytFNxen6GtC0ZT3SRQM WYfasdf3xbtuykmnluiofasd2sfmjnljkt7khghmghdasSDFGQfgaFoKfaawoYeH C2XasVUsVviBn8kPSLSVBPX4JUfQmA6h8HsajeVahxN1U9e0nYJ0sYDQFUMTS2t8 RT57+WK/0ONwTWHdu+KnaJECgYEAid/ta8LQC3p82iNAZkpWlGDSD2yb/8rH8NQg 9tjEryFwrbMtfX9qn+8srx06B796U3OjifstjJQNmVI0qNlsJpQK8fPwVxRxbJS/ pMbNICrf3sUa4sZgDOFfkeuSlgACh4cVIozDXlR59Z8Y3CoiW0uObEgvMDIfenAj 98pl3ZkCgYEAj/UCSni0dwX4pnKNPm6LUgiS7QvIgM3H9piyt8aipQuzBi5LUKWw DlQC4Zb73nHgdREtQYYXTu7p27Bl0Gizz1sW2eSgxFU8eTh+ucfVwOXKAXKU5SeI +MbuBfUYQ4if2N/BXn47+/ecf3A4KgB37Le5SbLDddwCNxGlBzbpBa0= -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----""" private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str)) transport = paramiko.Transport((\'10.0.1.40\', 22)) transport.connect(username=\'wupeiqi\', pkey=private_key) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(\'df\') result = stdout.read() transport.close() print(result) 基于私钥字符串进行连接
SFTPClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载
基于用户名密码上传下载
import paramiko transport = paramiko.Transport((\'hostname\',22)) transport.connect(username=\'wupeiqi\',password=\'123\') sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(\'/tmp/location.py\', \'/tmp/test.py\') # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path sftp.get(\'remove_path\', \'local_path\') transport.close()
基于公钥密钥上传下载
import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(\'/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa\') transport = paramiko.Transport((\'hostname\', 22)) transport.connect(username=\'wupeiqi\', pkey=private_key ) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(\'/tmp/location.py\', \'/tmp/test.py\') # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path sftp.get(\'remove_path\', \'local_path\') transport.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import paramiko import uuid class Haproxy(object): def __init__(self): self.host = \'172.16.103.191\' self.port = 22 self.username = \'wupeiqi\' self.pwd = \'123\' self.__k = None def create_file(self): file_name = str(uuid.uuid4()) with open(file_name,\'w\') as f: f.write(\'sb\') return file_name def run(self): self.connect() self.upload() self.rename() self.close() def connect(self): transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port)) transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd) self.__transport = transport def close(self): self.__transport.close() def upload(self): # 连接，上传 file_name = self.create_file() sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(file_name, \'/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py\') def rename(self): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(\'mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py\') # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() ha = Haproxy() ha.run() Demo
import paramiko class SSHProxy(object): def __init__(self, hostname, port, username, password): self.hostname = hostname self.port = port self.username = username self.password = password self.transport = None def open(self): self.transport = paramiko.Transport((self.hostname, self.port)) self.transport.connect(username=self.username, password=self.password) def command(self, cmd): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd) result = stdout.read() return result def upload(self, local_path, remote_path): sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.transport) sftp.put(local_path, remote_path) sftp.close() def close(self): self.transport.close() def __enter__(self): self.open() return self def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): self.close() if __name__ == \'__main__\': with SSHProxy("123.206.16.61",22,\'root\',\'nidaye..!\') as ssh: ssh.command(\'df\') ssh.upload(r\'D:\\wupeiqi\\s27\\day01\\4.基于paramiko操作\\xx\', \'/data/s27/xx\')
堡垒机的实现
实现思路：
堡垒机执行流程：
- 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号（将公钥放置服务器，或者使用用户名密码）
- 用户登陆堡垒机，输入堡垒机用户名密码，现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
- 用户选择服务器，并自动登陆
- 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录
注：配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本，如：/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
实现过程
步骤一，实现用户登陆
import getpass
user = raw_input(\'username:\')
pwd = getpass.getpass(\'password\')
if user == \'alex\' and pwd == \'123\':
print \'登陆成功\'
else:
print \'登陆失败\'
步骤二，根据用户获取相关服务器列表
dic = {
\'alex\': [
\'172.16.103.189\',
\'c10.puppet.com\',
\'c11.puppet.com\',
],
\'eric\': [
\'c100.puppet.com\',
]
}
host_list = dic[\'alex\']
print \'please select:\'
for index, item in enumerate(host_list, 1):
print index, item
inp = raw_input(\'your select (No):\')
inp = int(inp)
hostname = host_list[inp-1]
port = 22
步骤三，根据用户名、私钥登陆服务器
tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,)) tran.start_client() default_path = os.path.join(os.environ[\'HOME\'], \'.ssh\', \'id_rsa\') key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path) tran.auth_publickey(\'wupeiqi\', key) # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() ######### # 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作 # 用户在终端输入内容，并将内容发送至远程服务器 # 远程服务器执行命令，并将结果返回 # 用户终端显示内容 ######### chan.close() tran.close()
while True: # 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据 # sys.stdin 处理用户输入 # chan 是之前创建的通道，用于接收服务器返回信息 readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1) if chan in readable: try: x = chan.recv(1024) if len(x) == 0: print \'\\r\\n*** EOF\\r\\n\', break sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in readable: inp = sys.stdin.readline() chan.sendall(inp) 肆意妄为方式一
# 获取原tty属性 oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) try: # 为tty设置新属性 # 默认当前tty设备属性： # 输入一行回车，执行 # CTRL+C 进程退出，遇到特殊字符，特殊处理。 # 这是为原始模式，不认识所有特殊符号 # 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端，如此设置，将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器 tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) chan.settimeout(0.0) while True: # 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据（socket） # 阻塞，直到句柄可读 r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1) if chan in r: try: x = chan.recv(1024) if len(x) == 0: print \'\\r\\n*** EOF\\r\\n\', break sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in r: x = sys.stdin.read(1) if len(x) == 0: break chan.send(x) finally: # 重新设置终端属性 termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) 肆意妄为方式二
def windows_shell(chan): import threading sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\\r\\n\\r\\n") def writeall(sock): while True: data = sock.recv(256) if not data: sys.stdout.write(\'\\r\\n*** EOF ***\\r\\n\\r\\n\') sys.stdout.flush() break sys.stdout.write(data) sys.stdout.flush() writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,)) writer.start() try: while True: d = sys.stdin.read(1) if not d: break chan.send(d) except EOFError: # user hit ^Z or F6 pass 肆意妄为方式三
注：密码验证 t.auth_password(username, pw)
详见：paramiko源码demo
数据库操作
Python 操作 Mysql 模块的安装
linux：
yum install MySQL-python
window：
http://files.cnblogs.com/files/wupeiqi/py-mysql-win.zip
SQL基本使用
1、数据库操作
show databases; use [databasename]; create database [name];
2、数据表操作
show tables;
create table students
(
id int not null auto_increment primary key,
name char(8) not null,
sex char(4) not null,
age tinyint unsigned not null,
tel char(13) null default "-"
);
CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` ( `id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL, `catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT \'0\', `title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT \'\', `content` text NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`) ) ;
3、数据操作
insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values(\'alex\',\'man\',18,\'151515151\') delete from students where id =2; update students set name = \'sb\' where id =1; select * from students
4、其他
主键 外键 左右连接
Python MySQL API
一、插入数据
import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=\'127.0.0.1\',user=\'root\',passwd=\'1234\',db=\'mydb\')
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute(\'insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)\',(\'alex\',\'usa\'))
# reCount = cur.execute(\'insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)\',{\'id\':12345,\'name\':\'wupeiqi\'})
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print reCount
import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=\'127.0.0.1\',user=\'root\',passwd=\'1234\',db=\'mydb\') cur = conn.cursor() li =[ (\'alex\',\'usa\'), (\'sb\',\'usa\'), ] reCount = cur.executemany(\'insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)\',li) conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount 批量插入数据
注意：cur.lastrowid
二、删除数据
import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=\'127.0.0.1\',user=\'root\',passwd=\'1234\',db=\'mydb\') cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute(\'delete from UserInfo\') conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount
三、修改数据
import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=\'127.0.0.1\',user=\'root\',passwd=\'1234\',db=\'mydb\') cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute(\'update UserInfo set Name = %s\',(\'alin\',)) conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount
四、查数据
# ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num) ##############################
import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=\'127.0.0.1\',user=\'root\',passwd=\'1234\',db=\'mydb\')
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute(\'select * from UserInfo\')
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
cur.scroll(-1,mode=\'relative\')
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
cur.scroll(0,mode=\'absolute\')
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print reCount
# ############################## fetchall ##############################
import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=\'127.0.0.1\',user=\'root\',passwd=\'1234\',db=\'mydb\')
#cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute(\'select Name,Address from UserInfo\')
nRet = cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print reCount
print nRet
for i in nRet:
print i[0],i[1]
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