Python3实现126邮箱163邮箱SMTP发送邮件

Posted 2020-11-21 一蓑烟雨

Email起到提醒作用，当爬虫过程中遇到异常或者服务器遇到问题，可以通过Email及时向自己报告。
发送邮件的协议是STMP，python内置对SMTP的支持，可以发送纯文本邮件、html邮件以及带附件的邮件。

SMTP协议

首先了解SMTP(简单邮件传输协议)，邮件传送代理程序使用SMTP协议来发送电邮到接收者的邮件服务器。SMTP协议只能用来发送邮件，不能用来接收邮件，而大多数的邮件发送服务器都是使用SMTP协议。SMTP协议的默认TCP端口号是25。

发送邮件之前的配置：

 

上面说了是使用SMTP协议发送的邮件，所以需要先查看你的发件人邮箱是否有开启SMTP协议，如没有，则需要开启，我测试使用的是163.com的邮箱作为发信人邮箱，在设置中开启SMTP协议如下图所示。 

构造一个简单的纯文本邮件

from email.mime.text import MIMEText
msg = MIMEText(\'Python爬虫运行异常，异常信息为遇到HTTP 403\', \'plain\', \'utf-8\')
构造MIMEText对象时需要三个参数
邮件正文，\'Python爬虫运行异常，异常信息为遇到HTTP 403\'
MIMEL的subtype，\'plain\'表示纯文本
编码格式，\'utf-8\'

例子（1）

import smtplib
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
 
# 第三方 SMTP 服务
mail_host = "smtp.126.com"      # SMTP服务器
mail_user = "***@126.com"                  # 用户名
mail_pass = "******"               # 授权密码，非登录密码
 
sender = \'***@126.com\'    # 发件人邮箱(最好写全, 不然会失败)
receivers = [\'*****@aliyun.com\']  # 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
 
content = \'Python爬虫运行异常\'
title = \'测试\'  # 邮件主题
 
def sendEmail():
 
    message = MIMEText(content, \'plain\', \'utf-8\')  # 内容, 格式, 编码
    message[\'From\'] = "{}".format(sender)
    message[\'To\'] = ",".join(receivers)
    message[\'Subject\'] = title
 
    try:
        smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 465)  # 启用SSL发信, 端口一般是465
        smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass)  # 登录验证
        smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())  # 发送
        print("mail has been send successfully.")
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
        print(e)
 
def send_email2(SMTP_host, from_account, from_passwd, to_account, subject, content):
    email_client = smtplib.SMTP(SMTP_host)
    email_client.login(from_account, from_passwd)
    # create msg
    msg = MIMEText(content, \'plain\', \'utf-8\')
    msg[\'Subject\'] = Header(subject, \'utf-8\')  # subject
    msg[\'From\'] = from_account
    msg[\'To\'] = to_account
    email_client.sendmail(from_account, to_account, msg.as_string())
 
    email_client.quit()
 
if __name__ == \'__main__\':
    sendEmail()

（2）

 1 import smtplib
 2 from email.header import Header
 3 from email.mime.text import MIMEText
 4  
 5 # 第三方 SMTP 服务
 6 mail_host = "smtp.126.com"      # SMTP服务器
 7 mail_user = "***@126.com"                  # 用户名
 8 mail_pass = "******"               # 授权密码，非登录密码
 9  
10 sender = \'***@126.com\'    # 发件人邮箱(最好写全, 不然会失败)
11 receivers = [\'*****@aliyun.com\']  # 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
12  
13 content = \'聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？\'
14 title = \'匆匆\'  # 邮件主题
15  
16 def sendEmail():
17  
18     message = MIMEText(content, \'plain\', \'utf-8\')  # 内容, 格式, 编码
19     message[\'From\'] = "{}".format(sender)
20     message[\'To\'] = ",".join(receivers)
21     message[\'Subject\'] = title
22  
23     try:
24         smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 465)  # 启用SSL发信, 端口一般是465
25         smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass)  # 登录验证
26         smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())  # 发送
27         print("mail has been send successfully.")
28     except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
29         print(e)
30  
31 def send_email2(SMTP_host, from_account, from_passwd, to_account, subject, content):
32     email_client = smtplib.SMTP(SMTP_host)
33     email_client.login(from_account, from_passwd)
34     # create msg
35     msg = MIMEText(content, \'plain\', \'utf-8\')
36     msg[\'Subject\'] = Header(subject, \'utf-8\')  # subject
37     msg[\'From\'] = from_account
38     msg[\'To\'] = to_account
39     email_client.sendmail(from_account, to_account, msg.as_string())
40  
41     email_client.quit()
42  
43 if __name__ == \'__main__\':
44     sendEmail()
45     # receiver = \'***\'
46     # send_email2(mail_host, mail_user, mail_pass, receiver, title, content)

终端显示发送成功。

1 wljdeMacBook-Pro:Desktop wlj$ python3 126.py
2 mail has been send successfully.
3 wljdeMacBook-Pro:Desktop wlj$ 

 

如果测试出现报错，请看网易邮箱给出的状态码及含义。