drf-认证权限频率过滤排序分页

Posted 2023-04-24 404 NotFound

1.认证组件

1.1 局部认证

1.首先写两个接口，一个查询单个一个查询所有，我们利用视图扩展类和视图子类写在一个视图类上:
views.py:
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
from rest_framework.mixins import RetrieveModelMixin

class BookView(ViewSetMixin,ListAPIView,RetrieveModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
# ViewSetMixin:负责自动生成路由
# ListAPIView:继承扩展类ListModelMixin，里面有list方法
# RetrieveModelMixin:里面有retrieve方法

serializer.py:
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Book

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = [\'name\',\'price\',\'publish\',\'authors\',\'publish_detail\',\'author_detail\']
        extra_kwargs = 
            \'name\':\'max_length\':8,
            \'price\': \'max_length\': 8,
            \'publish_detail\':\'read_only\':True,
            \'author_detail\':\'read_only\':True,
            \'publish\':\'write_only\':True,
            \'authors\':\'write_only\':True
        
        
models.py:
class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class UserToken(models.Model):
    token = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    user = models.OneToOneField(to=\'User\',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
"""
写在两个视图类上按照以下写法:
"""
views.py:
class BookView(ViewSetMixin,ListAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer


class BookDetailView(ViewSetMixin,RetrieveAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
#   RetrieveAPIView继承RetrieveModelMixin和GenericAPIView，GenericAPIView中有queryset和serializer_class方法，所以继承RetrieveAPIView不继承RetrieveModelMixin。
models.py、serializer.py和之前一样

2.接下来我们想在查询单个图书接口上加上认证组件:
	1.写一个认证类，继承BaseAuthentication
	2.重写authenticate方法，拿到请求的数据(GET请求请求体当中不能携带数据，一般选用在请求头和地址栏当中携带数据)，用该数据在数据库UserToken表中查找
	3.如果认证成功则返回两个值:用户对象和随机字符串token。认证失败则抛出异常AuthenticationFailed。 
	4.局部使用:
		class BookDetailView(ViewSetMixin,RetrieveAPIView):   			authentication_classes = [LoginAuth]			    
        
3.代码:
authenticate.py:
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed
from .models import UserToken

class LoginAuth(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        token = request.query_params.get(\'token\')
        if token:
            user_token = UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
            if user_token:
                return user_token.user,token
            else:
                raise AuthenticationFailed(\'token认证失败\')
        else:
            raise AuthenticationFailed(\'token未上传\')

views.py:
class BookDetailView(ViewSetMixin,RetrieveAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    authentication_classes = [LoginAuth]
"""
authentication_classes是在:RetrieveAPIView>>>GenericAPIView>>>APIView中，在APIView中完成了三大认证。
"""   
serializer.py和models.py中代码未变

1.2 全局认证

在setting.py中设置:
REST_FRAMEWORK = 
    \'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES\': [\'app01.authenticate.LoginAuth\']

此时我们发现即使是登陆也需要上传uuid字符串，不符合逻辑，需要在登陆类免除登录设置:
views.py:
class UserView(ViewSet):
    # 局部解除全局限制
    authentication_classes = []
    @action(methods=[\'POST\'],detail=False,url_path=\'login\',url_name=\'login\')
    def login(self,request):
        username = request.data.get(\'username\')
        password = request.data.get(\'password\')
        user_obj = User.objects.filter(username=username,password=password).first()
        if user_obj:
            token = str(uuid.uuid4())
            UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user_obj,defaults=\'token\':token)
            return Response(\'code\':100,\'msg\':\'登陆成功\',\'token\':token)
        else:
            return Response(\'code\':101,\'msg\':\'用户名或密码错误\')

class BookView(ViewSetMixin,ListAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer


class BookDetailView(ViewSetMixin,RetrieveAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

2.权限组件

2.1 局部权限

1.在某些软件上即使登陆成功，也不能访问，因为没有权限。这是由于在user表中增加了一个字段，用来区分是普通用户还是管理员(会员)。

2.步骤:
	1 写一个权限类，继承BasePermission
	2 重写has_permission方法，在该方法在中实现权限认证，在这方法中，request.user就是当前登录用户
	3 如果有权限，返回True
	4 没有权限，返回False，定制返回的中文： self.message=\'中文\'
	5 局部使用和全局使用
    
3.代码:
models.py:
class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=((1,\'超级会员\'),(2,\'普通用户\')),default=2)
    
permissions.py:
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission

class MyPermission(BasePermission):
    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        if request.user.user_type == 1:
            return True
        else:
            # self.message是定制的中文提示
            self.message = \'您是%s,无权访问\' % request.user.get_user_type_display()
        # get_字段名_display()可以拿到字段中choice中的注释
            return False

views.py:
class BookDetailView(ViewSetMixin,RetrieveAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    authentication_classes = [LoginAuth]
    permission_classes = [MyPermission]

2.2 全局权限

如果很多视图类都要执行该权限，可以在设置中设置全局权限，并且可以对指定的视图类免除该权限:
settings.py:
REST_FRAMEWORK = 
    \'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES\': [\'app01.permissions.MyPermission\']


views.py:
class BookDetailView(ViewSetMixin,RetrieveAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    authentication_classes = [LoginAuth]
    # 局部禁用
    permission_classes = []
permissions.py同上
"""
如果我们用原生的认证和权限，完成该功能:只有登录的用户并且上传token需要配合原生的认证类和权限类使用:
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import JSONWebTokenAuthentication
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated

class CarModelView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = CarMode.objects.all()
    serializer_class = CarModelSerializer
    authentication_classes = [JSONWebTokenAuthentication]  # 校验token有没有传
    permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]  # 校验是否登陆
"""

3.频率组件

3.1 局部频率限制

1.方法:
	1.写一个频率类，继承SimpleRateThrottle
	2.重写get_cache_key方法，返回什么，就以什么做限制(一般以用户ip地址和id做限制)
	3.配置一个类属性：scope = \'zkz\'
	4.在配置文件中配置:m:每分钟;h:每小时;d:每天
REST_FRAMEWORK = 
    \'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES\': 
        \'zkz\': \'3/m\',
    

2.代码:
throttling.py:
from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle

class MyThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
    scope = \'zkz\'
    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
        # 拿到客户端的ip地址
        #  print(request.META.get(\'REMOTE_ADDR\'))  # 127.0.0.1 本机访问是127.0.0.1
        return request.META.get(\'REMOTE_ADDR\')
"""
从地址栏取数据:request.query_params.get(\'token\')
从原生django的cookie中取:request.COOKIE.get(\'sessioned\')
get请求从请求头中取:request.META.get(\'HTTP_TOKEN\')(前端的请求头键是token,经过了包装)
"""
  
views.py:
class BookDetailView(ViewSetMixin,RetrieveAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    authentication_classes = [LoginAuth]
    permission_classes = [MyPermission]
    throttle_classes = [MyThrottle]
    
settings.py:
REST_FRAMEWORK = 
    \'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES\': 
        \'zkz\': \'3/m\',
    

3.2 全局频率限制

settings.py:
REST_FRAMEWORK = 
    \'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES\': 
        \'zkz\': \'3/m\',
    ,
    \'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES\':
        [\'app01.throttling.MyThrottle\'],

视图类中如果不需要频率限制只需要修改:throttle_classes = []

4.过滤

4.1 过滤

只有查询所有才有过滤
方式一:必须要继承GenericAPIView及其子类:
from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter
class BookView(ViewSetMixin,ListAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    filter_backends = [SearchFilter]
    search_fields=[\'name\']
访问的路由要修改成:?search=xxx
eg:?search=三:表示name字段中带有san自的数据对象都可以被筛选出来

"""
search_fields也可以上传多个字段，多个字段内如果都有待匹配的字段，都可以匹配得到:
search_fields=[\'name\',\'price\']
"""

方式二:
利用django-filter模块:可以多个条件同时匹配:
views.py:
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
class BookView(ViewSetMixin, ListAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend]
    filterset_fields = [\'name\', \'price\']

方式三:利用自定义过滤器:自定义一个py文件:filter.py，在里面编写过去条件，返回值是queryset
filter.py:
from rest_framework.filters import BaseFilterBackend

class MyFilter(BaseFilterBackend):
    def filter_queryset(self, request, queryset, view):
        # 可以自定义大于或者小于
        price = request.query_params.get(\'price__gt\',None)
        if price:
            return queryset.filter(price__gt=price)
        else:
            return queryset
        
views.py:
class BookView(ViewSetMixin, ListAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    filter_backends = [MyFilter]  # 可以定制多个，从左往右排

5.排序

from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter

class BookView(ViewSetMixin, ListAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    # 可以先过滤在排序，也可以先排序在过滤，也可以只排序或过滤
    filter_backends = [MyFilter,OrderingFilter]
    ordering_fields = [\'price\']
# 路由:http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/books/?ordering=price:升序
#http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/books/?ordering=-price:降序

"""
也可以按照多个字段排序:
ordering_fields = [\'id\',\'price\']
路由:http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/books/?ordering=price,-id:按照价格升序，按照id降序
"""

6.分页

方式一:自定义一个分页类:
mypage.py:
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination

class MyPage(PageNumberPagination):
    page_size = 2  # 每页显示2条
    page_query_param = \'page\'  # page=10:查询第10页的数据
    page_size_query_param = \'size\'  # page=10&size=5:查询10页每页显示5条
    max_page_size = 5  # 每页最大显示条数
    
views.py:
class BookView(ViewSetMixin, ListAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    filter_backends = [MyFilter,OrderingFilter]
    ordering_fields = [\'id\',\'price\']
    # pagination_class只能选一种，所以不能加列表
    pagination_class = MyPage

方式二:
LimitOffset
class CommonLimitOffsetPagination(LimitOffsetPagination):
    default_limit = 3  # 每页显示2条
    limit_query_param = \'limit\'  # limit=3   取3条
    offset_query_param = \'offset\'  # offset=1  从第一个位置开始，取limit条
    max_limit = 5
    # offset=3&limit=2      0  1 2 3 4 5
    
方式三:
class CommonCursorPagination(CursorPagination):
    cursor_query_param = \'cursor\'  # 查询参数
    page_size = 2  # 每页多少条
    ordering = \'id\'  # 排序字段
# 配置在视图类上即可
class BookView(ViewSetMixin, ListAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    permission_classes = []
    authentication_classes = []
    throttle_classes = []
    # 之前的东西一样用 ,内置的分页类不能直接使用，需要继承，定制一些参数后才能使用
    # pagination_class = PageNumberPagination
    #基本分页方式(基本是这种，网页端)：http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/books/?page=2&size=3

    # pagination_class = LimitOffsetPagination
    # 偏移分页 http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/books/?limit=4&offset=1
    # 从第一条开始，取4条

    pagination_class = CommonCursorPagination
    # 游标分页，只能下一页，上一页，不能跳到中间，但它的效率最高，大数据量分页，使用这种较好

DRF框架——drf-jwt手动签发与校验过滤组件筛选组件排序组件分页组件

自定义drf-jwt手动签发和校验

签发token源码入口

前提：给一个局部禁用了所有 认证与权限 的视图类发送用户信息得到token，其实就是登录接口，不然进不了登录页面

获取提交的username和password
1）rest_framework_jwt.views.ObtainJSONWebToken 的 父类 JSONWebTokenAPIView 的 post 方法
        接受有username、password的post请求
校验数据，并且签发token
2）post方法将请求数据交给 rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer 处理
    完成数据的校验，会走序列化类的 全局钩子校验规则，校验得到登录用户并签发token存储在序列化对象中

核心源码：rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer的validate(self,attrs)方法

def validate(self, attrs):
    # 账号密码字典
    credentials = {
        self.username_field: attrs.get(self.username_field),
        ‘password‘: attrs.get(‘password‘)
    }
    if all(credentials.values()):
        # 签发token第1步：用账号密码得到user对象
        user = authenticate(**credentials)
        if user:
            if not user.is_active:
                msg = _(‘User account is disabled.‘)
                raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
            # 签发token第2步：通过user得到payload，payload包含着用户信息与过期时间
            payload = jwt_payload_handler(user)
            # 在视图类中，可以通过 序列化对象.object.get(‘user‘或者‘token‘) 拿到user和token 
            return {
                # 签发token第3步：通过payload签发出token
                ‘token‘: jwt_encode_handler(payload),
                ‘user‘: user
            }
        else:
            msg = _(‘Unable to log in with provided credentials.‘)
            raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
    else:
        msg = _(‘Must include "{username_field}" and "password".‘)
        msg = msg.format(username_field=self.username_field)
        raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)

手动签发token逻辑  （主要就是jwt_payload_handler和jwt_encode_handler这两个方法，在源码settings中生成token）

1）通过username、password得到user对象
2）通过user对象生成payload：jwt_payload_handler(user) => payload
        from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler
3）通过payload签发token：jwt_encode_handler(payload) => token
        from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler

签发token总结

jwt_payload_handler方法传入登录对象，返回payload(包含用户信息，过期时间)
jwt_encode_handler方法传入payload,返回一个加密的token

流程：获取登录用户对象user--->jwt_payload_handler(user)生成payload(包含用户信息和过期时间)--->jwt_encode_handler(payload)生成一个加密的token

 

校验token源码入口

前提：访问一个配置了jwt认证规则的视图类，就需要提交认证字符串token，在认证类中完成token的校验

1）rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication 的 父类 BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication 的 authenticate 方法
        请求头拿认证信息jwt-token => 通过反爬小规则确定有用的token => payload => user

核心源码： rest_framework_jwt.authentication.BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication的authenticate(self,request)方法

def authenticate(self, request):
    """
    Returns a two-tuple of `User` and token if a valid signature has been
    supplied using JWT-based authentication.  Otherwise returns `None`.
    """
    # 带有反爬小规则的获取token：前台必须按 "jwt token字符串" 方式提交
    # 校验user第1步：从请求头 HTTP_AUTHORIZATION 中拿token，并提取
    jwt_value = self.get_jwt_value(request)
    # 游客
    if jwt_value is None:
        return None
    # 校验
    try:
        # 校验user第2步：token => payload
        payload = jwt_decode_handler(jwt_value)
    except jwt.ExpiredSignature:
        msg = _(‘Signature has expired.‘)
        raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
    except jwt.DecodeError:
        msg = _(‘Error decoding signature.‘)
        raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
    except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
        raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed()
    # 校验user第3步：payload => user
    user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload)

    return (user, jwt_value)

手动校验token逻辑

1）从请求头中获取token
2）根据token解析出payload：jwt_decode_handler(token) => payloay
        from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler
3）根据payload解析出user：self.authenticate_credentials(payload) => user
        继承drf-jwt的BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication，拿到父级的authenticate_credentials方法

校验token总结

从请求头中获取token--->jwt_decode_handler(token)获取到payloay--->self.authenticate_credentials(payload)获取到user

案例：实现多方式登录签发token

models.py

from django.db import models

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class User(AbstractUser):
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table = ‘api_user‘
        verbose_name = ‘用户表‘
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

serializers.py   生成token

#生成token的两个函数  user=>payload=>token
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models
import re
# 1) 前台提交多种登录信息都采用一个key，所以后台可以自定义反序列化字段进行对应
# 2) 序列化类要处理序列化与反序列化，要在fields中设置model绑定的Model类所有使用到的字段
# 3) 区分序列化字段与反序列化字段 read_only | write_only
# 4) 在自定义校验规则中（局部钩子、全局钩子）校验数据是否合法、确定登录的用户、根据用户签发token
# 5) 将登录的用户与签发的token保存在序列化类对象中

#前台有两个输入框：一个账号框(可以填用户名、手机号、邮箱)usr，一个密码框 pwd
class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 自定义反序列字段：一定要设置write_only，只参与反序列化，不会与model类字段映射
    usr = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
    pwd = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
    class Meta:
        model=models.User
        fields = [‘usr‘, ‘pwd‘, ‘username‘, ‘mobile‘, ‘email‘]
        # 系统校验规则和前面write_only设计方式一样
        extra_kwargs = {
            ‘username‘: {
                ‘read_only‘: True
            },
            ‘mobile‘: {
                ‘read_only‘: True
            },
            ‘email‘: {
                ‘read_only‘: True
            },
        }
    #全局钩子，校验数据
    def validate(self, attrs):
        usr = attrs.get(‘usr‘)
        pwd = attrs.get(‘pwd‘)
        # 多方式登录：各分支处理得到该方式下对应的用户
        if re.match(r‘.+@.+‘, usr): #判断是否是邮箱登录
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr)
        elif re.match(r‘1[3-9][0-9]{9}‘, usr): #判断是否是手机号登录
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr)
        else:  #用户名登录
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr)
        user_obj = user_query.first()

        # 签发token：得到登录用户，签发token并存储在实例化对象中
        if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd):
            # 签发token，将token存放到 实例化类对象的token 名字中
            pyload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj)
            token = jwt_encode_handler(pyload)
            # 将当前用户与签发的token都保存在序列化对象中
            self.user = user_obj
            self.token = token
            return attrs

        raise serializers.ValidationError({‘data‘: ‘数据有误‘})

结果只显示fields中的read_only字段

视图层：views.py

#实现多方式登陆签发token：账号、手机号、邮箱等登陆
# 1) 禁用认证与权限组件
# 2) 拿到前台登录信息，交给序列化类
# 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中
# 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台
import re
from . import serializers, models
from utils.response import APIResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler

class LoginAPIView(APIView):
    # 1) 禁用认证与权限组件
    authentication_classes = []
    permission_classes = []
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 2) 拿到前台登录信息，交给序列化类，规则：账号用usr传，密码用pwd传
        user_ser = serializers.UserModelSerializer(data=request.data)
        # 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中
        user_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        # 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台
        return APIResponse(token=user_ser.token, results=serializers.UserModelSerializer(user_ser.user).data)



    # "一根筋" 思考方式：所有逻辑都在视图类中处理
    def my_post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        usr = request.data.get(‘usr‘)
        pwd = request.data.get(‘pwd‘)
        if re.match(r‘.+@.+‘, usr):
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr)
        elif re.match(r‘1[3-9][0-9]{9}‘, usr):
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr)
        else:
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr)
        user_obj = user_query.first()
        if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd):
            payload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj)
            token = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
            return APIResponse(results={‘username‘: user_obj.username}, token=token)
        return APIResponse(data_msg=‘不可控错误‘)

使用Postman,post请求,json格式传参 usr和pwd,返回用户信息和token值

案例：自定义认证反爬规则校验token

authentications.py

import jwt
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed
class JWTAuthentication(BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        #从前端取出token值，放在HTTP_AUTHORIZATION中
        jwt_token = request.META.get(‘HTTP_AUTHORIZATION‘)

        # 自定义校验规则：auth token jwt
        token = self.parse_jwt_token(jwt_token)

        if token is None:
            return None

        try:
            # token => payload
            payload = jwt_decode_handler(token)
        except jwt.ExpiredSignature:
            raise AuthenticationFailed(‘token已过期‘)
        except:
            raise AuthenticationFailed(‘非法用户‘)
        # payload => user
        user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload)

        return (user, token)  #获取到登录对象和签发的token

    # 自定义校验规则：auth token jwt，auth为前盐，jwt为后盐
    def parse_jwt_token(self, jwt_token):
        tokens = jwt_token.split()
        if len(tokens) != 3 or tokens[0].lower() != ‘auth‘ or tokens[2].lower() != ‘jwt‘:
            return None
        return tokens[1]

views.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
# 必须登录后才能访问 - 通过了认证权限组件
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
# 自定义jwt校验规则
from .authentications import JWTAuthentication
class UserDetail(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [JWTAuthentication]   #返回user对象和token
    permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return APIResponse(results={‘username‘: request.user.username})

群查接口各种筛选组件数据准备

models.py

class Car(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=16, unique=True, verbose_name=‘车名‘)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name=‘价格‘)
    brand = models.CharField(max_length=16, verbose_name=‘品牌‘)

    class Meta:
        db_table = ‘api_car‘
        verbose_name = ‘汽车表‘
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

admin.py

admin.site.register(models.Car)

serializers.py

class CarModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Car
        fields = [‘name‘, ‘price‘, ‘brand‘]

views.py

# Car的群查接口
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView

class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer

urls.py

url(r‘^cars/$‘, views.CarListAPIView.as_view()),

drf搜索过滤组件

views.py

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView

# 第一步：drf的SearchFilter - 搜索过滤
from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter

class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer

    # 第二步：局部配置 过滤类 们（全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS）
    filter_backends = [SearchFilter]

    # 第三步：SearchFilter过滤类依赖的过滤条件 => 接口：/cars/?search=...
    search_fields = [‘name‘, ‘price‘]  #筛选字段
    # eg：/cars/?search=1，name和price中包含1的数据都会被查询出

drf排序过滤组件

views.py

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView

# 第一步：drf的OrderingFilter - 排序过滤
from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter

class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer

    # 第二步：局部配置 过滤类 们（全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS）
    filter_backends = [OrderingFilter]

    # 第三步：OrderingFilter过滤类依赖的过滤条件 => 接口：/cars/?ordering=...
    ordering_fields = [‘pk‘, ‘price‘]
    # eg：/cars/?ordering=-price,pk，先按price降序，如果出现price相同，再按pk升序

drf基础分页组件

paginations.py

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination

class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):
    # ?page=页码
    page_query_param = ‘page‘
    # ?page=页面 下默认一页显示的条数
    page_size = 3
    # ?page=页面&page_size=条数 用户自定义一页显示的条数
    page_size_query_param = ‘page_size‘
    # 用户自定义一页显示的条数最大限制：数值超过5也只显示5条
    max_page_size = 5

views.py

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView

class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    # 如果queryset没有过滤条件，就必须 .all()，不然分页会出问题
    queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
    
    # 分页组件 - 给视图类配置分页类即可 - 分页类需要自定义，继承drf提供的分页类即可
    pagination_class = pagenations.MyPageNumberPagination