python设计网站

Posted 109-梁浩辉

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系统概要说明

现在，随着物联网以及网络技术的飞速发展，互联网已经成为了人们发布与获取信息的重要途径之一，所以通过老师要求，我们设计了一个普通的公司管理信息系统网站。这网站的具有的功能有注册，登录，注销，发布，列表展示，详情页，评论（列表显示），个人中心，搜索，条件组合搜索，文章分类，显示，点赞，收藏，修改密码，上传头像，我的发布（点赞），高级搜索等一系列功能。

 

一.网站结构设计

 

二.模块详细设计

2.1基本功能

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}首页</title>

    <!-- 新 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->

    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

    <!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->

    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

    <script src="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'js/switch.js\') }}"></script>

    <link rel="stylesheet"  type="text/css" href="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'css/base.css\') }}">



{% block head %}{% endblock %}

</head>

<body id="myBody" style="background-image:url(/static/img/2345_image_file_copy_4.jpg)">

<nav class="navbar">

    <img src="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'img/1.jpg\') }}" alt="" width="50px">

    <a href="{{ url_for(\'index\') }}">首页</a>

    <a href="{{ url_for(\'questions\') }}">提问</a>

    <form action="{{ url_for(\'search\')}}" method="get" class="navbar-form navbar-right">

    <input name="q" type="text" name="title" required lay-verify="required" placeholder="请输入搜索内容" autocomplete="off"

           class="layui-input">

    <button class="seek" style="padding-left: 10px;" type="submit">搜索</button>

    </form>

{% if username %}

    <a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter\',user_id=user.id,tag=1) }}">{{user.username }}</a>

{#    <a href="#">{{ username }}</a>#}

    <a href="{{ url_for(\'logout\') }}">注销</a>

    {% else %}

    <a class="login" href="{{ url_for(\'login\') }}">登录</a>

    <a class="enroll" href="{{ url_for(\'enroll\') }}">注册</a>

{% endif %}

    <img id="myOnOff" onclick="mySwitch()" src="http://www.runoob.com/images/pic_bulbon.gif" width="25px">

</nav>









{% block main %}

<div>

    <ul>

        {% for foo in fenlei %}

        <li><a href="{{url_for(\'index\',bd= foo.id)}}">{{foo.name}}</a></li>

        {% endfor %}

    </ul>

</div>

    <ul class="list-group">

        {% for foo in questions %}

            <li class="list-group-item"

                style="padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 0px 0px 0px 0px; width: 600px;margin: auto">

                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-leaf" aria-hidden="true"></span>

                <a href="{{ url_for(\'detail\',questions_id=foo.id) }}">{{ foo.title }}</a>{#链接到相关详情页#}

                <span class="badge" >{{ foo.create_time }}</span>

                <p style="margin: 20px">{{ foo.detail }}</p>

                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span>

                <a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter\',user_id=foo.author_id,tag=1) }}">{{ foo.author.username }}评论:({{ foo.comments|length }})</a><br>

            </li>

        {% endfor %}

    </ul>

{% endblock %}



</body>



<footer>

    <div class="footer_box">

        版权@LHH

    </div>

</footer>

</html>
首页基本页面显示功能，其中包含提问，搜索，注销，登录，注册等显示

 

2.2问答详情功能

   {% extends\'base.html\' %}



{% block title %}问答详情{% endblock %}

{% block head %}

    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'css/detail.css\') }}">

{% endblock %}



{% block main %}

    <div class="page-header">

        <h3 align="center">题目：{{ questions.title }}<br>

            <small>作者：{{ questions.author.username }} <span class="badge">发布时间：{{ questions.create_time }}</span>

            </small>

        </h3>

    </div>

    <p class="lead" align="center">详情：{{ questions.detail }}</p><br>



    <form action="{{ url_for(\'dianzan\') }}"method="post" >



        <input type="hidden" name="questions_id" value="{{questions.id }}">

        <input type="hidden" name="user_id" value="{{ userid }}">

        {% if dzyes %}

            <span>点赞数：{{ questions.dianzan|length }}</span>

        {% else %}

            <button type="submit">点赞</button>

        {% endif %}

    </form>

    <form action="{{ url_for(\'collection\') }}" method="post">

        <input type="hidden" name="questions_id" value="{{ questions.id }}">

        <input type="hidden" name="user_id" value="{{ userid }}">

        {% if collection %}

            <span>已收藏</span>

        {% else %}

            <button type="submit">收藏</button>

        {% endif %}

    </form>



    {#发布评论#}

    <form action="{{ url_for(\'comments\') }}" method="post" style="margin: 20px">

        <div class="form-group" align="center">

            <textarea name="new_comment" class="form-control" rows="3" id="new-comment"

                      placeholder="请写下你的评论" style="width:600px; margin: auto"></textarea>

            <input type="hidden" name="questions_id" value="{{ questions.id }}">

            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">发送</button>

        </div>



    </form>





    {# 评论列表#}

    <h4 align="center">评论({{ questions.comments|length }})</h4>

    <ul class="list-group" style="margin: 10px">

        {% for foo in  questions.comments %}

            <li class="list-group-item" style="width: 600px ;margin: auto">

                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-heart-empty" aria-hidden="true"></span>

                <a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter\',user_id=foo.author.id,tag=1) }}">{{ foo.author.username }}</a>

                <span class="badge">{{ foo.create_time }}</span>

                <p>{{ foo.detail }}</p>

            </li>

        {% endfor %}

    </ul>

{% endblock %}

问答详情功能里面包含点赞功能，收藏，评论功能。

2.3注册功能

{% extends\'base.html\' %}
{% block title %}注册{% endblock %}
{% block head %}
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'css/enroll.css\') }}">
    <script src="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'js/enroll.js\') }}"></script>
{% endblock %}


{% block main %}
<div class="box">
    <h2>注册</h2>
    <form action="{{ url_for(\'enroll\') }}" method="post">
    <div class="input_box">
        username:<input  id="zname" type="text"placeholder="设置您的用户名" name="username"><br>
        <!--yourname:<input  id="znickname" type="text"placeholder="设置您的昵称" name="nickname">-->
    </div>
    <div class="input_box">
        password:<input  id="zpass1" type="password"placeholder="设置您的密码" name="password"><br>
    <!--</div>-->
    <!--<div class="input-box">-->
        twowrite:<input id="zpass2" type="password" placeholder="重新输入一样的密码">
    </div>
        <div class="input_box">
        <a href="{{ url_for(\'login\') }}" style="margin: 10px">已有账号，登录</a>
    </div>

    <div id="error_box"><br></div>
    <div class="input_box">
        <button class="button" onclick="fnEnroll()">立即注册</button>
    </div>
    </form>
</div>
{% endblock %}

 

2.4登录功能

{% extends\'base.html\' %}
{% block title %}登录{% endblock %}
{% block head %}
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'css/login.css\') }}">
    <script src="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'/js/login.js\')}}"></script>
{% endblock %}

{% block main %}

<div class="box">
    <h2>登录</h2>
    <form action="{{ url_for(\'login\') }}" method="post">
    <div class="input_box">
        username:<input id="uname" type="text"placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username">
    </div>
    <div class="input_box">
        yourname<input id="unickname" type="text"placeholder="请输入昵称" name="nickname">
    </div>
    <div class="input_box">
        password:<input  id="upass" type="password"placeholder="请输入密码" name="password">
    </div>

    <div class="input_box">
        <a href="{{ url_for(\'enroll\') }}">没有账号？立即注册</a>
    </div>

    <div id="error_box"><br></div>
    <div class="input_box">
        <button class="button"  onclick="fnLogin()">登录</button>
    </div>
    </form>
</div>
{% endblock %}

2.5 发布问答功能

{% extends\'base.html\' %}
{% block title %}发布问答{% endblock %}
{% block head %}
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'css/questions.css\') }}" type="text/css">
{% endblock %}

{% block main %}
    <div class="box">
        <h2>发布问答</h2>
        <form action="{{ url_for(\'questions\') }}" method="post">
            <div class="input-box">
                <lable for="title">标题</lable>
                <textarea class="form-control" id="title" rows="1" cols="50" name="title"></textarea>
            </div>
            <div class="input-box">
                <select name="fenlei_id" id="">
                    {% for foo in fenlei %}
                    <option value="{{foo.id}}">{{foo.name}}</option>
                     {% endfor %}
                </select>
            </div>
            <div class="input-box">
                <lable for="detail">详情</lable>
                <textarea class="form-control" id="detail" rows="5" cols="50" name="detail"></textarea>
            </div>
            <input type="checkbox">记住我<br>
            <div class="input-box">
                <button class="button">发布问答</button>
            </div>

        </form>
    </div>

{% endblock %}

2.6修改密码功能

{% extends\'base.html\' %}
{% block title %}修改密码{% endblock %}
{% block head %}
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'css/login.css\') }}">
    <script src="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'/js/login.js\')}}"></script>
{% endblock %}

{% block main %}

<div class="box">
    <h2>修改密码</h2>
    <form action="{{ url_for(\'updata_password\',user_id=user.id) }}" method="post">
    <div class="input_box">
        oldpwd:<input id="uname" type="text"placeholder="请输入原密码" name="oldpwd">
    </div>
    <div class="input_box">
        newpwd：<input id="unickname" type="text"placeholder="请输入新密码" name="newpwd">
    </div>
    <div class="input_box">
        newpwd1:<input  id="upass" type="password"placeholder="请确认密码" name="newpwd1">
    </div>

    <!--<div class="input_box">-->
        <!--<a href="{{ url_for(\'enroll\') }}">没有账号？立即注册</a>-->
    <!--</div>-->

    <div id="error_box"><br></div>
    <div class="input_box">
        <button class="button" type="submit"  onclick="fnLogin()">登录</button>
    </div>
    </form>
</div>
{% endblock %}

 

2.7个人中心功能

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}个人中心{% endblock %}
{% block head %}
    <style>
        .nav nav-tabs li{
            list-style: none;
            float: left;
            margin: 25px;
        }

    </style>
{% endblock %}

{% block main %}
    <h3><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span>{{ user.username }}</h3>
    <ul class="nav nav-tabs">
    <li role="presentation"><a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter\',user_id=user.id,tag=1) }}">全部问答</a></li>
    <li role="presentation"><a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter\',user_id=user.id,tag=2) }}">全部评论</a></li>
    <li role="presentation"><a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter\',user_id=user.id,tag=3) }}">个人信息</a></li>
    </ul>

    {% block user %}{% endblock %}

{% endblock %}

2.8评论功能

{% extends \'user.html\' %}


{% block user %}
    <div class="page-header">
    <h3><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span>{{ username }}<br>
        <small>全部评论<span class="badge"></span></small>
    </h3>
    <ul class="list-group">
        {% for foo in comments %}
        <li class="list-group-item">
            <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-heart-empty" aria-hidden="true"></span>
            <a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter\',user_id=foo.author_id ,tag=2)}}">{{ foo.author.username }}</a>
            <span class="badge">{{ foo.create_time }}</span>
            <p>{{ foo.detail }}</p>

        </li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</div>
{% endblock %}

 

2.9个人信息功能

{% extends \'user.html\' %}

{% block user %}
    <div class="page-header">
    <h3><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span>{{ username }}<br>
        <small>个人信息<span class="badge"></span></small>
    </h3>
    <ul class="list-group">
        <li class="list-group-item">
            {% if user.img %}
                <img src="/static/{{ user.img }}" alt="" width="150px" height="200px">
            {% else %}
                 无上传图片
            {% endif %}
            <form action="{{ url_for(\'img\',user_id=user.id )}}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
            <input type="file" required name="img">
        <button type="submit">上传</button>
                </form>
        </li>
        <li class="list-group-item">用户：{{ user.username }}</li>
        <li class="list-group-item">编号：{{ user.id }}</li>
        <li class="list-group-item">昵称：{{ nickname }}</li>
        <li class="list-group-item">评论次数：{{ comments|length }}</li>
        <li class="list-group-item">问答次数：{{ questions|length }}</li>
        <li class="list-group-item"><a href="{{ url_for(\'updata_password\',user_id=user.id) }}">修改密码</a></li>
    </ul>
</div>
{% endblock %}

 

 

 

三.数据库设计

3.1注册

function fnEnroll() {
            var oZname=document.getElementById("zname");
            var oZpass1=document.getElementById("zpass1");
            var oZpass2=document.getElementById("zpass2");
            var oError=document.getElementById("error_box");
            var isError=true;

            oError.innerHTML="<br>"

            if ((oZname.value.length < 6) || (oZname.value.length > 12)) {
                oError.innerHTML = "用户名要6-12位";
                isError=false;
                return isError;
            }else if ((oZname.value.charCodeAt(0)>=48)&&(oZname.value.charCodeAt(0)<=57)){
                oError.innerHTML="首字母必须是字母";
                isError=false;
                return isError;
            }else for(var i=0;i<oZname.value.length;i++){
                if ((oZname.value.charCodeAt(i)<48)||(oZname.value.charCodeAt(i)>57)&&(oZname.value.charCodeAt(i)<97) ||(oZname.value.charCodeAt(i)>122)){
                    oError.innerHTML="用户名只能是字母和数字";
                    isNotError=false;
                    return isError;
                }
            }
            if ((oZpass1.value.length < 6) || (oZpass1.value.length > 12)) {
                oError.innerHTML = "密码要6-12位";
                isError=false;
                return isError;

            }else if (oZpass1.value!= oZpass2.value) {
                oError.innerHTML = "两次密码不一致";
                isError=false;
                return isError;
            }
            return isError;
    window.alert("注册成功！")
        }

 

 

3.2登录

   

function fnLogin() {
            var oUname=document.getElementById("uname");
            var oUpass=document.getElementById("upass");
            var oError=document.getElementById("error_box");
            var isError=true;
            oError.innerHTML="<br>"

             //uname
            if ((oUname.value.length < 6) || (oUname.value.length > 20)) {
                oError.innerHTML = "用户名要6-20位";
                isError=false;
                return isError;
            }else if ((oUname.value.charCodeAt(0)>=48)&&(oUname.value.charCodeAt(0)<=57)){
                oError.innerHTML="首字母必须是字母";
                isError=false;
                return isError;
            }else {
                for(var i=0;i<oUname.value.length;i++){
                    if ((oUname.value.charCodeAt(i)<48)||(oUname.value.charCodeAt(i)>57)&&(oUname.value.charCodeAt(i)<97) ||(oUname.value.charCodeAt(i)>122)){
                        oError.innerHTML="用户名只能是字母和数字";
                        isNotError=false;
                        return isError;
                    }
                }
            }
            //upass
            if ((oUpass.value.length < 6 )|| (oUpass.value.length > 20)) {
                oError.innerHTML = "密码要6-20位";
                isError=false;
                return isError;
            }
            return isError;
    window.alert("登录成功！")
        }

 

 

 

 

 

3.3其他

function mySwitch() {
    var oBody = document.getElementById("myBody");
    var oOnOff = document.getElementById("myOnOff");
    if (oOnOff.src.match("bulbon")) {
        oOnOff.src = "http://www.runoob.com/images/pic_bulboff.gif";
        oBody.style.background = "black";
        oBody.style.color = "white";
    } else {
        oOnOff.src = "http://www.runoob.com/images/pic_bulbon.gif";
        oBody.style.background = "white";
        oBody.style.color = "black";

    }
}

 

 

 

四.系统实现的关键算法和数据结构

关键算法是if根据前端传到的数据在后台进行比对，再根据传输的code的值进行判断，再根据js文件的判断，在页面上展示出不同的效果。

其中其code值是如何传输的？这就需要调用其中resful文件中，不同类的定义了。

 

import os
DEBUG=True
SECRET_KEY=os.urandom(24)



SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = \'mysql+pymysql://root:@127.0.0.1:3306/mytest1?charset=utf8\'
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False

 

 

from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, url_for, session,g
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
import config,os
from functools import wraps
from datetime import datetime
from sqlalchemy import or_,and_

from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash,check_password_hash


app=Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(config)
db=SQLAlchemy(app)

# 创建用户模型
class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = \'user\'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(20),nullable=False)
    _password = db.Column(db.String(200),nullable=False)#内部使用
    img= db.Column(db.String(200))
    nickname=db.Column(db.String(50))

    @property
    def password(self): # 外部使用
        return self._password

    @password.setter
    def password(self,row_password):
        self._password = generate_password_hash(row_password)

    def check_password(self,row_password):
        result = check_password_hash(self._password,row_password)
        return result

#创建发布问答模型
class Question(db.Model):
    __tablename__ =\'questions\'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    title=db.Column(db.String(100),nullable=False)
    detail=db.Column(db.Text,nullable=False)
    create_time=db.Column(db.DateTime,default=datetime.now)
    fenlei_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey(\'fenlei.id\'))
    author_id=db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey(\'user.id\'))#外键约束，数据类型db.Integer第二个参数指定外键是user表的id
    author=db.relationship(\'User\',backref=db.backref(\'questions\'))
    fenlei=db.relationship(\'Fenlei\',backref=db.backref(\'questions\'))
# 创建评论模型
class Comment(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = \'comments\'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(\'user.id\'))
    questions_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(\'questions.id\'))
    create_time=db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)
    detail=db.Column(db.Text,nullable=False)
    questions=db.relationship(\'Question\',backref=db.backref(\'comments\',order_by=create_time.desc))
    author=db.relationship(\'User\',backref=db.backref(\'comments\'))

class Fenlei(db.Model):
    __tablename__=\'fenlei\'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(100))

class Dianzan(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = \'dianzan\'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(\'user.id\'))  # 外键约束，数据类型db.Integer第二个参数指定外键是user表的id
    questions_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(\'questions.id\'))
    user = db.relationship(\'User\', backref=db.backref(\'dianzan\'))
    question = db.relationship(\'Question\', backref=db.backref(\'dianzan\'))

class Collection(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = \'collection\'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(\'user.id\'))  # 外键约束，数据类型db.Integer第二个参数指定外键是user表的id
    questions_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(\'questions.id\'))
    create_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)
    user = db.relationship(\'User\', backref=db.backref(\'collection\'))
    question = db.relationship(\'Question\', backref=db.backref(\'collection\'))

db.create_all()

@app.route(\'/\')
def index():
    fenleiid= request.args.get(\'bd\',type=int,default=None)
    if fenleiid:
        questions = Question.query.filter_by(fenlei_id=fenleiid)
    else:
        questions= Question.query.order_by(\'-create_time\').all()
    context={
        "questions":questions,
        "fenlei":Fenlei.query.all()
    }
    return render_template(\'base.html\',**context)

#登录
@app.route(\'/login/\',methods={\'GET\',\'POST\'})
def login():
    if request.method==\'GET\':
        return render_template(\'login.html\')
    else:
        username = request.form.get(\'username\')  # 获取form中的数据
        password = request.form.get(\'password\')
        nickname = request.form.get(\'nickname\')
        user = User.query.filter(User.username == username).first()
        # id = User.query.filter(User.id == id).first()
        if user:
            if user.check_password(password):
                session[\'user\'] = username
                session[\'id\'] = user.id
                session.permanent=True
                return redirect(url_for(\'index\'))  # 返回到首页
            else:
                return u\'password error\'
        else:
            return u\'error username or password\' #输出错误

#修改密码
@app.route(\'/updata_password/<user_id>\',methods={\'GET\',\'POST\'})
def updata_password(user_id):
    if request.method==\'GET\':
        return render_template(\'updata_password.html\')
    else:
        oldpwd = request.form.get(\'oldpwd\')
        newpwd = request.form.get(\'newpwd\')
        newpwd1= request.form.get(\'newpwd1\')
        user= User.query.filter(User.id==user_id).first()
        if user.check_password(oldpwd):
            if newpwd !=newpwd1:
                return \'密码输入不一致\'
            else:
                user.password=newpwd
                db.session.commit()
                return render_template(\'login.html\')
        else:
            return \'原密码错误\'





#注册
@app.route(\'/enroll/\',methods={\'GET\',\'POST\'})
def enroll():
    if request.method==\'GET\':
        return render_template(\'enroll.html\')
    else:
        username=request.form.get(\'username\')# 获取form中的数据
        password=request.form.get(\'password\')
        nickname=request.form.get(\'nickname\')
        user = User.query.filter(User.username == username).first()
        if user:
            return u\'username existed\'
        else:
            user = User(username=username, password=password, nickname=nickname)
            db.session.add(user)#数据库操作
            db.session.commit()
            return redirect(url_for(\'login\'))# 重定向到登录页

#注销
@app.route(\'/logout/\')
def logout():
    session.clear()
    return redirect(url_for(\'index\'))# 清除所有数据返回到首页


# 上下文处理器
@app.context_processor
def mycontext():
    usern=session.get(\'user\')
    userid = session.get(\'userid\')
    # id=session.get(\'id\')
    if usern:
        user = User.query.filter(User.username==usern).first()

        return {\'username\':usern,\'user\':user,
                  \'userid\':user.id
                }
    else:
&nbs

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