matlab形态学处理——膨胀腐蚀的原理

Posted 2023-04-23

膨胀和腐蚀（imerode和imdilate）照理说应该是二值运算，为什么对灰度图像也起作用啊？而且运算后的图像仍然是灰度图像，具有0-255的灰阶，这是为什么啊？

在matlab定义里面，这两个函数本来就是能够作用于灰度图像的，看帮助文件你也能看到
作用与灰度图的例子

当然，膨胀和腐蚀多用于处理二值图像
先把输入的图像二值化成为二值图像，在用这两个函数就可以了 参考技术A matlab中灰度膨胀函数为 imdilate()

比如:
I= imread('circles.png');
subplot(121);imshow(I); title('原图像');
se = strel('disk',10);
I2 = imdilate(I,se);
subplot(122);imshow(I2);title('膨胀图像');

灰度腐蚀用函数 imerode()
比如:

I = imread('circles.png');

subplot(121);imshow(I); title('原图像');
se = strel('disk',11);
I2 = imerode(I,se);
subplot(122);imshow(I2);title('腐蚀图像'); 参考技术B Matlab的imopen和imclose就是开闭运算的函数了。

疲劳检测基于形态学实现疲劳检测matlab源码

形态学通常表示生物学的一个分支，研究动植物的形态和结构。图像中的形态学是数学形态学。简单来讲就是基于形状的一系列图像处理操作。

基本运算包括：二值腐蚀和膨胀、二值开闭运算、骨架抽取、极限腐蚀、击中击不中变换、形态学梯度、Top-hat变换、颗粒分析、流域变换、灰值腐蚀和膨胀、灰值开闭运算、灰值形态学梯度。

膨胀与腐蚀

功能：

• 消除噪声；
• 分割出独立的图像元素，在图像中链接相邻的元素；
• 寻找图像中明显的极大值和极小值区域；
• 求图像的梯度；

膨胀

求局部最大值的操作。将与物体接触的所有背景点合并到该物体中，使边界向外部扩张的过程。可以用来填补物体中的空洞。

核可以是任何形状，有一个单独定义的参考点，锚点。

膨胀就是计算核覆盖的区域的像素点的极大值，把这个极大值赋值给参考点指定的像素，使图像的高亮区域逐渐增长。

函数：void dilate

腐蚀

消除边界点，使边界向内部收缩的过程。可以用来消除小且无意义的物体。

与膨胀相反，求局部最小值的操作。

函数：void erode

开运算、闭运算、形态学梯度、顶帽、黑帽

形态学的高级形态，都是建立在腐蚀和膨胀这两个基本操作之上的。

开运算

先腐蚀后膨胀，具有消除亮度较高的细小区域，在纤细点分离物体，对于较大物体，可以在不明显改变其面积的情况下平滑其边界等作用。

闭运算

先膨胀后腐蚀，它具有填充白色物体内细小黑色区域、连接临近物体的作用，也可以在不明显改变其面积的情况下平滑边界。

形态学梯度

膨胀图和腐蚀图之差，对二值图像操作能将团块的边缘突出出来。

顶帽

原图像与开运算的结果图之差，由于开运算放大了裂缝或者局部低亮度的区域，因此原图中减去开运算后的图，得到的效果图突出了比原图轮廓周围的区域更明亮的区域。

用来分离比邻近点亮一些的斑块。

黑帽

闭运算的结果图与源图像之差。

黑帽运算后的效果图突出了比原图轮廓周围的区域更暗的区域。所以黑帽用来分离比邻近点暗一点的斑块

function varargout = GUI(varargin)
% GUI MATLAB code for GUI.fig
%      GUI, by itself, creates a new GUI or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = GUI returns the handle to a new GUI or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      GUI('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in GUI.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      GUI('Property','Value',...) creates a new GUI or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before GUI_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to GUI_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".  
%

gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ... 
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @GUI_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @GUI_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT


% --- Executes just before GUI is made visible.
function GUI_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to GUI (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for GUI
handles.output = hObject;


handles.output = hObject;
ha=axes('units','normalized','pos',[0 0 1 1]);
 uistack(ha,'down');
 ii=imread('背景图.jpg'); 
 image(ii);
 colormap gray
 set(ha,'handlevisibility','off','visible','off');
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes GUI wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);


% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = GUI_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) 
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;


% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)


% 显示figure标记
flag = 1;
% 获取图片库文件列表
files = ls('video_images/*.jpg');
%N = size(files, 1);
N=15;

kk=0
for i = 1 : N
    file = fullfile(pwd, 'video_images', files(i, :));
    Img = imread(file);
    % 图像预处理
    [Im1, rectValide] = GetValideImage(Img, 0);%自定义的函数
    figure(99)
    imshow(Im1)
    imwrite(Im1,'ceshi.jpg')
    [m n]=size(Im1)
  
    % 人脸区域定位
    [Im2, bw, rectFace] = GetFaceAreaImg(Im1, 0);
    % 人眼区域定位
    [Im3, rectEye] = GetEyeAreaImg(Im2, 0);
    % 人眼精确定位
    [Im4, bwf, rect, nv] = GetEyeAccurateImg(Im3, 0);
    % 统计特征信息
    Nv(i).file = file;%%帧图像名称路径
    
    Nv(i).nv = nv;%921
   
    Nv(i).rectEye = rectEye;%8  31   163  40
    
    Nv(i).rectEyes = rect;%1x4    1x4
    
    Nv(i).rectFace = rectFace;%90.5000   153.0000  198   192
    
    Nv(i).rectValide = rectValide;%301  1   359   600
    
 
    imshow(Img, []);%%%%原图
    hold on;
    % 人脸区域
    r_face = [Nv(i).rectFace(1)+Nv(i).rectValide(1) Nv(i).rectFace(2)+Nv(i).rectValide(2) Nv(i).rectFace(3:4)];
    % 人眼区域
    r_eye = [Nv(i).rectEye(1)+r_face(1) Nv(i).rectEye(2)+r_face(2) Nv(i).rectEye(3:4)];
    % 人眼精确区域
    r_eyes1 = [Nv(i).rectEyes{1}(1)+r_eye(1) Nv(i).rectEyes{1}(2)+r_eye(2) Nv(i).rectEyes{1}(3:4)];
    r_eyes2 = [Nv(i).rectEyes{2}(1)+r_eye(1) Nv(i).rectEyes{2}(2)+r_eye(2) Nv(i).rectEyes{2}(3:4)];
    rectangle('Position', r_face, 'EdgeColor', 'y', 'LineWidth', 2);
    rectangle('Position', r_eyes1, 'EdgeColor', 'r', 'LineWidth', 1);
    rectangle('Position', r_eyes2, 'EdgeColor', 'r', 'LineWidth', 1);
    title(Nv(i).status);
   
    hold off;
    pause(6);%间隔时间
end
f1=(N-kk)/N
if f1>0.12
    fprintf('疲劳')
    set(handles.edit3,'string','检测结果为：疲劳')
     [filex,fs]=audioread('警报.wav');
     sound(filex,fs);
else
    fprintf('非疲劳')
    set(handles.edit3,'string','检测结果为：非疲劳')
end

% hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)


% --- Executes on selection change in listbox1.
function listbox1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to listbox1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,'String')) returns listbox1 contents as cell array
%        contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from listbox1


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function listbox1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to listbox1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: listbox controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end



function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text
%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end


% --- Executes on selection change in listbox2.
function listbox2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to listbox2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,'String')) returns listbox2 contents as cell array
%        contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from listbox2


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function listbox2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to listbox2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: listbox controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end



function edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit2 as text
%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit2 as a double


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end


% --- Executes on selection change in listbox3.
function listbox3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to listbox3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,'String')) returns listbox3 contents as cell array
%        contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from listbox3


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function listbox3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to listbox3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: listbox controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end


% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)



function edit3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit3 as text
%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit3 as a double


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end


% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton3.
function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
%% 将视频逐帧保存为jpg图片

obj = VideoReader(uigetfile('*.avi','选择视频'));%输入视频位置
setappdata(0,'obj',obj);%设置全局变量
Show_Frames=read(obj,1);%显示第一帧作为封面
axes(handles.axes1);
imshow(Show_Frames);
set(handles.listbox1,'String','分帧开始...');

prompt={'输入图片名是几位数:'};
	defans={'2'};%默认两位数
	p=inputdlg(prompt,'输入位数',1,defans);
	numzeros=str2num(p{1});
   nz = strcat('%0',num2str(numzeros),'d');

numFrames = obj.NumberOfFrames;% 帧的总数
for k = 1 :5% 读取前15帧  numFrames
frame = read(obj,k);%读取第几帧
id=sprintf(nz,k);
imwrite(frame,strcat('video_images/',id,'.jpg'),'jpg');% 保存帧
end
set(handles.listbox1,'String','分帧结束');


% hObject    handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

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