从零开始学Python-day7
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python-Day7
学习要有定位,明确目标地去学习。希望自己能坚持下去,并有所收获---leaves(ps月初有事耽误计划了,进度落后计划蛮多了,算了。不多想,复习，学会才是硬道理,坚持fighting！)
python06 -- python的pickle模块以及mysql数据库初始用
一、python的pickle模块
1.1 pickle模块的作用
pickle是为了序列化/反序列化数据的,可以把数据持久化存储。eg:你有些数据想下次运行程序的时候直接使用,或者想把数据传给网络上的其他程序,就可以使用pickle打包,那边的python程序用pickle反序列化就可以了。
1.2 pickle模块的所有函数
In [32]: import pickle In [33]: dir(pickle) Out[33]: ‘classmap‘, ‘compatible_formats‘, ‘decode_long‘, ‘dispatch_table‘, ‘dump‘, ‘dumps‘, ‘encode_long‘, ‘format_version‘, ‘load‘, ‘loads‘, ‘marshal‘, ‘mloads‘, ‘re‘, ‘struct‘, ‘sys‘, ‘whichmodule‘]
1.3 pickle的常用方法
1.pickle.dump("数据",文件名) 把字典转为二进制
2.pickle.load("文件名") 把二进制转为字典
##pickle代码小练习
In [32]: import pickle
In [37]: users = {‘AA‘: ‘we231‘, ‘Xman‘: ‘123‘, ‘tt‘: ‘123‘, ‘woniu‘: ‘21‘}
In [39]: fo = open("test.txt",‘wb‘)
In [42]: fo = open("test.txt",‘wb‘)
In [43]: pickle.dump(users,fo) #数据---> 文件
In [44]: fo.close()
##查看test.txt文件内容
[[email protected] ketang]# cat test.txt
(dp0
S‘AA‘
p1
S‘we231‘
p2
sS‘Xman‘
p3
S‘123‘
p4
sS‘tt‘
p5
g4
sS‘woniu‘
p6
S‘21‘
p7
s.[[email protected] ketang]#
In [9]: fi = open(‘test.txt‘,‘rb+‘)
In [10]: print pickle.load(fi)
{‘AA‘: ‘we231‘, ‘Xman‘: ‘123‘, ‘tt‘: ‘123‘, ‘woniu‘: ‘21‘}1.4 通过pickle实现用户的增删改查
#/usr/local/python
#coding:utf-8
‘‘‘
##使用pickle实现对users.txt文件中用户密码的增、删、改、查功能(具体见github06/pickle代码)
‘‘‘
from pickle import dump ,load
#定义全局变量filename,用于测试
filename = ‘users.txt‘
##注意事先要将users写入到users.txt文件中(此处在1.3中ipython的环境中操作过了)
users = {‘AA‘: ‘AA123‘, ‘Xman‘: ‘123‘, ‘tt‘: ‘123‘, ‘woniu‘: ‘21‘, ‘KK‘: ‘k123‘}
#获取所有用户名密码,从filename文件中读取
def getUsers():
with open(filename,‘rb‘) as readf:
res = load(readf)
return res
#添加用户
def addUser(name,password):
tmp = getUsers()
if (not name) or (not password):
errmsg = "Wrong name or password"
return errmsg
if (name in tmp):
errmsg = "name is exists"
return errmsg
tmp[name] = password
msg = "%s:%s ---->adding" %(name,password)
with open(filename,‘wb‘) as updatef:
dump(tmp,updatef)
return msg
##更改用户
def updateUser(name,password):
tmp = getUsers()
if name not in tmp:
errmsg = ‘The update username is not exist‘
return errmsg
msg = "Update %s:%s ---->%s" %(tmp[name],password,name)
tmp[name] = password
with open(filename,‘wb‘) as updatef:
dump(tmp,updatef)
return msg
#删除用户
def deleteUser(name):
tmp = getUsers()
if name not in tmp:
errmsg = ‘The delete username is not exist‘
return errmsg
msg = "Delete %s ---->%s" %(‘users.txt‘,name)
tmp.pop(name)
with open(filename,‘wb‘) as updatef:
dump(tmp,updatef)
return msg
##查找用户名对应的密码
def findUser(name):
tmp = getUsers()
if name not in tmp :
errmsg = "The username is not exists"
return errmsg
return tmp[name]
##主程序入口
if __name__ == "__main__":
print getUsers()
print findUser(‘‘)
print findUser(‘AA‘)
print "add user %s" % (‘*‘ * 40)
print addUser(‘pc‘,‘pc123‘)
print addUser(‘TT‘,‘‘)
print addUser(‘‘,‘pc123‘)
print addUser(‘AA‘,‘pc123‘)
print "update user %s" % (‘*‘ * 40)
print updateUser(‘AA1‘,‘123‘)
print updateUser(‘AA‘,‘AA123‘)
print "delete user %s" % (‘*‘ * 40)
print deleteUser(‘AA1‘)
print deleteUser(‘pc‘)二、MySQL存储数据
2.1 安装mysql以及mysql扩展
yum install -y mysql mysql-server ##安装完成后设置开机启动以及数据库密码 [[email protected] mysqlData]# chkconfig --level 1234 mysqld on #设置开机启动 [[email protected] mysqlData]# chkconfig --list mysqld mysqld 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off [[email protected] mysqlData]# # /etc/init.d/mysqld start 启动数据库 # [[email protected] mysqlData]# [[email protected] mysqlData]# netstat -ntpl ##查看数据库运行状态 Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2208 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3014/hpiod tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:199 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3032/snmpd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3416/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2667/portmap tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3102/httpd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3052/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3068/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3472/sendmail: acce tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:766 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2704/rpc.statd [[email protected] mysqlData]# ##设置数据库密码 ##mysqladmin -u 用户名 -p"密码" password 新密码 ===>回车后输入旧密码 刚安装数据库的话第一次设置密码命令 ## mysqladmin -uroot password "123456" ##mysql扩展安装 1.yum install python-pip 2. pip install MySQL-python ##安装完成后的检查(在ipython中import MySQLdb as mysql 无报错信息则成功) In [1]: import MySQLdb as mysql In [2]:
2.2 数据库的简单操作
##创建库 mysql> create database reboot; #创建库 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show databases; #列出所有库 +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | reboot | | reboot10 | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use reboot; #切换库,使用reboot库 Database changed #创建表 mysql> create table users( -> id int AUTO_INCREMENT primary key -> ,name varchar(20) not null comment ‘用户名‘ -> ,name_cn varchar(50) not null comment ‘中文名‘ -> ,password varchar(50) not null comment ‘用户密码‘ -> ,email varchar(50) comment ‘电子邮件‘ -> ,mobile varchar(11) not null comment ‘手机号码‘ -> ,role varchar(10) not null comment ‘1:sa;2:php;3:ios;4:test‘ -> ,status tinyint -> ,create_time datetime comment ‘创建时间‘ -> ,last_time datetime comment ‘最后登录时间‘ -> ,unique key name (name) ) engine=innodb comment ‘用户表‘; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) mysql> desc users; #查看表信息,表中字段定义及类型 +-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar(20) | NO | UNI | NULL | | | name_cn | varchar(50) | NO | | NULL | | | password | varchar(50) | NO | | NULL | | | email | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | mobile | varchar(11) | NO | | NULL | | | role | varchar(10) | NO | | NULL | | | status | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | | | create_time | datetime | YES | | NULL | | | last_time | datetime | YES | | NULL | | +-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show tables; #查看库中有哪些表 +------------------+ | Tables_in_reboot | +------------------+ | users | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> ##mysql数据库中插入数据 mysql> insert into users (name,name_cn,password,email,mobile,role,status,create_time) values (‘ss‘,‘ss‘,‘ss123 ‘,‘[email protected]‘,‘ssss‘,‘user‘,‘0‘,‘2016-11-30 15:37:48‘); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> mysql> select * from users; #查找表中所有数据 +----+------+---------+----------+-------------------+--------+------+--------+---------------------+-----------+ | id | name | name_cn | password | email | mobile | role | status | create_time | last_time | +----+------+---------+----------+-------------------+--------+------+--------+---------------------+-----------+ | 1 | ss | ss | ss123 | [email protected] | ssss | user | 0 | 2016-11-30 15:37:48 | NULL | +----+------+---------+----------+-------------------+--------+------+--------+---------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.3 python交互环境下对mysql的操作
##导入数据库 In [8]: import MySQLdb as mysql ##连接数据库 In [9]: data = mysql.connect(user=‘root‘,passwd=‘123456‘,db=‘reboot‘,charset=‘utf8‘) ##建立游标,添加这行后数据库就初始化完成 In [10]: cur = data.cursor() In [11]: data.autocommit(True) ##设置自动提交，比较重要 ##在ipython端添加数据 #在ipython段查询所有数据 In [13]: cur.execute(‘select * from users‘) Out[13]: 1L In [14]: import datetime #导入datetime In [15]: ##datetime模块可以实现在数据库中create_time生成时间 In [16]: sql = "insert into users(name,name_cn,password,email,mobile,role,status,create_time) values (‘cc‘ ...: ,‘cc‘,‘cC23 ‘,‘[email protected]‘,‘CCC‘,‘user‘,‘0‘,‘%s‘) " %(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y ...: -%m-%d %H:%M:%S")) In [17]: print sql insert into users(name,name_cn,password,email,mobile,role,status,create_time) values (‘cc‘,‘cc‘,‘cC23 ‘,‘[email protected]‘,‘CCC‘,‘user‘,‘0‘,‘2016-11-30 16:04:33‘) In [18]: cur.execute(sql) Out[18]: 1L #再次查询所有数据发现新增加了一条数据 In [19]: cur.execute("select * from users;") Out[19]: 2L ##在mysql段查询所有数据确认新增数据 mysql> select * from users; +----+------+---------+----------+-------------------+--------+------+--------+---------------------+-----------+ | id | name | name_cn | password | email | mobile | role | status | create_time | last_time | +----+------+---------+----------+-------------------+--------+------+--------+---------------------+-----------+ | 1 | ss | ss | ss123 | [email protected] | ssss | user | 0 | 2016-11-30 15:37:48 | NULL | | 2 | cc | cc | cC23 | [email protected] | CCC | user | 0 | 2016-11-30 16:04:33 | NULL | +----+------+---------+----------+-------------------+--------+------+--------+---------------------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> ##ipython交互下查找数据 ###查询所有数据 In [20]: select_sql = "select name,name_cn,password,email,mobile,role,status,create_time from users" In [21]: cur.execute(select_sql) Out[21]: 2L In [22]: res = cur.fetchall() ##查找所有数据使用cur.fetchall(),单条数据则使用cur.fetchone() In [23]: print res ((u‘ss‘, u‘ss‘, u‘ss123 ‘, u‘[email protected]‘, u‘ssss‘, u‘user‘, 0, datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 30, 15, 37, 48)), (u‘cc‘, u‘cc‘, u‘cC23 ‘, u‘[email protected]‘, u‘CCC‘, u‘user‘, 0, datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 30, 16, 4, 33))) ###查询单条数据 In [24]: select_sql = "select name,name_cn,password,email,mobile,role,status,create_time from users where ...: name = ‘ss‘" In [25]: cur.execute(select_sql) Out[25]: 1L In [26]: res = cur.fetchone() In [27]: print res (u‘ss‘, u‘ss‘, u‘ss123 ‘, u‘[email protected]‘, u‘ssss‘, u‘user‘, 0, datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 30, 15, 37, 48)) In [28]: ###ipython交互模式下查询所有数据以及将数据重组成我们想要的形式 In [36]: select_sql = "select name,name_cn,password,email,mobile,role,status,create_time from users " In [37]: cur.execute(select_sql) Out[37]: 4L In [38]: res = cur.fetchall() In [39]: print res ((u‘ss‘, u‘ss‘, u‘ss123 ‘, u‘[email protected]‘, u‘ssss‘, u‘user‘, 0, datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 30, 15, 37, 48)), (u‘cc‘, u‘cc‘, u‘cC23 ‘, u‘[email protected]‘, u‘CCC‘, u‘user‘, 0, datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 30, 16, 4, 33)), (u‘admin‘, u‘admin‘, u‘admin ‘, u‘[email protected]‘, u‘admin‘, u‘admin‘, 0, datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 30, 16, 25, 17)), (u‘TT‘, u‘TT‘, u‘tt123 ‘, u‘[email protected]‘, u‘123223‘, u‘sa‘, 0, datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 30, 16, 26, 17))) ##思考：如何将上述res更改成为我们想要的字典形式 In [40]: fields = [‘name‘,‘name_cn‘,‘password‘,‘email‘,‘mobile‘,‘role‘,‘status‘,‘create_time‘] In [45]: users = [dict((v,row[k]) for k ,v in enumerate(fields)) for row in res ]
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