python文本处理，format方法--转子网上 crifan
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原文出处：https://www.crifan.com/python_string_format_fill_with_chars_and_set_alignment/
【问题】
想要获得这样的效果：
|
——-abc |
【解决过程】
1.折腾半天，终于从Python的手册中，找到对应的用法了。
完整代码如下：
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#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Function:【已解决】Python中，带填充和设置对齐方式的，格式化字符串输出Author: Crifan LiVersion: 2012-12-26Contact: admin at crifan dot com"""def printFillWith(): inputStrList = [ "abc", "abcd", "abcde", ]; #refer: #Python 2.7.3 Manual -> #7.1.3.1. Format Specification Mini-Language #7.1.3.2. Format examples for eachStr in inputStrList: #print ‘{:->10}‘.format(eachStr); print ‘{0:->10}‘.format(eachStr); # -------abc # ------abcd # -----abcde for eachStr in inputStrList: print ‘{0:-<20}‘.format(eachStr); # abc----------------- # abcd---------------- # abcde--------------- for eachStr in inputStrList: print ‘{0:*^30}‘.format(eachStr); # *************abc************** # *************abcd************* # ************abcde*************if __name__ == "__main__": printFillWith(); |
【总结】
总的来说就是类似于：
| ‘{0:-<20}’.format(eachStr); |
的写法，即可。
更多参数的含义，摘录手册中的部分解释，如下：
format_spec ::= [[fill]align][sign][#][0][width][,][.precision][type]
fill ::= <a character other than ‘}’>align ::= "<" | ">" | "=" | "^"
sign ::= "+" | "-" | " "
width ::= integer
precision ::= integer
type ::= "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "E" | "f" | "F" | "g" | "G" | "n" | "o" | "s" | "x" | "X" | "%"
align：
Option Meaning ‘<‘ Forces the field to be left-aligned within the available space (this is the default for most objects). ‘>‘ Forces the field to be right-aligned within the available space (this is the default for numbers). ‘=‘ Forces the padding to be placed after the sign (if any) but before the digits. This is used for printing fields in the form ‘+000000120’. This alignment option is only valid for numeric types. ‘^‘ Forces the field to be centered within the available space.
sign：
Option Meaning ‘+‘ indicates that a sign should be used for both positive as well as negative numbers. ‘-‘ indicates that a sign should be used only for negative numbers (this is the default behavior). space indicates that a leading space should be used on positive numbers, and a minus sign on negative numbers.
对于字符string：
Type Meaning ‘s‘ String format. This is the default type for strings and may be omitted. None The same as ‘s‘. 对于数字integer ：
Type Meaning ‘b‘ Binary format. Outputs the number in base 2. ‘c‘ Character. Converts the integer to the corresponding unicode character before printing. ‘d‘ Decimal Integer. Outputs the number in base 10. ‘o‘ Octal format. Outputs the number in base 8. ‘x‘ Hex format. Outputs the number in base 16, using lower- case letters for the digits above 9. ‘X‘ Hex format. Outputs the number in base 16, using upper- case letters for the digits above 9. ‘n‘ Number. This is the same as ‘d‘, except that it uses the current locale setting to insert the appropriate number separator characters. None The same as ‘d‘.
浮点和整数（floating point and decimal ）：
Type Meaning ‘e‘ Exponent notation. Prints the number in scientific notation using the letter ‘e’ to indicate the exponent. ‘E‘ Exponent notation. Same as ‘e‘ except it uses an upper case ‘E’ as the separator character. ‘f‘ Fixed point. Displays the number as a fixed-point number. ‘F‘ Fixed point. Same as ‘f‘. ‘g‘ General format. For a given precision p >= 1, this rounds the number to p significant digits and then formats the result in either fixed-point format or in scientific notation, depending on its magnitude.
The precise rules are as follows: suppose that the result formatted with presentation type ‘e‘ and precision p-1 would have exponentexp. Then if -4 <= exp < p, the number is formatted with presentation type ‘f‘ and precision p-1-exp. Otherwise, the number is formatted with presentation type ‘e‘ and precision p-1. In both cases insignificant trailing zeros are removed from the significand, and the decimal point is also removed if there are no remaining digits following it.
Positive and negative infinity, positive and negative zero, and nans, are formatted as inf, -inf, 0, -0 and nan respectively, regardless of the precision.
A precision of 0 is treated as equivalent to a precision of 1.
‘G‘ General format. Same as ‘g‘ except switches to ‘E‘ if the number gets too large. The representations of infinity and NaN are uppercased, too. ‘n‘ Number. This is the same as ‘g‘, except that it uses the current locale setting to insert the appropriate number separator characters. ‘%‘ Percentage. Multiplies the number by 100 and displays in fixed (‘f‘) format, followed by a percent sign. None The same as ‘g‘.
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