题目:
假设你有一个无聊的任务,要在一篇长的网页或文章中,找出所有电话号码和邮件地址。如果手动翻页,可能需要查找很长时间。如果有一个程序,可以在剪贴板的文本中查找电话号码和 E-mail 地址,那你就只要按一下 Ctrl-A 选择所有文本,按下 Ctrl-C 将它复制到剪贴板,然后运行你的程序。它会用找到的电话号码和 E-mail地址,替换掉剪贴板中的文本。
测试文本
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思路
当你开始接手一个新项目时,很容易想要直接开始写代码。但更多的时候,最好是后退一步,考虑更大的图景。我建议先草拟高层次的计划,弄清楚程序需要做什么。暂时不要思考真正的代码,稍后再来考虑。
1.创建电话的正则表达式和创建email的正则表达式
2.匹配剪切板的文本
3.把处理好的文本复制到剪切板
现在开始写程序
#! python3
# phoneAndEmail.py - Finds phone numbers and email addresses on the clipboard.
import re, pyperclip
# 创建电话的正则表达式
phoneRegex = re.compile(r\'\'\'(
(\\d{3}|\\(d{3}\\))? # 区号可选,444或(444)
(\\s|-|\\.)? # 分隔符:字符或-或. 可选
(\\d{3}) # 三个数字
(\\s|-|\\.)? # 分隔符:字符或-或. 可选
(\\d{4}) # 四个数字
)\'\'\',re.VERBOSE)
# 创建email的正则表达式
emailRegex = re.compile(r\'\'\'(
[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+ # username
@
[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+ # domail name
(\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,4}) # dot-something
)\'\'\',re.VERBOSE)
# 匹配剪切板的文本
text = str(pyperclip.paste())
matches = []
for groups in phoneRegex.findall(text):
phoneNum = \'-\'.join([groups[1], groups[3], groups[6]])
matches.append(phoneNum)
for groups in emailRegex.findall(text):
matches.append(groups[0])
# 把处理好的文本复制到剪切板
if len(matches) > 0:
pyperclip.copy(\'\\n\'.join(matches))
print(\'Copied to clipboard:\')
print(\'\\n\'.join(matches))
else:
print(\'No phone numbers or email addresses found.\')
分析代码
re.VERBOSE是让正则表达式中可以忽略注释和空白符的一个参数。verbose表示冗杂的意思,就是可以让你添些注释,对正则更可读。
正则表达式详见:Python正则
另一个坑就是groups了,原来我没有理解groups与group的区别
group()是截取分组的意思,例子:
import re
a = "123abc456"
print re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)",a).group(0) #123abc456,返回整体
print re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)",a).group(1) #123
print re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)",a).group(2) #abc
print re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)",a).group(3) #456
groups() 返回一个包含所有小组字符串的元组,从 1 到 所含的小组号。
代码中phoneNum = \'-\'.join([groups[1], groups[3], groups[6]])中的groups是一个变量,别看错了。