Python模块--smtplibemail

Posted 2020-10-29 凡心已炽

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概述

smtplib模块和email模块均是内置模块，smtplib模块提供了smtp协议功能，email模块提供了编写MIME格式内容的功能。

SMTP

SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）即简单邮件传输协议，属于TCP/IP协议簇，帮助每台计算机在发送或中转信件时找到下一个目的地。

MIME

MIME（Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions）多用途互联网邮件扩展类型，决定了邮件的组成内容和结构。

python实例

第一段代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import email
import mimetypes
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.MIMEImage import MIMEImage
import smtplib

def sendEmail(authInfo, fromAdd, toAdd, subject, plainText, htmlText):

strFrom = fromAdd
strTo = \', \'.join(toAdd)

        server = authInfo.get(\'server\')
        user = authInfo.get(\'user\')
        passwd = authInfo.get(\'password\')

        if not (server and user and passwd) :
                print \'incomplete login info, exit now\'
                return

        # 设定root信息
        msgRoot = MIMEMultipart(\'related\')
        msgRoot[\'Subject\'] = subject
        msgRoot[\'From\'] = strFrom
        msgRoot[\'To\'] = strTo
        msgRoot.preamble = \'This is a multi-part message in MIME format.\'

        # Encapsulate the plain and HTML versions of the message body in an
        # \'alternative\' part, so message agents can decide which they want to display.
        msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart(\'alternative\')
        msgRoot.attach(msgAlternative)

        #设定纯文本信息
        msgText = MIMEText(plainText, \'plain\', \'utf-8\')
        msgAlternative.attach(msgText)

        #设定HTML信息
        msgText = MIMEText(htmlText, \'html\', \'utf-8\')
        msgAlternative.attach(msgText)

#设定内置图片信息
 fp = open(\'test.jpg\', \'rb\')
 msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
 fp.close()
 msgImage.add_header(\'Content-ID\', \'<image1>\')
 msgRoot.attach(msgImage)

       #发送邮件
        smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
       #设定调试级别，依情况而定
        smtp.set_debuglevel(1)
        smtp.connect(server)
        smtp.login(user, passwd)
        smtp.sendmail(strFrom, strTo, msgRoot.as_string())
        smtp.quit()
        return

if __name__ == \'__main__\' :
 authInfo = {}
 authInfo[\'server\'] = \'smtp.somehost.com\'
 authInfo[\'user\'] = \'username\'
 authInfo[\'password\'] = \'password\'
 fromAdd = \'username@somehost.com\'
 toAdd = [\'someone@somehost.com\', \'other@somehost.com\']
 subject = \'邮件主题\'
 plainText = \'这里是普通文本\'
 htmlText = \'HTML文本\'
 sendEmail(authInfo, fromAdd, toAdd, subject, plainText, htmlText)

文件形式的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header

sender = \'***\'
receiver = \'***\'
subject = \'python email test\'
smtpserver = \'smtp.163.com\'
username = \'***\'
password = \'***\'

msg = MIMEText(\'你好\',\'text\',\'utf-8\')#中文需参数‘utf-8\'，单字节字符不需要
msg[\'Subject\'] = Header(subject, \'utf-8\')

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(\'smtp.163.com\')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()

HTML形式的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

sender = \'***\'
receiver = \'***\'
subject = \'python email test\'
smtpserver = \'smtp.163.com\'
username = \'***\'
password = \'***\'

msg = MIMEText(\'<html><h1>你好</h1></html>\',\'html\',\'utf-8\')

msg[\'Subject\'] = subject

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(\'smtp.163.com\')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()

带图片的HTML邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage

sender = \'***\'
receiver = \'***\'
subject = \'python email test\'
smtpserver = \'smtp.163.com\'
username = \'***\'
password = \'***\'

msgRoot = MIMEMultipart(\'related\')
msgRoot[\'Subject\'] = \'test message\'

msgText = MIMEText(\'Some HTML text and an image. <img src="cid:image1"> good!\',\'html\',\'utf-8\')
msgRoot.attach(msgText)

fp = open(\'h:\\\\python\\\\1.jpg\', \'rb\')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()

msgImage.add_header(\'Content-ID\', \'<image1>\')
msgRoot.attach(msgImage)

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(\'smtp.163.com\')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())
smtp.quit()

带附件的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage

sender = \'***\'
receiver = \'***\'
subject = \'python email test\'
smtpserver = \'smtp.163.com\'
username = \'***\'
password = \'***\'

msgRoot = MIMEMultipart(\'related\')
msgRoot[\'Subject\'] = \'test message\'

#构造附件
att = MIMEText(open(\'h:\\\\python\\\\1.jpg\', \'rb\').read(), \'base64\', \'utf-8\')
att["Content-Type"] = \'application/octet-stream\'
att["Content-Disposition"] = \'attachment; filename="1.jpg"\'
msgRoot.attach(att)

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(\'smtp.163.com\')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())
smtp.quit()

群邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

sender = \'***\'
receiver = [\'***\',\'****\',……]
subject = \'python email test\'
smtpserver = \'smtp.163.com\'
username = \'***\'
password = \'***\'

msg = MIMEText(\'你好\',\'plain\',\'utf-8\')

msg[\'Subject\'] = subject

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(\'smtp.163.com\')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()

各种元素都包含的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage

sender = \'***\'
receiver = \'***\'
subject = \'python email test\'
smtpserver = \'smtp.163.com\'
username = \'***\'
password = \'***\'

# Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative.
msg = MIMEMultipart(\'alternative\')
msg[\'Subject\'] = "Link"

# Create the body of the message (a plain-text and an HTML version).
text = "Hi!\\nHow are you?\\nHere is the link you wanted:\\nhttp://www.python.org"
html = """\\
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
 Hi! 
 How are you? 
 Here is the <a href="http://www.python.org">link</a> you wanted.
 
</body>
</html>
"""

# Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html.
part1 = MIMEText(text, \'plain\')
part2 = MIMEText(html, \'html\')

# Attach parts into message container.
# According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case
# the HTML message, is best and preferred.
msg.attach(part1)
msg.attach(part2)
#构造附件
att = MIMEText(open(\'h:\\\\python\\\\1.jpg\', \'rb\').read(), \'base64\', \'utf-8\')
att["Content-Type"] = \'application/octet-stream\'
att["Content-Disposition"] = \'attachment; filename="1.jpg"\'
msg.attach(att)

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(\'smtp.163.com\')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()

基于SSL的邮件

msg = MIMEText(\'你好\',\'plain\',\'utf-8\')#中文需参数‘utf-8\'，单字节字符不需要
msg[\'Subject\'] = Header(subject, \'utf-8\')

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(\'smtp.163.com\')
smtp.ehlo()
smtp.starttls()
smtp.ehlo()
smtp.set_debuglevel(1)
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()

参考帖子

https://www.cnblogs.com/xcblogs-python/p/5727238.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/haq5201314/p/8728016.html

python发送邮件的实例代码(支持html、图片、附件)

或

python发送邮件的实例代码(支持html、图片、附件)

https://www.cnblogs.com/chenjianhong/p/4144304.html

http://www.jb51.net/web/25072.html

https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/MIME_Types#重要的MIME类型

https://blog.csdn.net/wangxh_haha/article/details/78037449

https://www.cnblogs.com/duanguyuan/p/5208590.html

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