Python Selenium

Posted 2023-04-16 chrjiajia

from selenium import webdriver # 导入
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By # 导入使用find_element用by的方法

wd = webdriver.Chrome() # 指定浏览器，创建WebDriver对象

wd.get("https://www.baidu.com") # 打开网页

element = wd.find_element(By.ID, "kw") # 根据ID选择元素，选择ID为kw"的元素，百度的kw元素为搜索输入框，如果没找到元素，会报错：NoSuchElementException
element.send_keys("123") # 输入值
element.click() # 点击element元素
wd.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, \'animal\') # 找到多个元素，注意"element(s)"

for element in elements:
  print(element.text)
 
wd.quit() # 关闭浏览器

弹出Alert

driver.find_element(By.ID, \'b1\').click()

# 判断是否有弹出框
try:
  alert = driver.switch_to.alert
  # 如果有弹出框，打印弹出框的内容
  print(alert.text)
  # 关闭弹出框
  driver.switch_to.alert.accept()
except:
  pass

切换iFrame

#切换至iFrame（页面只有一个iFrame）
wd.switch_to.frame(wd.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "iframe"))
# 切换回主页面
wd.switch_to.default_content()

在Selenium中使用JavaScript

trigger_download = wd.execute_script(
  \'\'\'
  $(\'#begin_date\').datebox(\'setValue\',\'2023-04-01\');
  $(\'#end_date\').datebox(\'setValue\',\'2023-04-31\');
  downloadAction()
  \'\'\')

python+selenium十：selenium的二次封装

 

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
# BY的用法
# driver.find_element("id", "kw")
# driver.find_element(By.ID, "kw")

class Bace():
    ‘‘‘基于原生的selenium做二次封装‘‘‘

    def __init__(self, driver:webdriver.Firefox):  # driver:webdriver.Firefox：映射driver 为webdriver.Firefox
        self.driver = driver
        self.timeout = 10
        self.t = 0.5

    def find(self, locator, value=‘‘):
        ‘‘‘  定位到元素，返回元素对象，没定位到，Timeout异常 loctor 传元祖，如（"id", "kw"）  ‘‘‘
        if not isinstance(locator, tuple):
            print(‘locator参数类型错误，必须传元祖类型：loc = ("id", "value1")‘)
        else:
            print(f"正在定位元素信息：定位方式->{locator[0]}, 元素值->{locator[1]}，value值->{value}")
            if value != ‘‘:  # value值定位
                ele = WebDriverWait(self.driver, self.timeout, self.t).until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value(locator, value))
                return ele
            else:  # 默认为此常规定位方法
                ele = WebDriverWait(self.driver, self.timeout, self.t).until(EC.presence_of_element_located(locator))
                if ele:
                    return ele
                else:
                    print(f"定位失败：定位方式->{locator[0]}, value值->{locator[1]}")
                    return False

    def finds(self, locator, value=‘‘):
        ‘‘‘ 定位到元素，返回元素对象，没定位到，Timeout异常  loctor 传元祖，如（"id", "kw"）  ‘‘‘
        if not isinstance(locator, tuple):
            print(‘locator参数类型错误，必须传元祖类型：loc = ("id", "value1")‘)
        else:
            print(f"正在定位元素信息：定位方式->{locator[0]}, 元素值->{locator[1]}，value值->{value}")
            if value != ‘‘:  # value值定位
                eles = WebDriverWait(self.driver, self.timeout, self.t).until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value(locator, value))
                return eles
            else:  # 默认为此常规定位方法
                eles = WebDriverWait(self.driver, self.timeout, self.t).until(EC.presence_of_element_located(locator))
                if eles:
                    return eles
                else:
                    print(f"定位失败：定位方式->{locator[0]}, value值->{locator[1]}")
                    return []

    def sendKeys(self, locator, text):
        try:
            self.find(locator).send_keys(text)
        except:
            print(f"输入 {text} 失败")

    def click(self, locator):
        try:
            self.find(locator).click()
        except:
            print("点击失败")

    def clear(self, locator):
        try:
            self.find(locator).clear()
        except:
            print("清空内容失败")

    def isSelected(self, locator, Type=‘‘):
        ‘‘‘ 判断元素是否被选中，返回bool值 及点（选中/取消选中）‘‘‘
        ele = self.find(locator)
        try:
            if Type == ‘‘:  # 如果type参数为空，返回元素是否为选中状态，True/False (默认)
                r = ele.is_selected()
                return r
            elif Type == ‘click‘:  # 如果type参数为click，执行元素的点击操作
                ele.click()
            else:
                print(f"type参数 {Type} 错误，仅可为click或‘‘")
        except:
            return False

    def isElementExist(self, locator):
        ‘‘‘ 判断单个元素是否在DOM里面 （是否存在）‘‘‘
        try:
            self.find(locator)
            return True
        except:
            return False

    def isElementExists(self, locator):
        ‘‘‘ 判断一组元素是否在DOM里面 （是否存在），若不存在，返回一个空的list‘‘‘
        eles = self.finds(locator)
        n = len(eles)
        if n == 0:
            return False
        elif n == 1:
            return True
        else:
            print(f"定位到元素的个数：{n}")
            return True

    def title(self, title, Type=‘contains‘):
        ‘‘‘  根据传入的type类型判断title  ‘‘‘
        try:
            if Type == ‘is‘:  # 判断当前网页title名为title   返回bool值
                result = WebDriverWait(self.driver, self.timeout, self.t).until(EC.title_is(title))
                return result
            elif Type == ‘contains‘:  # 判断当前网页title名含title   返回bool值 (默认)
                result = WebDriverWait(self.driver, self.timeout, self.t).until(EC.title_contains(title))
                return result
            else:
                print(f"type参数 {Type} 错误，仅可为is、contains")
        except:
            return False

    def in_element(self, locator, value, Type=‘text‘):
        ‘‘‘  根据传入的type判断内容是否在指定元素里面  ‘‘‘
        if not isinstance(locator, tuple):
            print(‘locator参数类型错误，必须传元祖类型：loc = ("id", "value1")‘)
        try:
            if Type == ‘text‘:  # 判断当前获取到的text含value   返回bool值 （默认）
                result = WebDriverWait(self.driver, self.timeout, self.t).until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element(locator, value))
                return result
            elif Type == ‘value‘:  # 判断当前获取到的value含value 返回bool值, value为空字符串，返回False
                result = self.find(locator, value)
                return result
            else:
                print(f"type参数 {Type} 错误，仅可使用text或value属性定位")
                return False
        except:
            return False

    def alert(self, timeout=3, Type=‘‘):
        ‘‘‘ 根据传入的type判断alert弹窗及操作 ‘‘‘
        result = WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, self.t).until(EC.alert_is_present())
        try:
            if Type == ‘‘:  # 判断alert是否存在，如果有，就返回alert对象 （默认）
                if result:
                    return result
                else:
                    print("alert不存在")
                return False
            elif Type == ‘yes‘:  # 执行alert的确定按钮
                result.accept()
            elif Type == ‘no‘:  # 执行alert的取消按钮
                result.dismiss()
            else:
                print(f"type参数 {Type} 错误，仅可为yes、no、或‘‘")
        except:
            return False

    def get(self, locator, Type=‘text‘, name=‘‘):
        ‘‘‘ 根据传入的type判断获取指定的内容 （title、text、attribute）
        type==attribute:  获取元素属性  name:属性  className、name、text、value···  ‘‘‘
        try:
            if Type == ‘title‘:  # 获取当前网页 title
                return self.driver.title
            elif Type == ‘text‘:  # 获取元素文本值（默认）
                return self.find(locator).text
            elif Type == ‘attribute‘:  # 获取当前元素属性
                return self.find(locator).get_attribute(name)
            else:
                print(f"给的type参数 {Type} 错误，仅可用title、text、attribute")
        except:
            print(f"获取 {Type} 值失败")
            return ‘‘

    def select(self, locator, value, Type=‘index‘):
        ‘‘‘  下拉选项框 根据传入的type值判断（index、value、text）  ‘‘‘
        element = self.find(locator)  # 定位select这一栏
        try:
            if Type == ‘index‘:  # 用下标选择 （默认）
                Select(element).select_by_index(value)
            elif Type == ‘value‘:  # 根据value值选择
                Select(element).select_by_value(value)
            elif Type == ‘text‘:  # 根据选项的文本内容选择
                Select(element).select_by_visible_text(value)
            else:
                print(f"给的type参数 {Type} 错误，仅可为：int、text、value")
        except:
            print(f"根据 {value} 操作下拉框失败")

    def iframe(self, id_index_locator):
        ‘‘‘ 常规切换 iframe‘‘‘
        try:
            if isinstance(id_index_locator, int):  # 如果传入的是数字，则以该数字为下标取值
                self.driver.switch_to.frame(id_index_locator)
            elif isinstance(id_index_locator, str):  # 如果传入的是字符串，则用iframe名字取值
                self.driver.switch_to.frame(id_index_locator)
            elif isinstance(id_index_locator, tuple):  # 如果是元祖，则根据传入的locator取值
                ele = self.find(id_index_locator)
                self.driver.switch_to.frame(ele)
        except:
             print("iframe切换异常")

    def handle(self, value):
        ‘‘‘ 句柄切换，index、句柄名 ‘‘‘
        try:
            if isinstance(value, int):  # 切换到该下标对应的窗口
                handles = driver.window_handles
                self.driver.switch_to.window(handles[value])
            elif isinstance(value, str):  # 切换到该句柄名称对应的窗口
                self.driver.switch_to.window(value)
            else:
                print(f"传入的type参数 {value} 错误，仅可传int、str")
        except:
            print(f"根据 {value} 获取句柄失败")

    def move_to_element(self, locator):
        ‘‘‘ 鼠标悬停操作 ‘‘‘
        try:
            ele = self.find(locator)
            ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(ele).perform()
        except:
            print("鼠标悬停操作失败")
            return False
    ‘‘‘==============================js与jQuery相关=====================================‘‘‘

    def js_focus_element(self, locator):
        ‘‘‘ 聚焦元素 ‘‘‘
        target = self.find(locator)
        self.driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", target)

    def js_scroll_top(self):
        ‘‘‘ 滚动到顶部 ‘‘‘
        js = "window.scrollTo(0,0)"
        self.driver.execute_script(js)

    def js_scroll_end(self, x=0):
        ‘‘‘ 滚动到底部 ‘‘‘
        js = f"window.scrollTo({x},document.body.scrollHeight)"
        self.driver.execute_script(js)

    def js_find(self, action):
        ‘‘‘  js查找元素，并做相应操作（默认id属性） 输入值：value=‘XXX‘  点击：click() ‘‘‘
        js = f"document.getElementById(“id”).{action}"
        self.driver.execute_script(js)

    def js_finds(self, Type, element, index, action):
        ‘‘‘   js查找元素，并做相应操作   输入值：value=‘XXX‘     点击：click()
        js定位仅可为：id、Name、TagName、ClassName、Selector（CSS） ‘‘‘
        list = [‘Name‘, ‘TagName‘, ‘ClassName‘, ‘Selector‘]
        if type in list:
            print(f"正在执行js操作：定位方式->{Type}, 元素值->{element}， 下标值->{index}， 执行操作->{action}")
            if type == ‘Selector‘:
                js = f‘document.query{Type}All("{element}"){index}.{action}‘
            else:
                js = f‘document.getElementsBy{Type}({element})[{index}].{action};‘
            self.driver.execute_script(js)
        else:
            print(f"type参数 {Type} 错误，js定位仅可为：‘Name‘、‘TagName‘、‘ClassName‘、‘Selector‘（CSS）")

    def js_readonly(self, idElement, value):
        ‘‘‘ 去掉只读属性，并输入内容 一般为id ‘‘‘
        js = f‘document.getElementById({idElement}).removeAttribute("readonly");document.getElementById({idElement}).value="{value}"‘
        driver.execute_script(js)

    def js_iframe(self, Type, element, action, index=‘‘):
        ‘‘‘  Js处理iframe   无需先切换到iframe上，再切回来操作
        输入值：value=‘‘         点击：click()           type=id时，index=‘‘  ‘‘‘
        js = f‘document.getElementBy{Type}({element}){index}.contentWindow.document.body.{action}‘
        driver.execute_script(js)
    ‘‘‘
        jquery = ‘$(CSS).val("XXX");‘   # 根据css语法定位到元素，输入内容
        jquery = ‘$(CSS).val(‘‘);‘      # 清空
        jquery = ‘$(CSS).click();‘      # 点击
        driver.execute_script(jquery)
    ‘‘‘

    # def switch_alert(self):
    #     ‘‘‘ 获取alert弹窗 ‘‘‘
    #     r = self.is_alert()
    #     if not r:
    #         print("alert不存在")
    #     else:
    #         return r

    # def is_title(self, title):
    #     ‘‘‘判断当前title名为title   返回bool值‘‘‘
    #     try:
    #         result = WebDriverWait(self.driver, self.timeout, self.t).until(EC.title_is(title))
    #         return result
    #     except:
    #         return False
    # def is_title_contains(self, title):
    #     ‘‘‘判断当前title名含title   返回bool值‘‘‘
    #     try:
    #         result = WebDriverWait(self.driver, self.timeout, self.t).until(EC.title_contains(title))
    #         return result
    #     except:
    #         return False

    # def is_text_in_element(self, locator, _text=‘‘):
    #     ‘‘‘判断当前获取到的text含_text=‘‘   返回bool值‘‘‘
    #     if not isinstance(locator, tuple):
    #         print(‘locator参数类型错误，必须传元祖类型：loc = ("id", "value1")‘)
    #     try:
    #         result = WebDriverWait(self.driver, self.timeout, self.t).until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element(locator, _text))
    #         return result
    #     except:
    #         return False
    # def is_value_in_element(self, locator, _value=‘‘):
    #     ‘‘‘返回bool值, value为空字符串，返回False‘‘‘
    #     if not isinstance(locator, tuple):
    #         print(‘locator参数类型错误，必须传元祖类型：loc = ("id", "value1")‘)
    #     try:
    #         result = WebDriverWait(self.driver, self.timeout, self.t).until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value(locator, _value))
    #         return result
    #     except:
    #         return False

    # def get_title(self):
    #     ‘‘‘获取title‘‘‘
    #     return self.driver.title
    # def get_text(self, locator):
    #     ‘‘‘获取文本‘‘‘
    #     try:
    #         t = self.find(locator).text
    #         return t
    #     except:
    #         print("获取text失败，返回‘‘ ")
    #         return ""
    # def get_attribute(self, locator, name):
    #     ‘‘‘获取属性‘‘‘
    #     try:
    #         element = self.find(locator)
    #         return element.get_attribute(name)
    #     except:
    #         print("获取%s属性失败，返回‘‘ "%name)
    #         return ""

    # def select_by_index(self, locator, index=0):
    #     ‘‘‘通过索引,index是索引第几个，从0开始，默认选第一个‘‘‘
    #         element = self.find(locator)  # 定位select这一栏
    #         Select(element).select_by_index(index)

    # def select_by_value(self, locator, value):
    #     ‘‘‘通过value属性‘‘‘
    #     element = self.find(locator)
    #     Select(element).select_by_value(value)

    # def select_by_text(self, locator, text):
    #     ‘‘‘通过文本值定位‘‘‘
    #     element = self.find(locator)
    #     Select(element).select_by_visible_text(text)

    # def switch_handle_window_name(self, window_name):
    #     ‘‘‘ 根据句柄名字切换句柄 ‘‘‘
    #     self.driver.switch_to.window(window_name)
    # def switch_handle_index(self, index):
    #     ‘‘‘  根据句柄下标切换句柄  ‘‘‘
    #     handles = driver.window_handles
    #     self.driver.switch_to.window(handles[index])

    # def js_find(self, action):
    #     ‘‘‘
    #     输入值：value=‘XXX‘     点击：click()
    #     ‘‘‘
    #     print("正在执行js操作，操作行为：%s"%action)
    #     js = "document.getElementById(“id”).%s"%action
    #     self.driver.execute_script(js)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()
    driver.get("")
    zentao = Base(driver)
    # loc1 = (By.ID, "account")
    # loc2 = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "[name=‘password‘]")
    # loc3 = (By.XPATH, "//*[@id=‘submit‘]")

    loc1 = ("id", "account")
    loc2 = ("css selector", "[name=‘password‘]")
    loc3 = ("xpath", "//*[@id=‘submit‘]")
    zentao.sendKeys(loc2, 123)

    zentao.move_to_element(loc3)