Python 21 Django 实用小案例
Posted Dandy Zhang
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实用案例
验证码与验证
KindEditor
组合搜索的实现
单例模式
beautifulsoup4
验证码与验证
需要安装Pillow模块
pip stall pillow
1、首先需要借助pillow模块用来画一个验证码图形，这里单独封装了一个py文件，调用一个方法就好了
1 #!/user/bin/env python 2 # -*-coding: utf-8-*- 3 import random 4 from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont,Image,ImageFilter 5 6 7 def random_check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file=\'wryh.ttf\', font_size=28): 8 code = [] 9 img = Image.new(mode=\'RGB\', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255)) 10 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode=\'RGB\') 11 12 def rndChar(): 13 """ 14 生成随机字母 15 :return: 16 """ 17 return chr(random.randint(65, 90)) 18 19 def rndColor(): 20 """ 21 生成随机颜色 22 :return: 23 """ 24 return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255)) 25 26 # 写文字 27 font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size) 28 for i in range(char_length): 29 char = rndChar() 30 code.append(char) 31 h = random.randint(0, 4) 32 draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor()) 33 34 # 写干扰点 35 for i in range(40): 36 draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor()) 37 38 # 写干扰圆圈 39 for i in range(40): 40 draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor()) 41 x = random.randint(0, width) 42 y = random.randint(0, height) 43 draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor()) 44 45 # 画干扰线 46 for i in range(5): 47 x1 = random.randint(0, width) 48 y1 = random.randint(0, height) 49 x2 = random.randint(0, width) 50 y2 = random.randint(0, height) 51 draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor()) 52 53 img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) #加滤镜，可以增加颜色的不同 54 return img, \'\'.join(code)
函数的参数都已在调用的时候修改。
2、登陆界面设计
假设验证码跟登录页面在同一函数一起生成，那么每次刷新验证码都需要整个页面一起重新加载；显然，这是不合理的。所以可以确定验证码跟登录界面是2个视图函数控制的。
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>Title</title> 6 </head> 7 <body style="margin: 0 auto;"> 8 <div id="main"> 9 <form method="post" action="/login/"> 10 {% csrf_token %} 11 <p><label>用户名：</label><input type="text" name="user" /></p> 12 <p><label>密码：</label><input type="password" name="pwd" /></p> 13 <p><label>验证码：</label><input type="text" name="checkcode" /><img src="/check_code.html" /></p> 14 <p><input type="submit" /></p> 15 </form> 16 </div> 17 </body> 18 </html>
1 def login(request): 2 if request.method == \'GET\': 3 return render(request, \'login.html\')
3、验证码
将验证码图片对象返回到模板
1 def check_code(request): 2 stream = BytesIO() # 申请一段内存 3 img, code = random_check_code() # 获取随机码跟随机码图片对象 4 img.save(stream, \'PNG\') # 将随机码对象保存到内存对象中 5 request.session[\'CheckCode\'] = code # 将随机字符串保存到session 6 return HttpResponse(stream.getvalue()) # 返回内存中的随机码图片对象
4、如何刷新验证码呢
直接将原路由系统通过点击事件赋值给src，浏览器默认是不会进行刷新的；所以这里有一个小技巧，我们可以获取src的值，在末尾加上一个？，这样就可以实现点击刷新了。
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>Title</title> 6 </head> 7 <body style="margin: 0 auto;"> 8 <div id="main"> 9 <form method="post" action="/login/"> 10 {% csrf_token %} 11 <p><label>用户名：</label><input type="text" name="user" /></p> 12 <p><label>密码：</label><input type="password" name="pwd" /></p> 13 <p><label>验证码：</label><input type="text" name="checkcode" /><img src="/check_code.html" onclick="ImgChange(this);"/></p> 14 <p><input type="submit" /></p> 15 </form> 16 </div> 17 </body> 18 <script> 19 function ImgChange(ths) { 20 ths.src = ths.src + \'?\' 21 } 22 </script> 23 </html>
开启验证码验证功能
1 def login(request): 2 if request.method == \'GET\': 3 return render(request, \'login.html\') 4 elif request.method == \'POST\': 5 checkcode = request.POST.get(\'checkcode\') 6 code_session = request.session[\'CheckCode\'] 7 print(checkcode) 8 print(code_session) 9 if checkcode.upper() == request.session[\'CheckCode\'].upper(): 10 return HttpResponse(\'验证成功\') 11 else: 12 return render(request, \'login.html\')
KindEditor
1、官网下载
http://kindeditor.net/demo.php
2、文件夹解压文件说明
├── asp asp示例 ├── asp.net asp.net示例 ├── attached 空文件夹，放置关联文件attached ├── examples HTML示例 ├── jsp java示例 ├── kindeditor-all-min.js 全部JS（压缩） ├── kindeditor-all.js 全部JS（未压缩） ├── kindeditor-min.js 仅KindEditor JS（压缩） ├── kindeditor.js 仅KindEditor JS（未压缩） ├── lang 支持语言 ├── license.txt License ├── php PHP示例 ├── plugins KindEditor内部使用的插件 └── themes KindEditor主题
3、基本使用
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>Title</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 500px;height: 300px;"> 9 <textarea id="content"></textarea> 10 </div> 11 12 <script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script> 13 <script src="/static/kindeditor/kindeditor-all-min.js"></script> 14 <script> 15 $(function() { 16 KindEditor.create("#content", { 17 width: \'400px\', 18 height: \'200px\' 19 20 }) 21 }) 22 </script> 23 </body> 24 </html>
4、详细参数
http://kindeditor.net/docs/option.html
5、上传文件示例
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>Title</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <form action="/upload_kind/" method="post"> 9 10 <div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 500px;height: 300px;"> 11 <textarea id="content"></textarea> 12 </div> 13 </form> 14 <script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script> 15 <script src="/static/kindeditor/kindeditor-all-min.js"></script> 16 <script> 17 $(function() { 18 KindEditor.create("#content", { 19 width: \'400px\', 20 height: \'200px\', 21 extraFileUploadParams:{\'csrfmiddlewaretoken\':"{{ csrf_token }}"}, 22 uploadJson:\'/upload_img/\', 23 fileManagerJson: \'/upload_file_manage/\', 24 allowImageUpload: true, 25 allowFileManager:true 26 }) 27 }) 28 </script> 29 </body> 30 </html>
1 def upload_img(request): 2 f = request.FILES.get(\'imgFile\') 3 import os 4 path = os.path.join("static/images", f.name) 5 with open(path, \'wb\') as file_obj: 6 for chunck in f.chunks(): 7 file_obj.write(chunck) 8 import json 9 dic = { 10 \'error\': 0, 11 \'url\': \'/\' + path, 12 \'message\': \'错误了...\' 13 } 14 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(dic)) 15 16 def upload_file_manage(request): 17 import os,time,json 18 dic = {} 19 root_path = \'C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/DownTimeAnalysis/static/\' 20 static_root_path = \'/static/\' 21 request_path = request.GET.get(\'path\') 22 if request_path: 23 abs_current_dir_path = os.path.join(root_path, request_path) 24 move_up_dir_path = os.path.dirname(request_path.rstrip(\'/\')) 25 dic[\'moveup_dir_path\'] = move_up_dir_path + \'/\' if move_up_dir_path else move_up_dir_path 26 27 else: 28 abs_current_dir_path = root_path 29 dic[\'moveup_dir_path\'] = \'\' 30 31 dic[\'current_dir_path\'] = request_path 32 dic[\'current_url\'] = os.path.join(static_root_path, request_path) 33 34 file_list = [] 35 for item in os.listdir(abs_current_dir_path): 36 abs_item_path = os.path.join(abs_current_dir_path, item) 37 a, exts = os.path.splitext(item) 38 is_dir = os.path.isdir(abs_item_path) 39 if is_dir: 40 temp = { 41 \'is_dir\': True, 42 \'has_file\': True, 43 \'filesize\': 0, 44 \'dir_path\': \'\', 45 \'is_photo\': False, 46 \'filetype\': \'\', 47 \'filename\': item, 48 \'datetime\': time.strftime(\'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\', time.gmtime(os.path.getctime(abs_item_path))) 49 } 50 else: 51 temp = { 52 \'is_dir\': False, 53 \'has_file\': False, 54 \'filesize\': os.stat(abs_item_path).st_size, 55 \'dir_path\': \'\', 56 \'is_photo\': True if exts.lower() in [\'.jpg\', \'.png\', \'.jpeg\'] else False, 57 \'filetype\': exts.lower().strip(\'.\'), 58 \'filename\': item, 59 \'datetime\': time.strftime(\'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\', time.gmtime(os.path.getctime(abs_item_path))) 60 } 61 62 file_list.append(temp) 63 dic[\'file_list\'] = file_list 64 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(dic))
路由系统
url(r\'^kind/$\', views.kind),
url(r\'^upload_img/\', views.upload_img), # 前面有一个kind，视图函数可以获取参数dir来区分是文件还是其他。
url(r\'^upload_file_manage/\', views.upload_file_manage),
6、XSS过滤特殊标签
处理依赖
pip3 install beautifulsoup4
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 4 5 6 class XSSFilter(object): 7 __instance = None 8 9 def __init__(self): 10 # XSS白名单 11 self.valid_tags = { 12 "font": [\'color\', \'size\', \'face\', \'style\'], 13 \'b\': [], 14 \'div\': [], 15 "span": [], 16 "table": [ 17 \'border\', \'cellspacing\', \'cellpadding\' 18 ], 19 \'th\': [ 20 \'colspan\', \'rowspan\' 21 ], 22 \'td\': [ 23 \'colspan\', \'rowspan\' 24 ], 25以上是关于Python 21 Django 实用小案例的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
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