本文结束使用 Requests 发送网络请求。requests是一个很实用的Python HTTP客户端库,编写爬虫和测试服务器响应数据时经常会用到。可以说,Requests 完全满足如今网络的需求。
安装方式一般采用$ pip install requests。
一开始要导入 Requests 模块:
import requests
发送get请求
url = ‘http://api.xxx.com/api/user/stu_info?stu_name=小黑马‘
req = requests.get(url) #发送get请求
print(req.text) #获取结果
print(req.json()) #获取结果直接就是字典,必须返回的是json串,才能用.json方法。
发送post请求
url = ‘http://api.xxx.com/api/user/login‘
data = {‘username‘:‘xiaohei‘,‘passwd‘:‘aA123456‘}
req = requests.post(url,data) #发送post请求,第一个参数是url,第二个参数是请求的数据
print(req.json())
入参是json的
url = ‘http://api.xxx.com/api/user/add_stu‘
data = {‘name‘:‘丁飞‘,‘grade‘:‘巨蟹座‘,‘phone‘:31971891223}
req = requests.post(url,json=data) #发送post请求,第一个参数是url,第二个参数是请求的数据
print(req.json())
添加cookie
url = ‘http://api.xxx.com/api/user/gold_add‘
data = {‘stu_id‘:231,‘gold‘:1000}
cookie = {‘xiaohei‘:‘6d195100b95a43046d2e385835c6e2c2‘}
req = requests.post(url,data,cookies=cookie)
print(req.json())
添加header
url=‘http://api.xxx.com/api/user/all_stu‘
mpp = {‘Referer‘:‘http://api.xxx.com/‘,‘User-Agent‘:‘Chore‘}
res = requests.get(url,headers=mpp)
print(res.json())
上传文件
url = ‘http://api.xxx.com/api/file/file_upload‘
f = open(r‘C:\Users\bjxiaohei\Desktop\ad.cpm.schedulingInfo.v1.json‘,‘rb‘)
r = requests.post(url,files={‘file‘:f})
print(r.json())
下载文件
url= ‘http://www.besttest.cn/data/upload/201710/f_36b1c59ecf3b8ff5b0acaf2ea42bafe0.jpg‘
r = requests.get(url)
print(r.status_code) #获取请求的状态码
print(r.content) #获取返回结果二进制格式的
fw = open(r‘bt.jpg‘,‘wb‘)
fw.write(r.content)
fw.close()
保存网页
url = ‘http://www.xxx.com/archives/630‘
r = requests.get(url)
f = open(‘xxx.html‘,‘wb‘)
f.write(r.content)
f.close()