python的继承体系
python中一切皆对象
随着类的定义而开辟执行
class Foo(object):
print \'Loading...\'
spam = \'eggs\'
print \'Done!\'
class MetaClass(type):
def __init__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
print(\'Defining %s\' % cls)
print(\'Name: %s\' % name)
print(\'Bases: %s\' % (bases,))
print(\'Attributes:\')
for (name, value) in attrs.items():
print(\' %s: %r\' % (name, value))
class RealClass(object, metaclass=MetaClass):
spam = \'eggs\'
判断对象是否属于这个类
class person():pass
p = person()
isinstance(p2,person)
类的方法
__class__
__delattr__
__dict__
__dir__
__doc__
__eq__
__format__
__ge__
__getattribute__
__gt__
__hash__
__init__
__init_subclass__
__le__
__lt__
__module__
__ne__
__new__
__reduce__
__reduce_ex__
__repr__
__setattr__
__sizeof__
__str__
__subclasshook__
__weakref__
实例和类存储
静态字段
普通字段
普通方法
类方法
静态方法
字段:
普通字段
静态字段 共享内存
方法都共享内存: 只不过调用方法不同
普通方法 self
类方法 不需要self
静态方法 cls
关键字
from keyword import kwlist
print(kwlist)
>>> help()
help> keywords
[\'False\', \'None\', \'True\', \'and\', \'as\', \'assert\', \'break\', \'class\', \'continue\', \'def\', \'del\', \'elif\', \'else\', \'except\', \'finally\', \'for\', \'from\', \'global\', \'if\', \'import\', \'in\', \'is\', \'lambda\', \'nonlocal\', \'not\', \'or\', \'pass\', \'raise\', \'return\', \'try\', \'while\', \'with\', \'yield\']
查看本地环境所有可用模块
help(\'modules\')
IPython aifc idlelib selectors
__future__ antigravity imaplib setuptools
__main__ argparse imghdr shelve
_ast array imp shlex
_asyncio ast importlib shutil
_bisect asynchat inspect signal
_blake2 asyncio io simplegener
_bootlocale asyncore ipaddress site
_bz2 atexit ipython_genutils six
_codecs audioop itertools smtpd
_codecs_cn autoreload jedi smtplib
_codecs_hk base64 jieba sndhdr
_codecs_iso2022 bdb json socket
_codecs_jp binascii keyword socketserve
_codecs_kr binhex lib2to3 sqlite3
_codecs_tw bisect linecache sre_compile
_collections builtins locale sre_constan
_collections_abc bz2 logging sre_parse
_compat_pickle cProfile lzma ssl
_compression calendar macpath stat
_csv cgi macurl2path statistics
_ctypes cgitb mailbox storemagic
_ctypes_test chunk mailcap string
_datetime cmath markdown stringprep
_decimal cmd marshal struct
_dummy_thread code math subprocess
_elementtree codecs mimetypes sunau
_findvs codeop mmap symbol
_functools collections modulefinder sympyprinti
_hashlib colorama msilib symtable
_heapq colorsys msvcrt sys
_imp compileall multiprocessing sysconfig
_io concurrent netrc tabnanny
_json configparser nntplib tarfile
_locale contextlib nt telnetlib
_lsprof copy ntpath tempfile
_lzma copyreg nturl2path test
_markupbase crypt numbers tests
_md5 csv opcode textwrap
_msi ctypes operator this
_multibytecodec curses optparse threading
_multiprocessing cythonmagic os time
_opcode datetime parser timeit
_operator dbm parso tkinter
_osx_support decimal pathlib token
_overlapped decorator pdb tokenize
_pickle difflib pickle trace
_pydecimal dis pickleshare traceback
_pyio distutils pickletools tracemalloc
_random django pip traitlets
_sha1 django-admin pipes tty
_sha256 doctest pkg_resources turtle
_sha3 dummy_threading pkgutil turtledemo
_sha512 easy_install platform types
_signal email plistlib typing
_sitebuiltins encodings poplib unicodedata
_socket ensurepip posixpath unittest
_sqlite3 enum pprint urllib
_sre errno profile uu
_ssl faulthandler prompt_toolkit uuid
_stat filecmp pstats venv
_string fileinput pty warnings
_strptime fnmatch py_compile wave
_struct formatter pyclbr wcwidth
_symtable fractions pydoc weakref
_testbuffer ftplib pydoc_data webbrowser
_testcapi functools pyexpat wheel
_testconsole gc pygments whoosh
_testimportmultiple genericpath pytz winreg
_testmultiphase getopt queue winsound
_thread getpass quopri wsgiref
_threading_local gettext random xdrlib
_tkinter glob re xml
_tracemalloc gzip reprlib xmlrpc
_warnings hashlib rlcompleter xxsubtype
_weakref haystack rmagic zipapp
_weakrefset heapq runpy zipfile
_winapi hmac sched zipimport
abc html secrets zlib
activate_this http select
dir() 函数: 显示模块属性和方法
__builtin__模块在Python3中重命名为builtins。
In [2]: dir(__builtins__)
Out[2]:
[\'ArithmeticError\',
\'AssertionError\',
\'AttributeError\',
\'BaseException\',
\'BlockingIOError\',
\'BrokenPipeError\',
\'BufferError\',
\'BytesWarning\',
\'ChildProcessError\',
\'ConnectionAbortedError\',
\'ConnectionError\',
\'ConnectionRefusedError\',
\'ConnectionResetError\',
\'DeprecationWarning\',
\'EOFError\',
\'Ellipsis\',
\'EnvironmentError\',
\'Exception\',
\'False\',
\'FileExistsError\',
\'FileNotFoundError\',
\'FloatingPointError\',
\'FutureWarning\',
\'GeneratorExit\',
\'IOError\',
\'ImportError\',
\'ImportWarning\',
\'IndentationError\',
\'IndexError\',
\'InterruptedError\',
\'IsADirectoryError\',
\'KeyError\',
\'KeyboardInterrupt\',
\'LookupError\',
\'MemoryError\',
\'ModuleNotFoundError\',
\'NameError\',
\'None\',
\'NotADirectoryError\',
\'NotImplemented\',
\'NotImplementedError\',
\'OSError\',
\'OverflowError\',
\'PendingDeprecationWarnin
\'PermissionError\',
\'ProcessLookupError\',
\'RecursionError\',
\'ReferenceError\',
\'ResourceWarning\',
\'RuntimeError\',
\'RuntimeWarning\',
\'StopAsyncIteration\',
\'StopIteration\',
\'SyntaxError\',
\'SyntaxWarning\',
\'SystemError\',
\'SystemExit\',
\'TabError\',
\'TimeoutError\',
\'True\',
\'TypeError\',
\'UnboundLocalError\',
\'UnicodeDecodeError\',
\'UnicodeEncodeError\',
\'UnicodeError\',
\'UnicodeTranslateError\',
\'UnicodeWarning\',
\'UserWarning\',
\'ValueError\',
\'Warning\',
\'WindowsError\',
\'ZeroDivisionError\',
\'__IPYTHON__\',
\'__build_class__\',
\'__debug__\',
\'__doc__\',
\'__import__\',
\'__loader__\',
\'__name__\',
\'__package__\',
\'__spec__\',
\'abs\',
\'all\',
\'any\',
\'ascii\',
\'bin\',
\'bool\',
\'bytearray\',
\'bytes\',
\'callable\',
\'chr\',
\'classmethod\',
\'compile\',
\'complex\',
\'copyright\',
\'credits\',
\'delattr\',
\'dict\',
\'dir\',
\'display\',
\'divmod\',
\'enumerate\',
\'eval\',
\'exec\',
\'filter\',
\'float\',
\'format\',
\'frozenset\',
\'get_ipython\',
\'getattr\',
\'globals\',
\'hasattr\',
\'hash\',
\'help\',
\'hex\',
\'id\',
\'input\',
\'int\',
\'isinstance\',
\'issubclass\',
\'iter\',
\'len\',
\'license\',
\'list\',
\'locals\',
\'map\',
\'max\',
\'memoryview\',
\'min\',
\'next\',
\'object\',
\'oct\',
\'open\',
\'ord\',
\'pow\',
\'print\',
\'property\',
\'range\',
\'repr\',
\'reversed\',
\'round\',
\'set\',
\'setattr\',
\'slice\',
\'sorted\',
\'staticmethod\',
\'str\',
\'sum\',
\'super\',
\'tuple\',
\'type\',
\'vars\',
\'zip\']
模块的继承
