1、数字
int型变量
在32位机器上，整数的位数为32位，取值范围为-2**31～2**31-1，即-2147483648～2147483647
在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807
int类型常用功能剖析:
1、n1+n2 实际是调用n1.__add__(n2)这个方法
2、bit_length()表示该数字的二进制最少可以占用几位
1 class int(object) 2 | int(x=0) -> integer 3 | int(x, base=10) -> integer 4 | 5 | Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments 6 | are given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating point 7 | numbers, this truncates towards zero. 8 | 9 | If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string, 10 | bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the 11 | given base. The literal can be preceded by ‘+‘ or ‘-‘ and be surrounded 12 | by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. 13 | Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal. 14 | >>> int(‘0b100‘, base=0) 15 | 4 16 | 17 | Methods defined here: 18 | 19 | __abs__(self, /) 20 | abs(self) 21 | 22 | __add__(self, value, /) 23 | Return self+value. 24 | 25 | __and__(self, value, /) 26 | Return self&value. 27 | 28 | __bool__(self, /) 29 | self != 0 30 | 31 | __ceil__(...) 32 | Ceiling of an Integral returns itself. 33 | 34 | __divmod__(self, value, /) 35 | Return divmod(self, value). 36 | 37 | __eq__(self, value, /) 38 | Return self==value. 39 | 40 | __float__(self, /) 41 | float(self) 42 | 43 | __floor__(...) 44 | Flooring an Integral returns itself. 45 | 46 | __floordiv__(self, value, /) 47 | Return self//value. 48 | 49 | __format__(...) 50 | default object formatter 51 | 52 | __ge__(self, value, /) 53 | Return self>=value. 54 | 55 | __getattribute__(self, name, /) 56 | Return getattr(self, name). 57 | 58 | __getnewargs__(...) 59 | 60 | __gt__(self, value, /) 61 | Return self>value. 62 | 63 | __hash__(self, /) 64 | Return hash(self). 65 | 66 | __index__(self, /) 67 | Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list. 68 | 69 | __int__(self, /) 70 | int(self) 71 | 72 | __invert__(self, /) 73 | ~self 74 | 75 | __le__(self, value, /) 76 | Return self<=value. 77 | 78 | __lshift__(self, value, /) 79 | Return self<<value. 80 | 81 | __lt__(self, value, /) 82 | Return self<value. 83 | 84 | __mod__(self, value, /) 85 | Return self%value. 86 | 87 | __mul__(self, value, /) 88 | Return self*value. 89 | 90 | __ne__(self, value, /) 91 | Return self!=value. 92 | 93 | __neg__(self, /) 94 | -self 95 | 96 | __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type 97 | Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. 98 | 99 | __or__(self, value, /) 100 | Return self|value. 101 | 102 | __pos__(self, /) 103 | +self 104 | 105 | __pow__(self, value, mod=None, /) 106 | Return pow(self, value, mod). 107 | 108 | __radd__(self, value, /) 109 | Return value+self. 110 | 111 | __rand__(self, value, /) 112 | Return value&self. 113 | 114 | __rdivmod__(self, value, /) 115 | Return divmod(value, self). 116 | 117 | __repr__(self, /) 118 | Return repr(self). 119 | 120 | __rfloordiv__(self, value, /) 121 | Return value//self. 122 | 123 | __rlshift__(self, value, /) 124 | Return value<<self. 125 | 126 | __rmod__(self, value, /) 127 | Return value%self. 128 | 129 | __rmul__(self, value, /) 130 | Return value*self. 131 | 132 | __ror__(self, value, /) 133 | Return value|self. 134 | 135 | __round__(...) 136 | Rounding an Integral returns itself. 137 | Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer. 138 | 139 | __rpow__(self, value, mod=None, /) 140 | Return pow(value, self, mod). 141 | 142 | __rrshift__(self, value, /) 143 | Return value>>self. 144 | 145 | __rshift__(self, value, /) 146 | Return self>>value. 147 | 148 | __rsub__(self, value, /) 149 | Return value-self. 150 | 151 | __rtruediv__(self, value, /) 152 | Return value/self. 153 | 154 | __rxor__(self, value, /) 155 | Return value^self. 156 | 157 | __sizeof__(...) 158 | Returns size in memory, in bytes 159 | 160 | __str__(self, /) 161 | Return str(self). 162 | 163 | __sub__(self, value, /) 164 | Return self-value. 165 | 166 | __truediv__(self, value, /) 167 | Return self/value. 168 | 169 | __trunc__(...) 170 | Truncating an Integral returns itself. 171 | 172 | __xor__(self, value, /) 173 | Return self^value. 174 | 175 | bit_length(...) 176 | int.bit_length() -> int 177 | 178 | Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary. 179 | >>> bin(37) 180 | ‘0b100101‘ 181 | >>> (37).bit_length() 182 | 6 183 | 184 | conjugate(...) 185 | Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. 186 | 187 | from_bytes(...) from builtins.type 188 | int.from_bytes(bytes, byteorder, *, signed=False) -> int 189 | 190 | Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes. 191 | 192 | The bytes argument must be a bytes-like object (e.g. bytes or bytearray). 193 | 194 | The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the 195 | integer. If byteorder is ‘big‘, the most significant byte is at the 196 | beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little‘, the most 197 | significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native 198 | byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder‘ as the byte order value. 199 | 200 | The signed keyword-only argument indicates whether two‘s complement is 201 | used to represent the integer. 202 | 203 | to_bytes(...) 204 | int.to_bytes(length, byteorder, *, signed=False) -> bytes 205 | 206 | Return an array of bytes representing an integer. 207 | 208 | The integer is represented using length bytes. An OverflowError is 209 | raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of 210 | bytes. 211 | 212 | The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the 213 | integer. If byteorder is ‘big‘, the most significant byte is at the 214 | beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little‘, the most 215 | significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native 216 | byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder‘ as the byte order value. 217 | 218 | The signed keyword-only argument determines whether two‘s complement is 219 | used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer 220 | is given, an OverflowError is raised. 221 | 222 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 223 | Data descriptors defined here: 224 | 225 | denominator 226 | the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms 227 | 228 | imag 229 | the imaginary part of a complex number 230 | 231 | numerator 232 | the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms 233 | 234 | real 235 | the real part of a complex number
2、布尔值
True 真
False 假
3、字符串(str)
str类型常用功能剖析:
1、format()，format()中接受的参数，依次传递给字符串中的占位符{0}，{1}，{2}，如：s=‘hello,{0},I {1} you‘,s.format(‘python‘,‘love‘)
最后s就变成hello python,I love you有几个占位符就要给format()传递几个参数
2、join()，如lst=[‘h‘,‘e‘,‘l‘,‘l‘,‘o‘],执行‘_‘.join(lst)后得到h_e_l_l_o
3、lstrip()移除字符串中左边的空格
4、rstrip()移除字符串中右边的空格
5、strip()移除字符串中的左边跟右边的空格
6、partition()将字符串进行分割
7、replace()对指定的内容进行替换
8、split()对字符串进行分割
9、索引 s=‘abcde‘,s[0]表示第一个字符，s[1]表示第二个字符，依此类推，len(s)用来获取字符串的长度，即字符个数
10、切片s[n:m] n=<*<m
1 class str(object) 2 | str(object=‘‘) -> str 3 | str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str 4 | 5 | Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or 6 | errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer 7 | that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler. 8 | Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined) 9 | or repr(object). 10 | encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). 11 | errors defaults to ‘strict‘. 12 | 13 | Methods defined here: 14 | 15 | __add__(self, value, /) 16 | Return self+value. 17 | 18 | __contains__(self, key, /) 19 | Return key in self. 20 | 21 | __eq__(self, value, /) 22 | Return self==value. 23 | 24 | __format__(...) 25 | S.__format__(format_spec) -> str 26 | 27 | Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec. 28 | 29 | __ge__(self, value, /) 30 | Return self>=value. 31 | 32 | __getattribute__(self, name, /) 33 | Return getattr(self, name). 34 | 35 | __getitem__(self, key, /) 36 | Return self[key]. 37 | 38 | __getnewargs__(...) 39 | 40 | __gt__(self, value, /) 41 | Return self>value. 42 | 43 | __hash__(self, /) 44 | Return hash(self). 45 | 46 | __iter__(self, /) 47 | Implement iter(self). 48 | 49 | __le__(self, value, /) 50 | Return self<=value. 51 | 52 | __len__(self, /) 53 | Return len(self). 54 | 55 | __lt__(self, value, /) 56 | Return self<value. 57 | 58 | __mod__(self, value, /) 59 | Return self%value. 60 | 61 | __mul__(self, value, /) 62 | Return self*value.n 63 | 64 | __ne__(self, value, /) 65 | Return self!=value. 66 | 67 | __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type 68 | Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. 69 | 70 | __repr__(self, /) 71 | Return repr(self). 72 | 73 | __rmod__(self, value, /) 74 | Return value%self. 75 | 76 | __rmul__(self, value, /) 77 | Return self*value. 78 | 79 | __sizeof__(...) 80 | S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes 81 | 82 | __str__(self, /) 83 | Return str(self). 84 | 85 | capitalize(...) 86 | S.capitalize() -> str 87 | 88 | Return a capitalized version of S, i.e. make the first character 89 | have upper case and the rest lower case. 90 | 91 | casefold(...) 92 | S.casefold() -> str 93 | 94 | Return a version of S suitable for caseless comparisons. 95 | 96 | center(...) 97 | S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> str 98 | 99 | Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is 100 | done using the specified fill character (default is a space) 101 | 102 | count(...) 103 | S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 104 | 105 | Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in 106 | string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are 107 | interpreted as in slice notation. 108 | 109 | encode(...) 110 | S.encode(encoding=‘utf-8‘, errors=‘strict‘) -> bytes 111 | 112 | Encode S using the codec registered for encoding. Default encoding 113 | is ‘utf-8‘. errors may be given to set a different error 114 | handling scheme. Default is ‘strict‘ meaning that encoding errors raise 115 | a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore‘, ‘replace‘ and 116 | ‘xmlcharrefreplace‘ as well as any other name registered with 117 | codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors. 118 | 119 | endswith(...) 120 | S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool 121 | 122 | Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. 123 | With optional start, test S beginning at that position. 124 | With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. 125 | suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try. 126 | 127 | expandtabs(...) 128 | S.expandtabs(tabsize=8) -> str 129 | 130 | Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. 131 | If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed. 132 | 133 | find(...) 134 | S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 135 | 136 | Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, 137 | such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional 138 | arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. 139 | 140 | Return -1 on failure. 141 | 142 | format(...) 143 | S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str 144 | 145 | Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. 146 | The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{‘ and ‘}‘). 147 | 148 | format_map(...) 149 | S.format_map(mapping) -> str 150 | 151 | Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. 152 | The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{‘ and ‘}‘). 153 | 154 | index(...) 155 | S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 156 | 157 | Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found. 158 | 159 | isalnum(...) 160 | S.isalnum() -> bool 161 | 162 | Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric 163 | and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. 164 | 165 | isalpha(...) 166 | S.isalpha() -> bool 167 | 168 | Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic 169 | and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. 170 | 171 | isdecimal(...) 172 | S.isdecimal() -> bool 173 | 174 | Return True if there are only decimal characters in S, 175 | False otherwise. 176 | 177 | isdigit(...) 178 | S.isdigit() -> bool 179 | 180 | Return True if all characters in S are digits 181 | and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. 182 | 183 | isidentifier(...) 184 | S.isidentifier() -> bool 185 | 186 | Return True if S is a valid identifier according 187 | to the language definition. 188 | 189 | Use keyword.iskeyword() to test for reserved identifiers 190 | such as "def" and "class". 191 | 192 | islower(...) 193 | S.islower() -> bool 194 | 195 | Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is 196 | at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. 197 | 198 | isnumeric(...) 199 | S.isnumeric() -> bool 200 | 201 | Return True if there are only numeric characters in S, 202 | False otherwise. 203 | 204 | isprintable(...) 205 | S.isprintable() -> bool 206 | 207 | Return True if all characters in S are considered 208 | printable in repr() or S is empty, False otherwise. 209 | 210 | isspace(...) 211 | S.isspace() -> bool 212 | 213 | Return True if all characters in S are whitespace 214 | and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. 215 | 216 | istitle(...) 217 | S.istitle() -> bool 218 | 219 | Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one 220 | character in S, i.e. upper- and titlecase characters may only 221 | follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. 222 | Return False otherwise. 223 | 224 | isupper(...) 225 | S.isupper() -> bool 226 | 227 | Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is 228 | at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. 229 | 230 | join(...) 231 | S.join(iterable) -> str 232 | 233 | Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the 234 | iterable. The separator between elements is S. 235 | 236 | ljust(...) 237 | S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> str 238 | 239 | Return S left-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is 240 | done using the specified fill character (default is a space). 241 | 242 | lower(...) 243 | S.lower() -> str 244 | 245 | Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase. 246 | 247 | lstrip(...) 248 | S.lstrip([chars]) -> str 249 | 250 | Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed. 251 | If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. 252 | 253 | partition(...) 254 | S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) 255 | 256 | Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it, 257 | the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not 258 | found, return S and two empty strings. 259 | 260 | replace(...) 261 | S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str 262 | 263 | Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring 264 | old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is 265 | given, only the first count occurrences are replaced. 266 | 267 | rfind(...) 268 | S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 269 | 270 | Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, 271 | such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional 272 | arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. 273 | 274 | Return -1 on failure. 275 | 276 | rindex(...) 277 | S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 278 | 279 | Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found. 280 | 281 | rjust(...) 282 | S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> str 283 | 284 | Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is 285 | done using the specified fill character (default is a space). 286 | 287 | rpartition(...) 288 | S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) 289 | 290 | Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return 291 | the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the 292 | separator is not found, return two empty strings and S. 293 | 294 | rsplit(...) 295 | S.rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings 296 | 297 | Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the 298 | delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and 299 | working to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit 300 | splits are done. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string 301 | is a separator. 302 | 303 | rstrip(...) 304 | S.rstrip([chars]) -> str 305 | 306 | Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed. 307 | If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. 308 | 309 | split(...) 310 | S.split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings 311 | 312 | Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the 313 | delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit 314 | splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any 315 | whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are 316 | removed from the result. 317 | 318 | splitlines(...) 319 | S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings 320 | 321 | Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries. 322 | Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends 323 | is given and true. 324 | 325 | startswith(...) 326 | S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool 327 | 328 | Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. 329 | With optional start, test S beginning at that position. 330 | With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. 331 | prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try. 332 | 333 | strip(...) 334 | S.strip([chars]) -> str 335 | 336 | Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing 337 | whitespace removed. 338 | If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. 339 | 340 | swapcase(...) 341 | S.swapcase() -> str 342 | 343 | Return a copy of S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase 344 | and vice versa. 345 | 346 | title(...) 347 | S.title() -> str 348 | 349 | Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with title case 350 | characters, all remaining cased characters have lower case. 351 | 352 | translate(...) 353 | S.translate(table) -> str 354 | 355 | Return a copy of the string S in which each character has been mapped 356 | through the given translation table. The table must implement 357 | lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list, 358 | mapping Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. If 359 | this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. 360 | Characters mapped to None are deleted. 361 | 362 | upper(...) 363 | S.upper() -> str 364 | 365 | Return a copy of S converted to uppercase. 366 | 367 | zfill(...) 368 | S.zfill(width) -> str 369 | 370 | Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field 371 | of the specified width. The string S is never truncated. 372 | 373 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 374 | Static methods defined here: 375 | 376 | maketrans(x, y=None, z=None, /) 377 | Return a translation table usable for str.translate(). 378 | 379 | If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode 380 | ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. 381 | Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. 382 | If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and 383 | in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the 384 | character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it 385 | must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
列表(list)
list类型常用功能剖析:
lst = [1,2,3,‘e‘],这就是一个列表
len(lst)获取列表长度
列表中的索引、切片、循环跟字符串都是一样的
append(),在列表末尾追加元素，lst.append(‘s‘),则lst=[***,‘s‘]
count(),统计列表中某一个元素的个数
extend()，扩展列表，lst.extend(iterable)，iterable为可迭代对象
index()，获取某个元素的索引
insert()，往某个索引位置插入一个值
pop()，移除一个值，没有参数的，移除尾部的值，但是这个值可以赋给另外一个变量，如a=lst.pop(),就表示将列表中的最后一个元素移除并赋值给a
remove()，移除从左边找到的第一个
reverse()，反转列表
sort()排序
del lst[index]删除索引index处的元素，del lst[index1:index2]
1 class list(object) 2 | list() -> new empty list 3 | list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable‘s items 4 | 5 | Methods defined here: 6 | 7 | __add__(self, value, /) 8 | Return self+value. 9 | 10 | __contains__(self, key, /) 11 | Return key in self. 12 | 13 | __delitem__(self, key, /) 14 | Delete self[key]. 15 | 16 | __eq__(self, value, /) 17 | Return self==value. 18 | 19 | __ge__(self, value, /) 20 | Return self>=value. 21 | 22 | __getattribute__(self, name, /) 23 | Return getattr(self, name). 24 | 25 | __getitem__(...) 26 | x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] 27 | 28 | __gt__(self, value, /) 29 | Return self>value. 30 | 31 | __iadd__(self, value, /) 32 | Implement self+=value. 33 | 34 | __imul__(self, value, /) 35 | Implement self*=value. 36 | 37 | __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs) 38 | Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature. 39 | 40 | __iter__(self, /) 41 | Implement iter(self). 42 | 43 | __le__(self, value, /) 44 | Return self<=value. 45 | 46 | __len__(self, /) 47 | Return len(self). 48 | 49 | __lt__(self, value, /) 50 | Return self<value. 51 | 52 | __mul__(self, value, /) 53 | Return self*value.n 54 | 55 | __ne__(self, value, /) 56 | Return self!=value. 57 | 58 | __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type 59 | Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. 60 | 61 | __repr__(self, /) 62 | Return repr(self). 63 | 64 | __reversed__(...) 65 | L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list 66 | 67 | __rmul__(self, value, /) 68 | Return self*value. 69 | 70 | __setitem__(self, key, value, /) 71 | Set self[key] to value. 72 | 73 | __sizeof__(...) 74 | L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes 75 | 76 | append(...) 77 | L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end 78 | 79 | clear(...) 80 | L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L 81 | 82 | copy(...) 83 | L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L 84 | 85 | count(...) 86 | L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value 87 | 88 | extend(...) 89 | L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable 90 | 91 | index(...) 92 | L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. 93 | Raises ValueError if the value is not present. 94 | 95 | insert(...) 96 | L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index 97 | 98 | pop(...) 99 | L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last). 100 | Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range. 101 | 102 | remove(...) 103 | L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value. 104 | Raises ValueError if the value is not present. 105 | 106 | reverse(...) 107 | L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* 108 | 109 | sort(...) 110 | L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE* 111 | 112 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 113 | Data and other attributes defined here: 114 | 115 | __hash__ = None
元组(tuple)
tuple类型常用功能剖析 :
tup=（1，2，3，‘a‘）这就是一个元组
元组跟列表几乎是一样的
列表可以进行修改，元组不可以进行修改(不能进行增删改操作)
count()计算元素出现的次数
index()获取指定元素的索引位置
1 class list(object) 2 | list() -> new empty list 3 | list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable‘s items 4 | 5 | Methods defined here: 6 | 7 | __add__(self, value, /) 8 | Return self+value. 9 | 10 | __contains__(self, key, /) 11 | Return key in self. 12 | 13 | __delitem__(self, key, /) 14 | Delete self[key]. 15 | 16 | __eq__(self, value, /) 17 | Return self==value. 18 | 19 | __ge__(self, value, /) 20 | Return self>=value. 21 | 22 | __getattribute__(self, name, /) 23 | Return getattr(self, name). 24 | 25 | __getitem__(...) 26 | x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] 27 | 28 | __gt__(self, value, /) 29 | Return self>value. 30 | 31 | __iadd__(self, value, /) 32 | Implement self+=value. 33 | 34 | __imul__(self, value, /) 35 | Implement self*=value. 36 | 37 | __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs) 38 | Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature. 39 | 40 | __iter__(self, /) 41 | Implement iter(self). 42 | 43 | __le__(self, value, /) 44 | Return self<=value. 45 | 46 | __len__(self, /) 47 | Return len(self). 48 | 49 | __lt__(self, value, /) 50 | Return self<value. 51 | 52 | __mul__(self, value, /) 53 | Return self*value.n 54 | 55 | __ne__(self, value, /) 56 | Return self!=value. 57 | 58 | __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type 59 | Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. 60 | 61 | __repr__(self, /) 62 | Return repr(self). 63 | 64 | __reversed__(...) 65 | L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list 66 | 67 | __rmul__(self, value, /) 68 | Return self*value. 69 | 70 | __setitem__(self, key, value, /) 71 | Set self[key] to value. 72 | 73 | __sizeof__(...) 74 | L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes 75 | 76 | append(...) 77 | L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end 78 | 79 | clear(...) 80 | L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L 81 | 82 | copy(...) 83 | L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L 84 | 85 | count(...) 86 | L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value 87 | 88 | extend(...) 89 | L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable 90 | 91 | index(...) 92 | L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. 93 | Raises ValueError if the value is not present. 94 | 95 | insert(...) 96 | L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index 97 | 98 | pop(...) 99 | L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last). 100 | Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range. 101 | 102 | remove(...) 103 | L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value. 104 | Raises ValueError if the value is not present. 105 | 106 | reverse(...) 107 | L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* 108 | 109 | sort(...) 110 | L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE* 111 | 112 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 113 | Data and other attributes defined here: 114 | 115 | __hash__ = None
字典(dict)
dict类型常用功能剖析:
user_info = {‘sam‘:1,‘Jim‘:2}这就是一个字典,大括号里面是键值对
索引：user_info[‘sam‘]
user_info.keys()获取所有的key
user_info.values()获取所有的value
user_info.items()获取所有的键值对
user_info.clear()：清除所有内容
user_info.get(key):根据key获取值，如果key不存在，可以指定一个默认值user_info.get(‘sas‘,‘123‘),不存在的键sas，值为123
通过索引也可以获取值，但是get在key不存在的时候返回None，而索引会报错，所以推荐用get
user_info.has_key()检查字典中指定的key是否存在，python2有这个函数python3没有这个函数，用in代替：key in user_info.keys()
user_info.update()批量更新
pop()
popitem()
del user_info(key)删除键值对
循环：默认只输出key
for i in user_info:这句与for i in user_info.keys():是等价的，因为for in in user_info默认是对键进行循环。
print(i)输出key
for k,v in user_info.items():
print(k)输出key
print(v)输出value
1 class dict(object) 2 | dict() -> new empty dictionary 3 | dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object‘s 4 | (key, value) pairs 5 | dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via: 6 | d = {} 7 | for k, v in iterable: 8 | d[k] = v 9 | dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs 10 | in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2) 11 | 12 | Methods defined here: 13 | 14 | __contains__(self, key, /) 15 | True if D has a key k, else False. 16 | 17 | __delitem__(self, key, /) 18 | Delete self[key]. 19 | 20 | __eq__(self, value, /) 21 | Return self==value. 22 | 23 | __ge__(self, value, /) 24 | Return self>=value. 25 | 26 | __getattribute__(self, name, /) 27 | Return getattr(self, name). 28 | 29 | __getitem__(...) 30 | x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] 31 | 32 | __gt__(self, value, /) 33 | Return self>value. 34 | 35 | __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs) 36 | Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature. 37 | 38 | __iter__(self, /) 39 | Implement iter(self). 40 | 41 | __le__(self, value, /) 42 | Return self<=value. 43 | 44 | __len__(self, /) 45 | Return len(self). 46 | 47 | __lt__(self, value, /) 48 | Return self<value. 49 | 50 | __ne__(self, value, /) 51 | Return self!=value. 52 | 53 | __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type 54 | Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. 55 | 56 | __repr__(self, /) 57 | Return repr(self). 58 | 59 | __setitem__(self, key, value, /) 60 | Set self[key] to value. 61 | 62 | __sizeof__(...) 63 | D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes 64 | 65 | clear(...) 66 | D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D. 67 | 68 | copy(...) 69 | D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D 70 | 71 | fromkeys(iterable, value=None, /) from builtins.type 72 | Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value. 73 | 74 | get(...) 75 | D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None. 76 | 77 | items(...) 78 | D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D‘s items 79 | 80 | keys(...) 81 | D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D‘s keys 82 | 83 | pop(...) 84 | D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value. 85 | If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised 86 | 87 | popitem(...) 88 | D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a 89 | 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty. 90 | 91 | setdefault(...) 92 | D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D 93 | 94 | update(...) 95 | D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F. 96 | If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k] 97 | If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does: for k, v in E: D[k] = v 98 | In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k] 99 | 100 | values(...) 101 | D.values() -> an object providing a view on D‘s values 102 | 103 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 104 | Data and other attributes defined here: 105 | 106 | __hash__ = None