CS50-Python实验3,4

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Week3 Exceptions

Fuel Gauge

题目描述:

输入分数字符串,判断并输出相应的百分数;特例不足1%输出E,超出99%输出F

思路:

1,从字符串中取出x,y;

2,按题中要求计算输出;

题解:

while True:
    try:
        ## 取出x,y
        x, z, y= input("Fraction: ")
        x, y = int(x), int (y)
        
        ##防止出错
        if y == 0:
            raise ZeroDivisionError
        if x > y:
            raise ValueError
        break
    except(ValueError, ZeroDivisionError):
        pass

## 模拟题
if 0 < x/y < 0.99:
    print(f"round(x/y*100)%")
elif x/y >= 0.99:
    print("F")
else:
    print("E")

Felipe’s Taqueria

题目描述:

根据用户输入的信息,匹配菜单价格,最终算出最终价格。

题解:

## 菜单信息
menu = 
    "Baja Taco": 4.00,
    "Burrito": 7.50,
    "Bowl": 8.50,
    "Nachos": 11.00,
    "Quesadilla": 8.50,
    "Super Burrito": 8.50,
    "Super Quesadilla": 9.50,
    "Taco": 3.00,
    "Tortilla Salad": 8.00,


##total:结果
total = 0

## 计算输出
while True:
    try:
        ## title(): 首字母大写其余小写
        item = input("Item: ").title() 
        if item in menu:
            total += menu[item]
            print(f"Total: $total:.2f")
    except EOFError:
        print()
        break

Grocery List

题目描述:

记录用户输入商品,最终输出已输入的商品以及商品数量;

题解:

## 存储商品信息
list = 


while True:
    ## 输入处理
    try:
        ## upper():字符串大写
        item = input("").upper()
    except EOFError:
        print()
        break
	
    ## 记录商品
    if item in list:
        list[item] += 1
    else:
        list[item] = 1

## 输出结果
for item, cnt in sorted(list.items()):
    print(f"cnt item")

Outdated

题目描述:

用户输入9/8/1636,September 8, 1636形式,系统转换输出1636-09-08;若用户输出其他形式抛异常。

题解:

## 月份记录
months = [
    "January",
    "February",
    "March",
    "April",
    "May",
    "June",
    "July",
    "August",
    "September",
    "October",
    "November",
    "December"
]

##思路:分情况讨论
while True:
    date = input("Date: ")
    month,day,year = "", "", ""
    try:
        ## 9/8/1636
        if len(date.split("/")) == 3: 
            date = date.split("/")
            month, day, year = map(int, date)
        ## September 8, 1636
        else:
            date = date.split(",")
            if len(date) == 2:
                month, day = date[0].split()
                month = months.index(month)+1
                day, year = int(day), int(date[1])
        ##输出
        if 1<=int(month)<=12 and 1<=int(day)<=31:
            print(f"year:04-month:02-day:02")
            break
    except ValueError:
        pass

Week4 Libraries

Emojize

题目描述:

练习python调用库操作;

题解:

from emoji import emojize

print("Output:", emojize(input("Input: ")))

Frank, Ian and Glen’s Letters

题目描述:

The documentation for pyfiglet isn’t very clear, but you can use the module as follows:

from pyfiglet import Figlet

figlet = Figlet()

You can then get a list of available fonts with code like this:

figlet.getFonts()

You can set the font with code like this, wherein f is the font’s name as a str:

figlet.setFont(font=f)

And you can output text in that font with code like this, wherein s is that text as a str:

print(figlet.renderText(s))

题解:

from pyfiglet import Figlet
import random
import sys


fonts = Figlet().getFonts()

# Zero if the user would like to output text in a random font.
# Two if the user would like to output text in a specific font, in which case the first of the two should be -f or --font, and the second of the two should be the name of the font.
if len(sys.argv) == 1:
    font = random.choice(fonts)
elif len(sys.argv) == 3:
    if sys.argv[1] in ["-f", "--font"] and sys.argv[2] in fonts:
        font = sys.argv[2]
    else:
        sys.exit("Invalid arguments.")
else:
    sys.exit("Invalid number of arguments.")

## 输出
text = input("Input: ")
print("Output:\\n", Figlet(font=font).renderText(text))

Adieu, Adieu

题目描述:

用户输入名字,将所有名字按照inflect中的操作输出;

题解:

import inflect

p = inflect.engine()
names = []
while True:
    try:
        names.append(input("Name: ").strip())
    except EOFError:
        print()
        break

print(f"Adieu, adieu, to p.join(names)")

Guessing Game

题目描述:

用户选择猜数等级,然后进行竞猜。竞猜过程中会提示用户信息,直到猜中为止;

题解:

from random import randint

## 选择猜数等级
while True:
    try:
        n = int(input("Level: "))
        if n < 0:
            raise ValueError
        break
    except ValueError:
        pass

## 生成竞猜的数
rand = randint(1, n)

## 用户判断
while True:
    try:
        guess = int(input("Guess: "))

        if guess < rand:
            print("Too small!")
        elif guess > rand:
            print("Too large!")
        else:
            print("Just right!")
            break
    except ValueError:
        pass

Little Professor

题目描述:

用户选择等级进行随机式子生成,最后根据算式正确结果算取所得分数;

题解:

import random


def main():
    level = get_level()
    score = 0

    for _ in range(10):
        x = generate_integer(level)
        y = generate_integer(level)

        ## 计算score
        tries = 0

        while tries < 3:
            try:
                tries += 1
                answer = int(input(f"x + y = "))

                if answer == x+y:
                    score += 1
                    break
                else:
                    print("EEE")
            except ValueError:
                pass
        print(f"x + y = x+y")

    print("Score", score)

## 获取等级
def get_level():
    while True:
        try:
            level = int(input("Level: "))

            if level in [1, 2, 3]:
                return level
        except ValueError:
            pass
        
## 在范围内生成数字
def generate_integer(level):
    if level == 1:
        return random.randint(0, 9)
    return random.randint(10 ** (level - 1), 10**level - 1)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Bitcoin Price Index

题目描述:

Expects the user to specify as a command-line argument the number of Bitcoins n, that they would like to buy. If that argument cannot be converted to a float, the program should exit via sys.exit with an error message.

Queries the API for the CoinDesk Bitcoin Price Index at https://api.coindesk.com/v1/bpi/currentprice.json, which returns a JSON object, among whose nested keys is the current price of Bitcoin as a float. Be sure to catch any exceptions, as with code like:

import requests

try:
    ...
except requests.RequestException:
    ...

Outputs the current cost of Bitcoins in USD to four decimal places, using , as a thousands separator.

题解:

import sys
import requests

try:
    response = requests.get("https://api.coindesk.com/v1/bpi/currentprice.json")
    data = response.json()
    current_price = data["bpi"]["USD"]["rate_float"]
except requests.RequestException:
    sys.exit()


try:
    n = float(sys.argv[1])
except IndexError:
    sys.exit("Missing command-line argument")
except ValueError:
    sys.exit("Command-line argument is not a number")
print(f"$n * current_price:,.4f")

大数据Hadoop实验报告

文章目录

实验一 熟悉常用的Linux操作和Hadoop操作

1.实验目的

Hadoop运行在Linux系统上,因此,需要学习实践一些常用的Linux命令。本实验旨在熟悉常用的Linux操作和Hadoop操作,为顺利开展后续其他实验奠定基础。

2.实验平台

  • 操作系统:Linux;
  • Hadoop版本:2.7.1。

3.实验内容和要求

(一)熟悉常用的Linux操作
请按要求上机实践如下linux基本命令。

cd命令:切换目录

(1)切换到目录 /usr/local

(2)切换到当前目录的上一级目录

(3)切换到当前登录Linux系统的用户的自己的主文件夹

ls命令:查看文件与目录

(4)查看目录/usr下所有的文件

mkdir命令:新建新目录

(5)进入“/tmp”目录,创建一个名为“a”的目录,并查看“/tmp”目录下已经存在哪些目录

(6)进入“/tmp”目录,创建目录“a1/a2/a3/a4”

rmdir命令:删除空的目录
(7)将上面创建的目录a(在“/tmp”目录下面)删除

(8)删除上面创建的目录“a1/a2/a3/a4” (在“/tmp”目录下面),然后查看“/tmp”目录下面存在哪些目录

cp命令:复制文件或目录

(9)将当前用户的主文件夹下的文件.bashrc复制到目录“/usr”下,并重命名为bashrc1

(10)在目录“/tmp”下新建目录test,再把这个目录复制到“/usr”目录下

mv命令:移动文件与目录,或更名

(11)将“/usr”目录下的文件bashrc1移动到“/usr/test”目录下

(12)将“/usr”目录下的test目录重命名为test2

rm命令:移除文件或目录

(13)将“/usr/test2”目录下的bashrc1文件删除
$ sudo rm /usr/test2/bashrc1

(14)将“/usr”目录下的test2目录删除
$ sudo rm –r /usr/test2

cat命令:查看文件内容

(15)查看当前用户主文件夹下的.bashrc文件内容

tac命令:反向查看文件内容

(16)反向查看当前用户主文件夹下的.bashrc文件的内容

more命令:一页一页翻动查看

(17)翻页查看当前用户主文件夹下的.bashrc文件的内容

head命令:取出前面几行

(18)查看当前用户主文件夹下.bashrc文件内容前20行

(19)查看当前用户主文件夹下.bashrc文件内容,后面50行不显示,只显示前面几行

tail命令:取出后面几行

(20)查看当前用户主文件夹下.bashrc文件内容最后20行

(21) 查看当前用户主文件夹下.bashrc文件内容,并且只列出50行以后的数据

touch命令:修改文件时间或创建新文件

(22)在“/tmp”目录下创建一个空文件hello,并查看文件时间

(23)修改hello文件,将文件时间整为5天前

chown命令:修改文件所有者权限

(24)将hello文件所有者改为root帐号,并查看属性

find命令:文件查找

(25)找出主文件夹下文件名为.bashrc的文件

tar命令:压缩命令

(26)在根目录“/”下新建文件夹test,然后在根目录“/”下打包成test.tar.gz

(27)把上面的test.tar.gz压缩包,解压缩到“/tmp”目录
$ sudo tar -zxv -f /test.tar.gz -C /tmp

grep命令:查找字符串

(28)从“~/.bashrc”文件中查找字符串’examples’

(29)请在“~/.bashrc”中设置,配置Java环境变量

(30)查看JAVA_HOME变量的值

(二)熟悉常用的Hadoop操作
(31)使用hadoop用户登录Linux系统,启动Hadoop(Hadoop的安装目录为“/usr/local/hadoop”),为hadoop用户在HDFS中创建用户目录“/user/hadoop”

(32)接着在HDFS的目录“/user/hadoop”下,创建test文件夹,并查看文件列表

(33)将Linux系统本地的“~/.bashrc”文件上传到HDFS的test文件夹中,并查看test

(34)将HDFS文件夹test复制到Linux系统本地文件系统的“/usr/local/hadoop”目录下

实验二 熟悉常用的HDFS操作

1.实验目的

  • 理解HDFS在Hadoop体系结构中的角色;
  • 熟练使用HDFS操作常用的Shell命令;

2.实验平台

  • 操作系统:Linux(建议Ubuntu16.04);
  • Hadoop版本:2.7.1;
  • JDK版本:1.7或以上版本;
  • Java IDE:Eclipse。

3.实验步骤

(一)编程实现以下功能,并利用Hadoop提供的Shell命令完成相同任务:
(1)向HDFS中上传任意文本文件,如果指定的文件在HDFS中已经存在,则由用户来指定是追加到原有文件末尾还是覆盖原有的文件;

Shell命令:
追加到末尾

hadoop fs -appendToFile /usr/local/hadoop/test.txt /user/text.txt

覆盖原文件

hadoop fs -copyFromLocal -f /usr/local/hadoop/test.txt /user/text.txt

Java代码:

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*;
import java.io.*; 
public class HDFSApi  
      public static boolean test(Configuration conf, String path) throws IOException          FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);       
          return fs.exists(new Path(path)); 
     
        public static void copyFromLocalFile(Configuration conf, String localFilePath, String remoteFilePath) throws IOException  
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf); 
        Path localPath = new Path(localFilePath); 
        Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath);             fs.copyFromLocalFile(false, true, localPath, remotePath);      
   fs.close(); 
     
  public static void appendToFile(Configuration conf, String  localFilePath, String remoteFilePath) throws IOException  
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf); 
        Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); 
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(localFilePath); 
        FSDataOutputStream out = fs.append(remotePath); 
   byte[] data = new byte[1024];      
   int read = -1;         
while ( (read = in.read(data)) > 0 )           	out.write(data, 0, read); 
                 
out.close();         in.close();         fs.close(); 
     
public static void main(String[] args)  
 	 	Configuration conf = new Configuration();     conf.set("fs.default.name","hdfs://localhost:9000"); 
 	 	String localFilePath = "/home/hadoop/text.txt";   
 	 	String remoteFilePath = "/user/hadoop/text.txt";    
 	 	String choice = "append";
	 	String choice = "overwrite";    	 
 	 	try   	 	 	 	 	
Boolean fileExists = false;  	 	 	
if (HDFSApi.test(conf, remoteFilePath))   	 	 	 	
fileExists = true; 
 System.out.println(remoteFilePath + " 已存在.");  	
 	  else  
 	 	 	 	System.out.println(remoteFilePath + " 不存在."); 
 	 	 	 
 	 	 	if ( !fileExists)  // 文件不存在,则上传 
 	 	 	 	HDFSApi.copyFromLocalFile(conf, localFilePath, remoteFilePath); 
 	 	 	 	System.out.println(localFilePath + " 已上传至 " + remoteFilePath); 
 	 	 	 else if ( choice.equals("overwrite") )     // 选择覆盖 
 	 	 	 	HDFSApi.copyFromLocalFile(conf, localFilePath, remoteFilePath); 
 	 	 	 	System.out.println(localFilePath + " 已覆盖 " + remoteFilePath); 
	 	 else if ( choice.equals("append") )    // 选择追加 
 	 	 	 	HDFSApi.appendToFile(conf, localFilePath, remoteFilePath); 
 	 	 	 	System.out.println(localFilePath + " 已追加至 " + remoteFilePath); 
 	 	 	 
 	 	 catch (Exception e)  
 	 	 	e.printStackTrace(); 
 	 	 
 	 
 

(2)从HDFS中下载指定文件,如果本地文件与要下载的文件名称相同,则自动对下载的文件重命名;

Shell命令:

if $(hadoop fs -test -e /usr/local/hadoop/test.txt);
then $(hadoop fs -copyToLocal /user/test.txt /usr/local/hadoop/test.txt); 
else $(hadoop fs -copyToLocal /user/test.txt /usr/local/hadoop/test2.txt); 

Java代码:

Import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; 
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*; 
import java.io.*; 
public class HDFSApi  
public 	static 	void 	copyToLocal(Configuration 	conf, 	String 	remoteFilePath, localFilePath) throws IOException  
      FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf); 
        Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); 
        File f = new File(localFilePath); 
if(f.exists())  
         	System.out.println(localFilePath + " 已存在.");          	
Integer i = 0;          	
while (true)           	 	
f = new File(localFilePath + "_" + i.toString());          	 	
if (!f.exists())           	 	 	
localFilePath = localFilePath + "_" + i.toString(); 
         break; 
        
 
System.out.println("将重新命名为: " + localFilePath); ()); 
         Path localPath = new Path(localFilePath);       
 fs.copyToLocalFile(remotePath, localPath);       
 fs.close(); 
     
 	public static void main(String[] args)  
 	 	Configuration conf = new Configuration();     conf.set("fs.default.name","hdfs://localhost:9000"); 
 	 String localFilePath = "/home/hadoop/text.txt";    
String remoteFilePath = "/user/hadoop/text.txt";   
try  
 	HDFSApi.copyToLocal(conf, remoteFilePath, localFilePath); 
 	System.out.println("下载完成"); 
 catch (Exception e)  
 	e.printStackTrace(); 



(3)将HDFS中指定文件的内容输出到终端中;

Shell命令:

hadoop fs -cat text.txt

Java代码:

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*; import java.io.*; 
 
public class HDFSApi  
    /** 
     * 读取文件内容 
     */ 
    public static void cat(Configuration conf, String remoteFilePath) throws IOException  
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf); 
        Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); 
        FSDataInputStream in = fs.open(remotePath); 
        BufferedReader d = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));         String line = null; 
        while ( (line = d.readLine()) != null )  
         	System.out.println(line); 
         
       d.close();        in.close();        fs.close(); 
     
 	public static void main(String[] args)  
 	 	Configuration conf = new Configuration();     conf.set("fs.default.name","hdfs://localhost:9000");
String remoteFilePath = "/user/local/hadoop/text.txt";    // HDFS 路径
try  
 	System.out.println("读取文件: " + remoteFilePath); 
 	HDFSApi.cat(conf, remoteFilePath); 
 	System.out.println("\\n 读取完成"); 
 catch (Exception e)  
 	e.printStackTrace(); 



(4)显示HDFS中指定的文件的读写权限、大小、创建时间、路径等信息;

Shell命令:

hadoop fs -ls -h /user/test.txt

Java代码:

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*; import java.io.*; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; 
public class HDFSApi  
    public static void ls(Configuration conf, String remoteFilePath) throws IOException  
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf); 
        Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath);         FileStatus[] fileStatuses = fs.listStatus(remotePath);         for (FileStatus s : fileStatuses)  
         	System.out.println("路径: " + s.getPath().toString()); 
         	System.out.println("权限: " + s.getPermission().toString()); 
         	System.out.println("大小: " + s.getLen()); 
         	/* 返回的是时间戳,转化为时间日期格式 */ 
         	Long timeStamp = s.getModificationTime(); 
         	SimpleDateFormat format =  new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); 
         	String date = format.format(timeStamp);   
   	System.outprintln("时间: " + date);          fs.close(); 
    
public static void main(String[] args)   	 	Configuration conf = new Configuration();     conf.set("fs.default.name","hdfs://localhost:9000"); 
 	 	String remoteFilePath = "/user/hadoop/text.txt";     
 	 	try  
 	 	 	System.out.println("读取文件信息: " + remoteFilePath); 
	 	 	HDFSApi.ls(conf, remoteFilePath); 
	                          System.out.println("\\n 读取完成"); 
 catch (Exception e)  
 	 	 	e.printStackTrace(); 


 

(5)给定HDFS中某一个目录,输出该目录下的所有文件的读写权限、大小、创建时间、路径等信息,如果该文件是目录,则递归输出该目录下所有文件相关信息;

Shell命令:

hadoop fs -ls -R -h /user

Java代码

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*; import java.io.*; 
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; 
 
public class HDFSApi  
    /** 
     * 显示指定文件夹下所有文件的信息(递归) 
     */ 
    public static void lsDir(Configuration conf, String remoteDir) throws IOException  
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf); 
        Path dirPath = new Path(remoteDir); 
        /* 递归获取目录下的所有文件 */ 
        RemoteIterator<LocatedFileStatus> remoteIterator = fs.listFiles(dirPath, true); 
        /* 输出每个文件的信息 */ 
        while (remoteIterator.hasNext())  
         	FileStatus s = remoteIterator.next(); 
            System.out.println("路径: " + s.getPath().toString()); 
            System.out.println("权限: " + s.getPermission().toString());
            System.out.println("大小: " + s.getLen()); 
         	/* 返回的是时间戳,转化为时间日期格式 */ 
         	Long timeStamp = s.getModificationTime(); 
         	SimpleDateFormat format =  new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); 
         	String date = format.format(timeStamp);   
         	System.out.println("时间: " + date); 
         	System.out.println(); 
                 fs.close(); 
         
     
 	/** 
 	 * 主函数 
 	 */ 
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